（推薦）初中英語介詞講解

1、介詞Prep要求學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)過的介詞作一系統(tǒng)歸納，按照四類表示：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、趨向和其他。 （一）表示時(shí)間的介詞1at表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)，at six oclock, at noon；on表示特定日子，如on Childrens Day；in表示一段時(shí)間，in the morning.注：Shell be back in an hour.He came back after a month.in+一段時(shí)間與動(dòng)詞將來時(shí)連用，表示過一段時(shí)間之后；after+一段時(shí)間用于過去時(shí)，指一段時(shí)間后。 2During表示期間的某個(gè)時(shí)期It rained several times during the night.fo

2、r表示多長時(shí)間It has rained for two hours.through表示整個(gè)期間It rained all through the night. 3till, by, before, after表示時(shí)間期限或先后Ill be here till seven.Ill be home by six.Ill be here before seven. 4from, since表示時(shí)間起點(diǎn)They have lived here since 1985.I havent seen her from then on. （二）at, in, on, under, behind, by, ne

3、ar, between可表示場(chǎng)所，into, out of, along. across, through可表示方向，with, in, by, like, from可表示手段、材料等She is sitting by the window.Sam got out of the lift and ran quickly to the man.We smell with our noses. （三）介詞與動(dòng)詞搭配如：look at, arrive in/at etc.介詞與形容詞搭配如：be interested in, be kind to, etc.介詞與名詞搭配如：at least, by

4、 the way注意幾組介詞的區(qū)別：on, above, over與below，under, among與between, across與through，about與on1on的同義詞是above, over, above是指斜上方，over指正上方，其反義詞是below, under; below是指位置低于某物或在某物的下方，但不一定在某物正下方，其反義詞是above；under是指在某物的正下方有垂直在下的意思，其反義詞是over。 2among是指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上之間，between是指兩者之間。 3across與through都有“穿過”之意，都可指從一定范圍的一邊到另一邊，acros

5、s的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作是在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行的；through與in有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作是在某一物體的空間里進(jìn)行的。 介詞講解介詞是表示句子結(jié)構(gòu)中詞與詞或句子成分之間關(guān)系的一種虛詞。它是各地中考英語?？嫉囊粋€(gè)詞類，所以大家一定要掌握好介詞的相關(guān)知識(shí)?，F(xiàn)對(duì)介詞的分類及用法作一簡單歸納。常用介詞用法歌訣in在里面on在上，by和beside在近旁；above表示在上方，below恰好為反向。若表正上用over，under表示正下方。in front of表在前，反義behind在后面。從里穿過用through，表面通過across。進(jìn)到里面用into，落到上面用onto。from表示自何方，to和

6、towards表朝向。小小介詞用處大，反復(fù)實(shí)踐掌握它。一、表示時(shí)間和日期的介詞 in表示年、季節(jié)、月份、周，或泛指上午、下午或晚上；on表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上；at表示某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)間上的某一點(diǎn)。at表示具體的時(shí)刻。at seven oclockat half past twoon主要用于具體的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上，還用于具有某種特征的一天。on Mondayon August 8th, 2008on the night of National Dayon a rainy eveningin用于世紀(jì)、年、季節(jié)、月in the 21st century / in 2010

7、 / in spring / in January固定用法in the morning / afternoon / eveningat noon / night / midnight二、表示方位的介詞on意為“在的上面”；over意為“在（垂直）的正上方”；above意為“在（不一定垂直）的上方”；under意為“在（垂直的）正下方”；below意為“在（不一定垂直）的下方”；near意為“在附近”；next to意為“緊挨著”；round / around意為“在周圍”；by意為“在旁邊”；表示兩者的位置關(guān)系時(shí)in表示“在同一區(qū)域內(nèi)或同一范圍內(nèi)”；on表示“接壤；相鄰”；to表示“相離；相隔

8、”，兩者不屬同一范圍，也不接壤。介詞意 義例 句on在上His book is on the desk.under在下The football is under the chair.in在里There is a pencil case in the schoolbag.in front of在前There is a tree in front of the house.behind在后He is standing behind me.beside在旁邊Tom is sitting beside the window.三、表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的介詞by意為“在之前；不遲于”；for意為“歷時(shí)之久；持續(xù)”

9、；in意為“在以后；在時(shí)間內(nèi)”；since意為“自從以來；自以后”；until用于否定句中，意為“直到才”，其前的謂語動(dòng)詞多為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用在肯定句中，意為“直到為止”，其前謂語動(dòng)詞須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：他已經(jīng)當(dāng)老師9年了。He has been a teacher _ nine years.我已經(jīng)在這兒住了10年了。I have lived here _ ten years ago.他十分鐘之后將會(huì)回來。He will be back _ ten minutes.知道五月，我們才會(huì)看到一些花。We dont see any flowers _ May.你必須得在這里站到太陽落下去為止。You

10、 must stand here _ the sun sets.我明天早晨八點(diǎn)前必須得到校。I must be at school _ eight tomorrow morning.你能在五分鐘之內(nèi)干完這些工作嗎？Can you finish your work _ five minutes?四、表示方式的介詞介詞用來表交通，常把by, in, on來用；限定、復(fù)數(shù)用in / on，by要直通海陸空；騎馬、騎車慣用on，小轎車前in才通?！咀ⅰ?. by + 交通工具，意為“乘坐”。如： 海：be ship / boat / sea 陸：by bus / car / train / bike

11、/ taxi 空：by air / plane / spaceship2. on / in + 限定詞 + 交通工具，意為“乘坐”。如： He goes to work on the bike / in his car. 他騎自行車 / 開車去上班。3. on foot為固定短語，意為“步行”。五、表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞 across意為“從表面穿過”，或沿某一條線的方向而進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；through意為 “從內(nèi)部穿過”，past和by表示“從旁邊經(jīng)過或路過”。如： Please be careful when you go _ the street. Look! The mosquito is t

12、rying to fly _ the window. We often go _ a bakery on our way to school.六、不用介詞的情況today, yesterday, tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語前；含有l(wèi)ast, this, that, these, those, next, every, one, some, all等詞的時(shí)間狀語前；here, there, home, back等副詞前。介 詞(一) 正誤辨析1、誤 We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.正 We got to the top of the m

13、ountain at day break.析 at用于具體時(shí)刻之前，如：sunrise, midday, noon, sunset, midnight, night。2、誤 Dont sleep at daytime正 Dont sleep in daytime.析 in 要用于較長的一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，如：in the morning / afternoon, 或 in the week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。3、誤 We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.正 W

14、e visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.析 in the morning, in the afternoon 如果在這兩個(gè)短語中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為on, 如：on a cold morning, on the morning of July 14th4、誤 He became a writter at his twenties正 He became a writter in his twenties析 這句話應(yīng)譯為：他在20多歲時(shí)就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時(shí)間段中要用介詞in來表示，而在具體歲數(shù)時(shí)用at來表示。5、誤 He went

15、 to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.正 He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.析 在具體年歲前用at, 如：at the age of 12， at your age， 等等。6、誤 We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.正 We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.析 具體某一天要用介詞on, 又如：on New Years Day7、誤 Im looking forward

16、 to seeing you on Christmas.正 Im looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.析 在節(jié)日的當(dāng)天用on，而全部節(jié)日期間用at,Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間，一般要有兩周或更長的時(shí)間。8、誤 I havent see you during the summer holidays.正 I havent seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays.析 during表示在某一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，所以一般不與完成時(shí)搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums

17、during the holiday. 而for表示一段時(shí)間，可以用于完成時(shí)，如：I havent see you for a long time. 而through 用來表示時(shí)間時(shí)則為整整，全部的時(shí)間。如：It rained through the night.而since則是表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間，一般要與完成時(shí)連用。9、誤 At entering the classroom, I heard the good news.正 On entering the classroom, I heard the good news.析 On 加動(dòng)名詞表示一就。本句的譯文應(yīng)是：我一進(jìn)入教室就聽見這個(gè)好

18、消息了。又如：on hearing 一聽見， on arrival 一到達(dá)就(on表示動(dòng)作的名詞)10、誤 In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.正 At the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.析 at the begining與at the end都是指某事物的開始與結(jié)束部分，均不指時(shí)間范圍，而in the beginning 則是指開始一段時(shí)間。in the endat last是指最終，終于之意。11、誤 Til

19、l the end of next week. I will have finished this work.正 By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.析 by 引起的時(shí)間狀語表示了動(dòng)作的截止點(diǎn)，其意思為不遲于某一時(shí)刻將工作做完，所以主句一般是完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)然可以有將來時(shí)態(tài)，如：Ill be there by five oclock.而till則表達(dá)其一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻，但句中的動(dòng)詞一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而瞬間的截止性動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用其否定句式，如：I wont finish this work till(until) nex

20、t weekend.12、誤 He came to London before last weekend.正 He had come to London before last weekend.正 He came to London two weeks ago.析 before 一般要與完成時(shí)連用，而ago則與一般過去時(shí)連用。13、誤 I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.正 I have studied English for three years since I came here.析 since用來表達(dá)

21、主句動(dòng)作的開始時(shí)間，所以其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過去時(shí)，而不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)14、誤 I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours.正 I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours.析 中文經(jīng)常講兩小時(shí)之后來取，兩天內(nèi)會(huì)修好，而這個(gè)介詞在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二，after 多用于過去時(shí)，如：I arrived in New York. After three days, I found a job in the bank.

22、 after 加時(shí)間是表達(dá)一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間范圍，如：after three days, 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)完成某事時(shí)，一定要用介詞in。15、誤 Three days after he died.正 After three days he died.正 Three days later he died.析 after 與 later都可以用來表達(dá)一段時(shí)間之后，但它們所處的位置不同，after 在時(shí)間詞前，而later在時(shí)間詞后。16、誤 She hid herself after the tree.正 She hid herself behind the tree

23、.析 after多用來表達(dá)某動(dòng)作之后，所以有的語法書中稱它為動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。17、誤 There is a beautiful bird on the tree.正 There is a beautiful bird in the tree.析 樹上長出的果實(shí)，樹葉要用on, 而其他外來的人、物體均要用in the tree.18、誤 Shanghai is on the east of China.正 Shanghai is

24、 in the east of China.析 在表達(dá)地理位置時(shí)有3個(gè)介詞：in, on, to。 in表示在某范圍之內(nèi); on表示與某地區(qū)接壤；to則表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China. 19、誤 I arrived at New York on July 2nd.正 I arrived in New York on July 2nd.析 at用來表達(dá)較小的地方，而in用來表達(dá)較大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at

25、a small village。20、誤 He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.正 He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.析 在門牌號(hào)碼前要用at, 并要注意它的慣用法：at the end of the street, at the foot of the mountain, at the top of the page。21、誤 There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.正 There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.析 在屋

26、內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用in，而墻的外角用at，如：There is a tree at the corner of the street.22、誤 This weekend Ill stay in Uncle Wangs.正 This weekend Ill stay at Uncle Wangs.析 要注意英文的特殊表達(dá)法，如：at a tailors shop (裁縫店)at a tailors, at the doctors (去看病) at the booksellers (在書店) at uncle Wangs (在王叔叔家)23、誤 Do you know there is some goo

27、d news on todays newspaper?正 Do you know there is some good news in todays newspaper?析 在報(bào)紙上的新聞要用in, 而在具體某一版上，或某一頁上則要用on。24、誤 The school will begin on September 1st.正 School will begin on September 1st.析 這里的school應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程，即開學(xué)之意。要注意，有些活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事該種活動(dòng)時(shí)不要加冠詞，如：at table (吃飯)， When I came to Toms h

28、ome, they were at table. 還有： at desk (學(xué)習(xí))，at work (工作) at school (上學(xué))， in hospital (住醫(yī)院) at church 作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意，如：at the school 即在學(xué)校工作或辦事，in the hospital 即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。25、誤 In my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.正 On my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.析 譯文

29、為：在去車站的路上我買了份報(bào)紙，為的是消磨時(shí)光在的路上應(yīng)用on ones way。而 in the way 有擋道之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way。26、誤 Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into.正 Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke in.正 Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into the office.析 in是表達(dá)一個(gè)靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，在與break連用時(shí)其后不加介詞賓語，而

30、into則是動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，與break連用時(shí)要加介詞賓語。27、誤 Ill leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.正 Ill leave Beijing for Shanghai.正 Ill leave for Shanghai.析 leave for 是離開某地去某處的固定搭配，不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有：start for 動(dòng)身前往某處，set out for， sail for。28、誤 Im sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop.正 Im sorry. I have to get out o

31、f the bus at next stop.析 get in, 與 get out是兩個(gè)相反的詞組。get in 為上車，而get out為下車，但語法家認(rèn)為這里的in與out為副詞，所以其后不能接名詞，我們可以講Wed better get in. 或Wed better get out. 還有一組詞組有關(guān)上下車：get onoff(a train, a ship, a struck) get intoout of (a car, taxi)29、誤 Be careful The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero.正

32、Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero.析 over 與 above 在作為比某物高的意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時(shí)，即正上方時(shí)則要用above.而泛指上方時(shí)用over.30、誤 There is an old stone bridge above the river.正 There is an old stone bridge over the river.析 over還有一意為跨越，橫跨。31、誤 The Dead Sea is under the sea level.正 The

33、 Dead Sea is below the sea level.析 在垂直下方要用below.也就是講above與below互為反意詞，over與under也是反意詞。32、誤 There is a big tree in the front of the house.正 There is a big tree in front of the house. 析 in front of 是在物體外部的前面，而in the front of 是在物體內(nèi)部的前面，如：The driver sits in the front of the bus.33、誤 It took them two days

34、 to walk across the forest.正 It took them two days to walk through the forest.析 across 作為介詞有兩個(gè)主要意思： 橫過，如：I want to walk across the street. 對(duì)面，如：There is a post office across the street,而through 多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平面上的橫過。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother.34、誤 The sun sets to

35、ward the west.正 The sun sets in the west.析 towards也可用作toward，它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，但不一定到達(dá)，如：He ran toward(s) the mountain.而在表示方位east, west, north, south 時(shí)，其前面要用in。要注意的是這4個(gè)詞可以用作副詞，如：I went south. 也可用作名詞，如：I went to the south.也可用作形容詞，如：I went to the south part of China.35、誤 Do you have no other clothes except

36、those?正 Do you have no other clothes besides those?析 beside 是在旁邊，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是除之外，不僅而且，除了以外還有， 如：I studied English besides French, when I was in college. 而except 則是從同一類物體中去掉某一部分，如：I come here every day except Sunday. 而except for 是指去掉不同種類的事物，如：The room is clean

37、except for two chairs. 而except that則要加從句。36、誤 Can I write the exam paper with ink?正 Can I write the exam paper with a pen?正 Can I write the exam paper in ink?析 with后要加拿得起來放得下的工具，而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in。37、誤 Im earlier today. I came here by his car.正 Im earlier today. I came here in his car.析 在交通工具前加介詞by，但不能再

38、有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。by taxi=in a taxi by train=in a train by bicycle=on a bicycleby ship=on a ship by boat=in a boat by bus=on a busby plane=on a plane by air 空運(yùn) by land 陸運(yùn)by sea 海運(yùn) on foot on horsebackby phone by letter by radioby air mail by hand38、誤 A lot of French wines are made of grape.正 A l

39、ot of French wines are made from grape.析 made of 是指由原材料到成品過程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from,如：The desk was made of hard wood.39、誤 This is a good dictionary in English grammar.正 This is a good dictionary on English grammar.析 關(guān)于某方面的書籍、報(bào)告等有兩個(gè)介詞，其中on表示某專業(yè)用書，about則為某方面的普通讀物，如：This is a book about physics.即物

40、理科普知識(shí)。40、誤 Do you have the key of the door. 正 Do you have the key to the door.析 key to the door門的鑰匙。相同用法還有answer to the question, entrance to the highway, danger to health.千萬不要用of。41、誤 Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps.正 Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in c

41、ollecting stamps.析 have interest in是在某方面有興趣。42、誤 I didnt do my homework, so the teacher was angry to me.正 I didnt do my homework, so the teacher was angry with me.析 be angry with其后接人，而be angry at其后接事。如：He was angry at what she said.43、誤 He was good for skating.正 He was good at skating.析 be good at 為

42、擅長某事，而be good for somebody為對(duì)某人很好。44、誤 It was good to you to help my little boy.正 It was good of you to help my little boy.析 這句話應(yīng)譯為：你真太好了，幫助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody 是對(duì)某人態(tài)度好。如：Her mother is good to everyone.45、誤 My parents were very pleased at me.正 My parents were very pleased with me.正 My parents w

43、ere very pleased at my studying.析 be pleased with后加somebody, 而be pleased at后加something。46、誤 He is agree with me.正 He agrees with me.47、誤 He againsts me.正 He is against me.析 同意agree為動(dòng)詞，而反對(duì)against則為介詞。在使用中一定要注意。48、誤 I havent heard letters from him.正 I havent heard from him.析 hear from 即為：從某人處得到信件。不要再加

44、letter了。49、誤 Teacher. May I call at you this weekend?正 Teacher. May I call on you this weekend?析 作為拜訪講call at其后接地點(diǎn)，如：May I call at your home this weekend?而call on其后接人。50、誤 Do you know the girl on white?正 Do you know the girl in white?析 in white為穿一身白。與in有關(guān)的詞組有：in bed(睡覺)，in hospital(住院)，in a hurry(匆匆

45、忙忙)，in danger(危險(xiǎn)中),in joy (高興)，in good health(身體好)，in love(戀愛)，in trouble(困境)，與之相反的是out of ,如：out of trouble (擺脫困境)，out of date(過時(shí)了)， out of order(出故障)51、誤 He looked at me at surprise.正 He looked at me in surprise.析 surprise的用法一般有三種。用于句首，To ones surprise, 如：To my surprise he succeeded. be surprised

46、at, 如：I was surprised at the news. 用于句尾in surprise.52、誤 She didnt come to school because of she was ill.正 She didnt come to school because she was ill.析 because of 后接名詞，如：The game was put off because of the rain.(三) 例題解析1 - Thank you the beautiful flowers!- Not at all.A in B on C at D for 答案 D. 析 由于

47、某事向某人道謝應(yīng)用for。2 Can you answer this question English?A by B in C with D from答案 B. 析 in 表示用語言、聲音、或材料，如：He answered the question in a low voice.3 Look the map China the wall, please.A after, of, in B at, of, in C after, in, on D at, of, on 答案 D. 析 look at 為看，而on the wall為在墻表面掛著，而in the wall 則是在墻內(nèi)，如：The

48、re is hole in the wall.墻上有個(gè)洞。4 - When did Mr Green arrive in London?- He arrived there the evening of December 6th.A at B in C on D to答案 C. 析 in the evening / afternoon這兩個(gè)詞組不論是在其前或后加上任何修飾詞都應(yīng)將介詞換為on,如：on a cold morning, on a spring morning等。5 We won the relay race. And there was a big smile our teach

49、ers face.A off B near C on D between答案 C. 6 The twins got on well their classmates.A to B in C with D about答案 C. 析 get on well with與人相處很好。7 - Please remember to come to my birthday party.- I see. Ill come Saturday evening.A in B at C on D for答案 C. 8 Lets hurry， or well be late schoolAto Bat Cwith Df

50、or答案 D.析 be late for， 而 come late to， 如： Dont come late to school9 They will have a maths test two daysAfor Bat Cin Dafter答案 C.析 三天之內(nèi)應(yīng)用in，而不要受中文影響用after， after three days 是個(gè)不定的時(shí)間范圍，即沒有一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間。5天、6天、10天全是after three days。10 My brother joined the army A1989， March Bin March， 1989 CMarch， 1989 D1989， i

51、n March 答案 B.析 在月份、年、前用介詞in，而日子前用on。11 He couldnt work out the maths problem your helpAwithout Bunder Cfor Dwith答案 A.析 在某人幫助下應(yīng)用with， 如：With the help of the teacher I passed the exam easily而要是沒有你的幫助則用 without your help12 Granny took one look at us her glassesAby Bthrough Con Din答案 B.析 through 為穿過。13

52、We had our breakfast a quarter sevenA/， to Bin， to Cat， to Don， to答案 C.析 具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)前用at，而差幾分幾點(diǎn)用to，這里應(yīng)譯為：我在差一刻七點(diǎn)吃的早飯。14.I learn French the radio every dayAon Bin Cfrom Dat答案 A.析 從收音機(jī)中聽到某事應(yīng)用詞組 on the radio。15.Its good manners to wait lineAin Bon Cat Dwith答案 A.析 in line 為排隊(duì)。16 How many English words had you learnt last term?Aby the end of Bat the end of Cto the end of Dtill the end of 答案 A.析 by the end of 為動(dòng)作的截止時(shí)間，與完成時(shí)態(tài)相配合17 The manager was very satisfied his workAin Bon Cabout Dwith答案 D.析 be satisfied with 為固定搭配。18 John