不定式動名詞 (2)

1、不定式和動名詞(2009-05-06 22:19:48) 后接不定式的詞和詞組：manage to do sth 設(shè)法做.afford to do sth 負(fù)擔(dān)起做.wisth to do sth 希望做.apply A to B 把A運(yùn)用B到中seem to 似乎see to 調(diào)查explain to 解釋pay a visit to sp 參觀某地do one best to do sth 盡力hesitate to do sth 猶豫signal (to) sb to do sth 打手勢讓某人做.belong to 屬于consider sb (to sb) 把某人視為to be fr

2、ank 坦白do damage to 損壞persuade sb to do sth 說服某人做.regret sb to do sth 請求某人做.permit sb to do sth 允許某人做.arrange to do stharrange for sb to do sth 安排做.do harm to 對.有害intend to do sth 打算做.sth happened to sb 某人發(fā)生某事compain to sb about sth 向某人抱怨.do violence to 強(qiáng)暴地對待volunteer to do 自愿做.respond to 答復(fù)refer to

3、查閱、指reply to 答復(fù)about to 即將warm sb of sth警告某人.to do sth警告某人做.go to extremes 走極端turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向某人求得幫助next to 隔壁offer to do sth 主動提出做.try to do sth 設(shè)法做.encourage sb to do sth 鼓勵某人做.cause sb to do sth 使某人做.respond to 回答require sb to do sth 要求某人做.forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做.to people 對人類來說enable sb to do sth 使某

4、人能做.to start with 一開始thanks to sb 多虧有某人happen to sb 發(fā)生在某人身上only to do (和本來愿望相反)jump to ones feet 突然站起來inspire sb to do sth 鼓舞某人做.to illustrate ones talk 為了闡述某人的觀點(diǎn)afford to do sth 負(fù)擔(dān)得起做.proceed to sp 走向某處proceed to do/with sth 繼續(xù)做.to everyones surprise 讓每個人吃驚的是exposure to 暴露adopt to 適應(yīng)allow sb to do

5、sth 允許某人做.pay great attention to detial 非常關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)force sb to do sth 逼迫某人做.tailor A to B 根據(jù)B制定Areturn to reality 回歸現(xiàn)實thanks to 由于stick to 堅持對于非謂語形式作賓語，大致有三種情況：1. 只能用不定式作賓語。如 afford, agree, decide, decline, fail, hope, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 等。2. 只能用 -ing形式賓語。如 admit, avoid, consider, deny

6、, delay, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind, practise, risk, suggest 以及 put off, give up 等。3. 既能用不定式又能 -ing形式。如 begin, start, like, prefer, remember, regret, need, try, mean 等。對于第3種情況中的許多動詞，用兩種形式還有一定的差別。 begin, start, continue 等，用兩種形式一般沒有明顯區(qū)別。 like, love, prefer, hate 等，用不定式和 -ing形式通常也沒有區(qū)別。但是對于 would like

7、, would love, would prefer，就只能用不定式。 remember, forget, regret，不定式表示將來，-ing形式表示過去。（regret to do“遺憾地”；regret doing“后悔做了”） need, want, require，用 -ing的主動形式相當(dāng)于不定式的被動形式。（need doing need to be done） stop, go on. stop doing “停止正在做的事情”；stop to do“停下來，去做另一件事”（這里 stop 是不及物動詞，不定式是目的狀語）。go on doing “繼續(xù)做先前在做的事”， c

8、ontinue doing continue to do；go on to do“接著去做另一件事”。 try to do“盡力做”；try doing“試著做”。 mean to do“打算做”， intend to do；mean doing“意味著”。 help to do“幫忙做某事”；cannot help doing“忍不住”。另外，對于 allow, permit, advise, forbid，其賓語用 -ing形式，賓語補(bǔ)足語用不定式。allow doing, allow sb to do, etc.只能后接不定式的35動詞和短語一、只能后接不定式的動詞和短語歸納有的動詞后只

9、能用不定式而不能接動名詞。如ask, demand(要求), plan, intend, mean(計劃), manage, do / try ones best, make an attempt, (努力), learn(學(xué)習(xí)), wish, hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, should like, would prefer(), wish,希望、愿意), agree, promise(同意), decide, determine, choose, make a decision, make up ones mind(決定), of

10、fer(主動提出), apply(申請), help(幫助), fail(不能、沒有), prepare(準(zhǔn)備), pretend(假裝), refuse(拒絕), happen(碰巧), afford(負(fù)擔(dān)得起)等。二、只能后接不定式的動詞和短語考題1. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (全國卷)A. having metB. meetingC. to meetD. to have met【分析】答案選C。agree只能接不定，在謂語動之后發(fā)生，用一般式。2. She pretended _me when I pass

11、ed by. (全國卷)A. not to seeB. not seeingC. to not seeD. having not seen【分析】答案選A。pretend只能接不定式，not要放在不定式的前面構(gòu)成否定。只能接-ing形式的35動詞和短語一、用法歸納有的動詞或短語動詞后只能用動名詞而不能接不定式。如allow, permit(允許), consider(考慮), suggest, advice(建議),oman), suggest, advice(反復(fù); 不停), finish(完成), imagine(想象), practise(練習(xí)), understand(明白), app

12、reciate, enjoy(喜歡), miss(錯過; 懷念), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止), escape(避免), include(包括), forgive, pardon, excuse(原諒), dislike(厭惡), discuss(討論), report(報道), admit(承認(rèn)), mind(介意), risk(冒險), cant stand(不能忍受), burst out(突然開始), feel like(想要), insist on(堅持), delay, put off(推遲), give up(放棄), be busy(忙于), be wort

13、h(值得)等。二、考題分析1. Do you mind _ alone at home? (上海卷)A. Jane leaving B. Jane having leftC. Janes being left D. Jane to be left【分析】答案選C。mind后只能接-ing形式，且Jane與leave是被動關(guān)系。2. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _. (全國卷)A. catching B. to be caughtC. being caught D. to catch【分析】答案選C。miss后只能接動名詞，且it(

14、the squirrel)與catch是被動關(guān)系。3. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. (全國卷 )A. you to call B. you callC. your calling D. youre calling【分析】答案選C。appreciate后只能接動名詞，your是其邏輯主語。4. What do you think of the book?Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. (全國卷)A. to read B. to be readC. reading D. being read

15、【分析】答案選C。在be worth后只能接doing，且用主動形式表示被動含義。5. The man insisted _ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. (江蘇卷)A. find B. to findC. on finding D. in finding【分析】答案選C。insist后接that從句，或者接on sth. 或on doing sth. ,沒有別的接法。insist on doing堅持要做某事。6.He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of

16、 Mr. Turner. (上海卷)A. been called B. calledC. having called D. being called【分析】答案選D。在insist on后只能接-ing形式。動詞接動名詞還是不定式一個及物動詞后接另一動詞作賓語時，有時只能用不定式，有時只能用動名詞，有時用不定式或動名詞均可且含義相同，有時用不定式或動名詞均可但含義不同。具體情況大致如下：一、下列動詞習(xí)慣上只接動名詞作賓語admit 承認(rèn) advise 建議 allow 允許 appreciate 感激avoid 避免avoid consider 考慮 delay 推遲 discuss 討論di

17、slike 不喜歡 enjoy 喜愛 escape 逃脫 excuse 原諒fancy 設(shè)想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止 forgive 原諒give up 放棄 imagine 想像 keep 保持 mention 提及mind 介意 miss 沒趕上 pardon 原諒 permit允許permitpractise 練習(xí) prevent 阻止 prohibit 禁止 put off 推遲report 報告 risk 冒險I advise waiting a few more days. 我建議再等幾天。I admit breaking the window. 我承認(rèn)窗戶是我打破

18、的。Try to imagine being on the moon. 設(shè)法想像你是在月球上。He tried to escape being punished. 他設(shè)法逃避懲罰。You shouldnt keep thinking about it. 你不該老想著這事。Would you mind going with her? 你可否同她一起去? 注：(1) 有的動詞后接動名詞作賓語時通常帶有邏輯主語。如：The rain prevented his coming. 下雨使他不能來。(2) 有的動詞(如advise, allow, forbid, permit等)等后雖然不能直接跟不定式作

19、賓語，但可接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語；而有些動詞(如consider, understand, discuss)則可接“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語。如：He advised me to buy a computer. 他建議我買臺電腦。He advised me to buy a computer. Have you considered how to get there? 你是否考慮過如何到那兒去?二、下列動詞習(xí)慣上只接不定式作賓語afford 付得起 agree 同意 arrange 安排 ask 要求care 想要 choose 決定 decide 決定 demand 要求determine 決心

20、 expect 期待 fail 未能 help 幫助hesitate 猶豫 hope 希望 long 渴望 manage 設(shè)法offer 主動提出 plan 計劃 prepare 準(zhǔn)備 pretend 假裝promise 答應(yīng) refuse 拒絕 want 想要 wish 希望I cant afford to buy a car. 我買不起汽車。I hope to be staying with you. 我希望和你住在一起。She demanded to see the headmaster. 她請求見校長。He promised to save a room for me. 他答應(yīng)給我留個

21、房間。He pretended to be friendly with me. 他假裝對我友善。He offered to take 10% off the price. 他表示愿意按原價減去百分之十。I dont wish to be disturbed in my work. 在工作時我不愿意被人打擾。They planned to send a rocket to the moon. 他們計劃向月球發(fā)射火箭。三、既可接動名詞也可接不定式作賓語且意義相同的動詞like 喜歡 love 喜歡 hate 憎恨 prefer 寧可begin 開始 start 開始 continue 繼續(xù) can

22、t bear 不能忍受bother 麻煩 intend 想要 attempt 試圖 cease停止He likes to sing singing. 他喜歡唱歌。It has started to rain raining. 開始下雨了。You neednt bother to come up coming up. 你不必費(fèi)心過來了。The baby continued to cry crying all night. 這孩子哭了一整夜。The old man ceased breathing to breathe. 老人停止了呼吸。注：當(dāng) like, love, hate, prefer 與

23、 would, should 連用時，其后只能接不定式。另外，當(dāng) begin, start 本身為進(jìn)行時態(tài)或后接 know, realize, understand 等靜態(tài)動詞時，其后的動詞只能用不定式。四、既可接動名詞也可接不定式作賓語但意義不同的動詞(1) remember(記得)，forget(忘記)，regret(后悔)后接不定式指該不定式所表示的動作還未發(fā)生，后接動名詞(有時可用完成式)，則指該動名詞所表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。比較：Remember to post the letter. 記住把這封信寄了。(“寄信”未發(fā)生)I remember posting the letter. 我

24、記得寄了那封信。(“寄信”已發(fā)生)He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘記要給我付錢了。(“付錢”未發(fā)生)He forgot paying me the money. 他忘記曾給我付過錢。(“付錢”發(fā)生了)(2) try 后接不定式表示設(shè)法做某事，接動名詞表示做某事試試(看有什么效果)。如：Ill try to come tomorrow. 我明天設(shè)法來。Lets try knocking at the back door. 咱們敲敲后門試試。(3) mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事，接動名詞表示意味著(做某事，接動名詞表示意味著要)做某事。如：He di

25、d not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要傷害你。This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了這種病就意味著要住院。(4) stop 后接動名詞表示停止做某事，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事。如：He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止講話，房里一點(diǎn)聲音也沒有了。He stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他停下來聽，但再也沒有聽到什么聲音。(stop后接的不定式不是賓語，而是目的狀語

26、)(5) cant help后接動名詞表示禁不住做某事，接不定式表示不能幫助做某事。如：mes New Roman后接動名詞表示禁不住做某事，接不定式表示不能幫助做某事。如：He couldnt help crying when he heard the news. 他聽到這個消息時禁不住哭了。The medicine cant help to get rid of your cold. 這藥不能幫你治好感冒。注：go on to do sth 和go on doing sth 也有類似差別：前者表示做完某事后接著做另一事，后者表示繼續(xù)做正在做的事。如：You oughtnt to go on

27、 living this way. 你不應(yīng)該再這樣生活下去了。(go on 后接doing通常被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)在分詞而不是動名詞)Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完這個練習(xí)后, 請接著做其他的練習(xí)五、既可接動名詞也可接不定式作賓語但語態(tài)不同的動詞在 need, want, require等表示“需要”的動詞后，接不定式和動名詞均可，且含義也相同，但是語態(tài)不同：接動名詞時用主動式表示被動含義，接不定式時則要用被動式表示”My coat needs mending to be mended. 我的外套需

28、要縫補(bǔ)一下。Your coat wants brushing to be brushed. 你的大衣需要刷一刷。既可接不定式又可接動名詞作賓語的動詞一、后接不定式或動名詞且含義相同的動詞這類動詞常見的有：like 喜歡 / love 喜歡 / hate 憎恨 / prefer 寧可 / begin 開始 / start 開始 / continue 繼續(xù) / cant bear 不能忍受 / bother 麻煩 / intend 想要 / attempt 試圖 / cease 停止，等。如： He likes travelling to travel alone. 他喜歡單獨(dú)旅行。He bega

29、n doing to do this job last year. 他去年開始做這工作。Dont bother to get gettingdinner for me. 請不必費(fèi)事為我做飯了。注意：當(dāng) like, love, hate, prefer 與 would, should 連用時，其后只能接不定式。如：Id like to drop in and see you tonight. 我想今晚來看你。另外，當(dāng) begin, start 本身為進(jìn)行時態(tài)或后接 know, realize, understand 等靜態(tài)動詞時，其后的動詞只能用不定式。如：He is beginning to

30、work in that company. 他即將開始去那個公司工作。After the talk with his English teacher, he began to like English. 跟英語老師談話之后，他開始喜歡英語了。二、forget, remember, regret 后接不定式或動名詞含義不同后接不定式或動名詞含義不同動詞 forget, remember, regret 等接不定式時，表示非謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生于謂語動詞的動作之后；接動名詞作賓語時，表示非謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生于謂語動詞的動作之前。如：I forgot to tell you about it. 我忘記

31、告訴你那件事了。I remembered giving the book to Li Lei, but he said I didnt. 我記得我把書給李蕾了，但是他說我沒有給。此外，動詞 forget, remember, regret 等接動名詞、接動名詞的完成式或不定式的完成式作賓語時，意義相同。如：I regretted to have broken the rules of our class. = I regretted having broken the rules of our class. 我后悔違反了班規(guī)。三、mean后接不定式或動名詞含義不同動詞 mean 接不定式作賓語時，表示一種意圖，意思是“打算做，想要做”；接動名詞作賓語時，表示解釋，意思是“意味著，意思是”。如：”I