膜片彈簧的設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)論文英文資料翻譯

1、 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）英文翻譯、年級(jí)、專(zhuān)業(yè): 2008級(jí)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 姓 名: 學(xué) 號(hào): 指 導(dǎo) 教 師: the design of diaphragm springabstractthe clutch is the important components in automobile transmission system, the main function is to achieve is cut off and the engine to the power transmission, guaranteed that the automobile starts smoothly

2、, ensure drive system when the shift work smoothly and limit the transmission system to withstand the maximum torque, prevent the transmission system overload. diaphragm spring clutch is in recent years in the vehicle and light vehicle used in a clutch, the torque capacity of large and relatively st

3、able, convenient operation, good balance, can be mass production, and the research on it has become more and more important. keywords: diaphragm spring clutch;diaphragm spring clutch overviewdiaphragm spring clutch is in recent years in the car and light truck used a clutch. because of its as a pres

4、sure spring, can also play the separation lever effect, whereby the clutch in order to simplify the structure, quality reduction, and remarkably reduce the axial size of clutch. secondly, as a result of diaphragm spring and pressure with the circumferential contact, so that uniform distribution of p

5、ressure. in addition due to the diaphragm spring with nonlinear elastic properties, it can be in the driven disc friction plate abrasion, spring can still reliably transfer the torque of the engine, without causing slip away from. clutch, the clutch pedal manipulation of light, reduce the labor inte

6、nsity of the driver. in addition, because of the diaphragm is a symmetric parts, good balance, at high speed, the pressing force reducing rarely, but the week arranged elastic clutch at high speed, due to the centrifugal force will generate transverse bending, spring severe drum, thereby reducing th

7、e pressure plate pressure, thereby causing the clutch to transmit torque capacity. as can be seen, for light diaphragm spring clutch design research for the improvement of automobile clutch performance in all aspects has very important significance.as the hold-down spring called diaphragm spring, is

8、 made of spring steel stamped, with no bottom plate shape of the truncated cone shaped thin wall diaphragm, and the small end surface on a plurality of radial groove, to form an elastic lever, while the remaining slots cut end truncated conical part is a spring action. diaphragm spring are arranged

9、on the both sides of the supporting ring, and the latter by means of a fixed on a clutch cover some ( radial grooves cut in half number of rivets to install location ). when the clutch cover bolt fixed to the flywheel, the flywheel clutch cover to the rear support ring, diaphragm spring to generate

10、elastic deformation, the apex angle of the cone becomes large, and even almost flattened diaphragm spring. at the same time the larger end of the diaphragm spring pressure plate pressing force generated on the clutch is in the coupling. when the clutch is disengaged, the separation bearing forward d

11、iaphragm spring pressure before the supporting ring as a fulcrum of reverse tapered transition, so that the diaphragm spring after the shift, and by separating the hook pulling the pressure shift clutch. diaphragm spring clutch has many advantages: first of all, as a result of the diaphragm spring w

12、ith nonlinear characteristic, therefore the design of the friction plate abrasion, spring pressure is nearly constant, and can reduce the separation when the clutch pedal force, make the manipulation of light; secondly, diaphragm spring clutch mounted position on the center line of the shaft are sym

13、metrical, so the pressing force actually from the influence of the centrifugal force, stable performance, balance or; furthermore, diaphragm spring itself and pressing spring and separation of the clutch lever effect, simple structure, less number of parts, the quality decreases obviously shortens t

14、he axial dimension; in addition, the diaphragm spring and the pressure plate is the entire circumferential contact, so that the pressure uniform distribution, good contact friction friction plate, uniform, easy to achieve good ventilation and cooling.pull type diaphragm spring clutch has the advanta

15、gescompared with push, pull type diaphragm spring clutch has many advantages: a middle supporting components, and do not support ring or only a supporting ring, the structure is simple, compact structure, fewer parts, quality less; pull type diaphragm spring is central and the platen press platen si

16、ze in the same conditions the larger diameter diaphragm spring, improves the pressing force and the ability to transfer torque, and does not increase the pedal force, in the transmission of the same torque, can use the small size structure; in the joint or separate state, the clutch cover deformatio

17、n small, large stiffness, higher separation efficiency; pull leverage ratio greater than push-down lever ratio, and the intermediate support to reduce the friction loss, high transmission efficiency, pedal operated more portable, pull type pedal force than the push type general reduction; both in th

18、e joint state or separate state, pull type diaphragm spring clutch structure with cover support keeping in contact, on a supporting ring wear can not be formed after clearance and increased pedal free travel, no impact and cry; a longer service life.clutch diaphragm spring designthe structural chara

19、cteristics of diaphragm springfrom the front can know, the design of the diaphragm spring compression spring is. the diaphragm spring clutch push and pull, in the design of the structure.diaphragm spring in the shape of the structure is divided into two parts. in the larger end of the diaphragm spri

20、ng is an integrity of the frustum, it is shaped like a bottomless dishes and general machinery with disc spring disc spring are exactly the same, so as part of. diaphragm spring on elastic effect is the dish spring part. disc spring elastic effect is that: along the axial direction of loading, disc

21、spring compression becomes flat, after unloading and the restoration of the prototype of the. can be said that the diaphragm spring disc spring is a special structural form. the difference is, the diaphragm spring is also arranged on the radial slotted section. on the diaphragm spring radially slott

22、ed portions like a ring of petals, its role is, when the clutch is disengaged as separation lever. so it is also called the separation claw. separation claw and a disk spring component junction radial slot wide rectangular circular hole. in so doing, one can reduce the stress concentration at the ro

23、ot of the separation claw, on one hand and can be used for the placement of pins fixed diaphragm spring, separation claw root fillet transition r 4.5.diaphragm spring deformation and loading methodas a result of diaphragm spring used to push type structure, so the dress. in the engagement and diseng

24、agement of clutch, diaphragm spring loading situation is different, corresponding to two modes of loading and deformation:(1): when engaging clutch diaphragm spring up, pressing spring, the pressure plate in - clutch cover assembly and flywheel assembly previously, diaphragm spring approximation is

25、in free state, diaphragm spring on the platen without compressing function. when the platen - clutch cover assembly and flywheel mounted together, the front end of the flywheel clutch cover to the front end surface close. therefore, the clutch cover through the supporting ring 4of the diaphragm spri

26、ng loaded, almost flat diaphragm spring. at the same time on the platen also effect of load. we call the pressing force. the supporting ring 4and a diaphragm spring plate contact between the height variation called big deformation of diaphragm spring release bearing, relative to the platen height va

27、riation called the small end deformation.(2): when the separation bearing separation with p2force acting on the diaphragm spring of the small end, a supporting ring 4is inoperative, and the supporting ring 5to play a role in. when the p2force reaches a certain value, diaphragm spring is pressed over

28、. separation in the larger end of the diaphragm spring and the small end will further generate additional deformation and. the diaphragm spring deformation of 。the elastic deformation properties of diaphragm springin front of said diaphragm spring on elastic part is the disc spring disc spring part,

29、 part of the elastic deformation and the spiral spring is not the same, it is a nonlinear spring, its characteristics and the disc spring portions of the original inner truncated cone high h and spring plate thickness ratio of h h/h. different h/h values can be obtained by different characteristics

30、and deformation characteristics of. general can be divided into the following four cases:the h/h the following figure 7.1h/h=0.5 curve, the curve shape is: load p increases, deformation is always increasing. the stiffness of the spring is very big, can bear large load, and as a buffer device for str

31、oke limiter.the h/h =in figure 7.1h/h=1.5 curve, elastic characteristic curve in the middle of a very straight, deformation increase, load p almost unchanged. this spring called zero stiffness spring.the h/h figure 7.2 below, the spring characteristic curve with a greater negative stiffness unstable

32、 operating region, and a load negative area. this spring for automotive hydraulic transmission in thelocking. figure 7.2 three kinds of different h/h values dimensionless characteristic curve figure 7.3 three different kinds of h/h value of the dimensionless elastic deformation curvethe parameter de

33、termining the size of the diaphragm springin the design of the diaphragm spring, general preliminary selected for their full size and then a series of calculation, finally selecting the most appropriate size. the structure diagram of figure r and r/r determinationthe ratio of r/r to the spring load

34、and stress characteristics are, from the material utilization ratio angle, in 1.8 2, disc spring storage elastic capacity is the largest, is a spring quality utilization rate and. thus designed to ease impact, absorbing vibration need to store large amounts of elastic energy of disc spring selection

35、. for the automobile clutch diaphragm spring, design does not need to store a large amount of elastic energy, but according to the structure arrangement and separation needs to decide, general r/r value is 1.2 1.3. to r, diaphragm spring r diameter shall meet the requirements of structure and fricti

36、on plate diameter greater than the inner diameter of adaptation, friction plate, friction. plate diameter. in addition, when the h, h and r/r constant, increased r in favor of diaphragm springstress dropdiaphragm spring starting cone angleautomobile diaphragm spring conical bottom generally start at

37、 10 14 diaphragm spring small end radius and radius of isolation bearingsthe value is mainly composed of structural decisions, minimum value should be greater than the first transmission shaft spline, separation effect is larger than the radius of the bearing.separation index n, slot width, slot wid

38、th, and the window hole radiusautomobile clutch diaphragm spring separation index n 12, generally at about 18, even when using, convenient manufacture mold dividing groove width of about 3mm, about 10mm, window hole radius r general case by( r-) = (0.8- 1.4)膜片彈簧的設(shè)計(jì)摘 要離合器是汽車(chē)傳動(dòng)系中的重要部件，主要功用是是切斷和實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)傳

39、動(dòng)系的動(dòng)力傳遞，保證汽車(chē)平穩(wěn)起步，保證傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)換擋時(shí)工作平順以及限制傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)所承受的最大轉(zhuǎn)矩，防止傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)過(guò)載。膜片彈簧離合器是近年來(lái)在轎車(chē)和輕型汽車(chē)上廣泛采用的一種離合器，它的轉(zhuǎn)矩容量大而且較穩(wěn)定，操作輕便，平衡性好，也能大量生產(chǎn)，對(duì)于它的研究已經(jīng)變得越來(lái)越重要。關(guān)鍵字：離合器；膜片彈簧；膜片彈簧離合器概述膜片彈簧離合器是近年來(lái)在轎車(chē)和輕型載貨汽車(chē)上廣泛采用的一種離合器。因其作為壓簧，可以同時(shí)兼起分離杠桿的作用，使離合器的結(jié)構(gòu)大為簡(jiǎn)化，質(zhì)量減少，并顯著地縮短了離合器的軸向尺寸。其次，由于膜片彈簧與壓盤(pán)以整個(gè)圓周接觸，使壓力分布均勻。另外由于膜片彈簧具有非線(xiàn)性彈性特性，故能在從動(dòng)盤(pán)摩擦片磨損后

40、，彈簧仍能可靠的傳遞發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩，而不致產(chǎn)生滑離。離合器分離時(shí)，使離合器踏板操縱輕便，減輕駕駛員的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。此外，因膜片是一種對(duì)稱(chēng)零件，平衡性好，在高速下，其壓緊力降低很少，而周布置彈離合器在高速時(shí)，因受離心力作用會(huì)產(chǎn)生橫向撓曲，彈簧嚴(yán)重鼓出，從而降低了對(duì)壓盤(pán)的壓緊力，從而引起離合器傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩能力下降。那么可以看出，對(duì)于輕型車(chē)膜片彈簧離合器的設(shè)計(jì)研究對(duì)于改善汽車(chē)離合器各方面的性能具有十分重要的意義。作為壓緊彈簧的所謂膜片彈簧，是由彈簧鋼沖壓成的，具有“無(wú)底碟子”形狀的截錐形薄壁膜片，且自其小端在錐面上開(kāi)有許多徑向切槽，以形成彈性杠桿，而其余未切槽的大端截錐部分則起彈簧作用。膜片彈簧的兩側(cè)有支承圈

41、，而后者借助于固定在離合器蓋上的一些（為徑向切槽數(shù)目的一半）鉚釘來(lái)安裝定位。當(dāng)離合器蓋用螺栓固定到飛輪上時(shí)，由于離合器蓋靠向飛輪，后支承圈則壓膜片彈簧使其產(chǎn)生彈性變形，錐頂角變大，甚至膜片彈簧幾乎變平。同時(shí)在膜片彈簧的大端對(duì)壓盤(pán)產(chǎn)生壓緊力使離合器處于結(jié)合狀態(tài)。當(dāng)離合器分離時(shí)，分離軸承前移膜片彈簧壓前支承圈并以其作為支點(diǎn)發(fā)生反錐形的轉(zhuǎn)變，使膜片彈簧大端后移，并通過(guò)分離鉤拉動(dòng)壓盤(pán)后移使離合器分離。膜片彈簧離合器具有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)：首先，由于膜片彈簧具有非線(xiàn)性特性，因此設(shè)計(jì)摩擦片磨損后，彈簧壓力幾乎不變，且可以減輕分離離合器時(shí)的踏板力，使操縱輕便；其次，膜片彈簧的安裝位置對(duì)離合器軸的中心線(xiàn)是對(duì)稱(chēng)的，因此其

42、壓緊力實(shí)際上不受離心力的影響，性能穩(wěn)定，平衡性也好；再者，膜片彈簧本身兼起壓緊彈簧和分離杠桿的作用，使離合器結(jié)構(gòu)大為簡(jiǎn)化，零件數(shù)目減少，質(zhì)量減小并顯著縮短了軸向尺寸；另外，由于膜片彈簧與壓盤(pán)是以整個(gè)圓周接觸，使壓力分布均勻，摩擦片的接觸良好，摩擦均勻，也易于實(shí)現(xiàn)良好的通風(fēng)散熱等。拉式膜片彈簧離合器的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與推式相比，拉式膜片彈簧離合器具有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)：取消了中間支承各零件，并不用支承環(huán)或只用一個(gè)支承環(huán)，使其結(jié)構(gòu)更簡(jiǎn)單、緊湊，零件數(shù)目更少，質(zhì)量更少；拉式膜片彈簧是中部與壓盤(pán)相壓在同樣壓盤(pán)尺寸的條件下可采用直徑較大的膜片彈簧，提高了壓緊力與傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩的能力，且并不增大踏板力，在傳遞相同的轉(zhuǎn)矩時(shí)，可采用尺寸

43、較小的結(jié)構(gòu)；在接合或分離狀態(tài)下，離合器蓋的變形量小，剛度大，分離效率更高；拉式的杠桿比大于推式的杠桿比，且中間支承減少了摩擦損失，傳動(dòng)效率較高，踏板操縱更輕便，拉式的踏板力比推式的一般可減少約30%；無(wú)論在接合狀態(tài)或分離狀態(tài)，拉式結(jié)構(gòu)的膜片彈簧大端與離合器蓋支承始終保持接觸，在支承環(huán)磨損后不會(huì)形成間隙而增大踏板自由行程，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生沖擊和哭聲；使用壽命更長(zhǎng)。離合器膜片彈簧設(shè)計(jì)膜片彈簧的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)由前面可以知道，本設(shè)計(jì)中的壓緊彈簧是膜片彈簧。而膜片彈簧離合器分推式和拉式，在本設(shè)計(jì)中采用拉式結(jié)構(gòu)。 膜片彈簧在結(jié)構(gòu)形狀上分為兩部分。在膜片彈簧的大端處為一完整的截錐體，它的形狀像一個(gè)無(wú)底的碟子和一般機(jī)械上用的碟形彈簧完全一樣，故稱(chēng)作碟簧部分。膜片彈簧起彈性作用的正是其碟簧部分。碟形彈簧的彈性作用是這樣：沿其軸線(xiàn)方向加載，碟簧受壓變平，卸載后又恢復(fù)原形所?？梢哉f(shuō)膜片彈簧是碟形彈簧的一種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式。所不同的是，在膜片彈簧上還包括有徑向開(kāi)槽部分。膜片彈簧上的徑向開(kāi)槽部分像一圈瓣片，它的作用是，當(dāng)離合器分離時(shí)作為分離杠桿。故它又稱(chēng)分離爪。分離爪與碟簧部分交接處的徑向槽較寬呈長(zhǎng)方圓形孔。這樣做，一方面可以減少分離爪根部應(yīng)力集中，一方面又可用來(lái)安置銷(xiāo)釘固定膜片彈簧，分離爪根部的過(guò)渡圓角r4.5。膜片彈簧的變形特性和加載方式由于膜片