心理學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx心理學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語【精品文檔】感覺記憶（SM）sensory memory 短期記憶（STM）short-term M.長期記憶（LTM）long-term memory 復(fù)誦-rehearsal預(yù)示(激發(fā))-priming 童年失憶癥-childhood amnesia視覺編碼（表征）-visual code (representation) 聽覺編碼acoustic code運(yùn)作記憶-working memory 語意性知識(shí)semantic knowledge記憶掃瞄程序memory scanning procedure竭盡式掃瞄程序-exhaustive S.P.

2、自我終止式掃瞄self-terminated S. .程序性知識(shí)procedural knowledge命題（陳述）性知識(shí)-propositional（declarative）knowledge情節(jié)（軼事）性知識(shí)episodic K. 訊息處理深度depth of processing精致化處理elaboration 登錄特殊性coding specificity記憶術(shù)mnemonic 位置記憶法method of loci字鉤法peg word （線）探索（測）(激發(fā))字prime關(guān)鍵詞-key word 命題思考-propositional thought 心像思考-imaginal th

3、ought 行動(dòng)思考-motoric thought 概念-concept原型-prototype 屬性-property 特征-feature范例策略-exemplar strategy 語言相對性（假說）linguistic relativity th.音素-phoneme 詞素-morpheme (字詞的)外延與內(nèi)涵意義denotative & connotative meaning （句子的）表層與深層結(jié)構(gòu)surface & deep structure語意分析法-semantic differential 全句語言holophrastic speech 過度延伸-over-exten

4、sion 電報(bào)式語言telegraphic speech 關(guān)鍵期-critical period 差異減縮法-difference reduction方法目的分析-means-ends analysis 倒推-working backward動(dòng)機(jī)-motive 自由意志-free will決定論-determinism本能-instinct種屬特有行為-species specific 驅(qū)力-drive誘因-incentive 驅(qū)力減低說-drive reduction th.恒定狀態(tài)（作用）homeostasis 原級(jí)與次級(jí)動(dòng)機(jī)primary & secondary M.功能獨(dú)立functi

5、onal autonomy 下視丘側(cè)部（LH）lateral hypothalamus脂肪細(xì)胞說-fat-cell theory. 下視丘腹中部（VMH）ventromedial H定點(diǎn)論-set point th. CCK膽囊調(diào)節(jié)激素第一性征-primary sex characteristic第二性征-secondary sex characteristic自我效能期望self-efficiency expectancy內(nèi)在（發(fā)）動(dòng)機(jī)intrinsic motive 外在（衍）動(dòng)機(jī)extrinsic motive成就需求-N. achievement 需求層級(jí)hierarchy of ne

6、eds 自我實(shí)現(xiàn)-self actualization 沖突-conflict 多項(xiàng)儀-polygraph 膚電反應(yīng)-GSR (認(rèn)知)評估-(cognitive appraisal) 臉部回饋假說-facial feedback hypothesis (生理)激發(fā)-arousal 挫折-攻擊假說-frustration-aggression hy. 替代學(xué)習(xí)-vicarious learning 發(fā)展-development 先天-nature 后天-nurture 成熟-maturation (視覺)偏好法-preferential method習(xí)慣法-habituation 視覺懸崖-vi

7、sual cliff剝奪或豐富(環(huán)境)-deprivation or enrichment of env. 基模-schema同化-assimilation 調(diào)適-accommodation 平衡-equilibrium感覺動(dòng)作期-sensorimotor stage 物體永久性-objective permanence運(yùn)思前期-preoperational st. 保留概念-conservation道德現(xiàn)實(shí)主義-moral realism 具體運(yùn)思期-concrete operational形式運(yùn)思期-formal operational st. 前俗例道德-pre-conventional

8、 moral俗例道德-conventional moral 超俗例道德-post-conventional moral氣質(zhì)-temperament 依附-attachment 性別認(rèn)定-gender identity性別配合-sex typing 性蕾期-phallic stage 戀親沖突Oedipal conflict認(rèn)同-identification 社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)-social learning 情結(jié)-complex性別恒定-gender constancy 青年期-adolescence 青春期- -puberty第二性征-secondary sex characteristics 認(rèn)同危

9、機(jī)-identity crisis定向統(tǒng)合-identity achievement 早閉型統(tǒng)合-foreclosure未定型統(tǒng)合-moratorium 迷失型統(tǒng)合-identity diffusion傳承-generativity 心理動(dòng)力-psycho-dynamics 心理分析-psychoanalysis行為論-behaviorism 心理生物觀-psycho-biological perspective認(rèn)知-cognition 臨床心理學(xué)家-clinical psychologist諮商-counseling 人因工程-human factor engineering組織-organ

10、ization 潛意識(shí)-unconsciousness完形心理學(xué)-Gestalt psychology 感覺-sensation知覺-perception 實(shí)驗(yàn)法-experimental method獨(dú)變項(xiàng)-independent variable 依變項(xiàng)-dependent V.控制變項(xiàng)-control V. 生理-physiology條件化-conditioning 學(xué)習(xí)-learning比較心理學(xué)-comparative psy. 發(fā)展-development社會(huì)心理學(xué)-social psy. 人格-personality心理計(jì)量學(xué)psychometrics 受試(者)-subject

11、實(shí)驗(yàn)者預(yù)期效應(yīng)experimenter expectancy effect雙盲法-doubleblind 實(shí)地實(shí)驗(yàn)-field experiment相關(guān)-correlation 調(diào)查-survey訪談-interview 個(gè)案研究-case study觀察-observation 心理測驗(yàn)-psychological test紋理遞變度-texture gradient 注意-attention物體的組群-grouping of object 型態(tài)辨識(shí)pattern recognition形象-背景-figure-ground 接近律-proximity相似律-similarity 閉合律-c

12、losure連續(xù)律-continuity對稱律-symmetry錯(cuò)覺-illusion 幻覺-delusion恒常性-constancy 大小-size形狀-shape 位置- location單眼線索-monocular cue 線性透視-linear- perspective雙眼線索-binocular cue 深度-depth調(diào)節(jié)作用-accommodation 重迭-superposition雙眼融合-binocular fusion 輻輳作用-convergence雙眼像差-binocular disparity 向度 - dimension自動(dòng)效應(yīng)-autokinetic effe

13、ct 運(yùn)動(dòng)視差- motion parallax誘發(fā)運(yùn)動(dòng)- induced motion 閃光運(yùn)動(dòng)- stroboscopic motion上下文脈絡(luò)-context 人工智能-artificial intelligence A.I.脈絡(luò)關(guān)系作用-context effect 模板匹配-template matching 整合分析法-analysis-by-synthesis 豐富性-redundancy選擇性-selective 無意識(shí)的推論-unconscious inferences運(yùn)動(dòng)后效-motion aftereffect 特征偵測器feature detector激發(fā)性-exci

14、tatory 抑制性-inhibitory幾何子-geons 由上而下處理up-down process由下而上處理-bottom-up process 連結(jié)者模式-connectionist model聯(lián)結(jié)失識(shí)癥-associative agnosia 臉孔辨識(shí)困難癥-prosopagnosia意識(shí)-conscious（ness） 意識(shí)改變狀態(tài)-altered states of consciousness 無意識(shí)-unconsciousness 前意識(shí)-preconsciousness 內(nèi)省法-introspection 邊緣注意-peripheral attention 多重人格-mul

15、tiple personality午餐排隊(duì)(雞尾酒會(huì))效應(yīng)lunch line(cocktail party) effect 自動(dòng)化歷程-automatic process 解離-dissociate 解離認(rèn)同失常-dissociative identity disorder 快速眼動(dòng)睡眠-REM dream 非快速眼動(dòng)睡眠NREM dream神志清醒的夢-lucid dreaming 失眠-insomnia顯性與隱性夢-manifest & latern content 心理活動(dòng)性psychoactive 冥想-meditation 抗藥性- tolerance 戒斷-withdrawal感

16、覺剝奪-sensory deprivation 物質(zhì)濫用-substance abuse成癮-physical addiction 物質(zhì)依賴-sub. dependence戒斷癥狀-withdrawal symptom 興奮劑-stimulant幻覺（迷幻）劑-hallucinogen 鎮(zhèn)定劑-sedative抑制劑-depressant 酒精中毒引起譫妄delirium tremens 麻醉劑-narcotic 催眠-hypnosis 催眠后暗示-posthypnotic suggestion 催眠后失憶 posthypnotic amnesia超心理學(xué)-parapsychology 超感知

17、覺extrasensory perception ESP心電感應(yīng)-telepathy 超感視-clairvoyance 預(yù)知-precognition心理動(dòng)力psycokinesis PK 受納器-receptor 絕對閾-absolute threshold差異閾-difference threshold 恰辨差- -JND韋伯律-Webers law 心理物理-psychophysical費(fèi)雪納定律-Fechners law 頻率-frequency振幅-amplitude 音頻-pitch 基音-fundamental tone 倍音-overtone 和諧音-harmonic 音色-t

18、imbre白色噪音-white noise 鼓膜-eardrum耳蝸-cochlea 卵形窗oval window圓形窗-round window 前庭-vestibular sacs半規(guī)管-semicircular canals 角膜-cornea水晶體-lens 虹膜-iris 瞳孔-pupil 網(wǎng)膜-retina睫狀肌-ciliary muscle 調(diào)節(jié)作用-accommodation脊髓-spinal cord 反射弧-reflex arc腦干-brain stem 計(jì)算機(jī)軸性線斷層掃描- CAT 或CTPET-正子放射斷層攝影 MRI-磁共振顯影延腦-medulla 橋腦-pons

19、小腦-cerebellum網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)-reticular formation RAS-網(wǎng)狀活化系統(tǒng)視丘-thalamus 下視丘-hypothalamus 大腦-cerebrum 腦（下）垂體（腺）pituitary gland 腦半球-cerebral hemisphere 皮質(zhì)-cortex 胼胝體-corpus callosum 邊緣系統(tǒng)-limbic system 海馬體-hippocampus 杏仁核-amygdala 中央溝-central fissure 側(cè)溝-lateral fissure 腦葉-lobe 同卵雙生子-identical twins 異卵雙生子fraternal

20、twins古典制約-classical conditioning 操作制約-operant conditioning非制約刺激(US unconditioned stimulus非制約反應(yīng)(UR)unconditioned R.制約刺激-(CS) conditioned S. 制約反應(yīng)-(CR)conditioned R.習(xí)(獲)得-acquisition 增強(qiáng)作用-reinforcement消除(弱)-extinction 自(發(fā)性)然恢復(fù)-spontaneous recovery前行制約forward conditioning 同時(shí)制約-simultaneous conditioning回

21、溯制約-backward cond. 痕跡制約trace conditioning延宕制約delay conditioning 類化(梯度)-generalization (gradient)區(qū)辨-discrimination (次級(jí))增強(qiáng)物-(secondary) reinforcer嫌惡刺激-aversive stimulus 試誤學(xué)習(xí)-trial and error learning效果率-law of effect 正(負(fù))性增強(qiáng)物positive (negative) rei. 行為塑造behavior shaping 循序漸進(jìn)-successive approximation自行塑

22、造autoshaping 部分(連續(xù))增強(qiáng)partial (continuous)R定比(時(shí))時(shí)制fixed ratio (interval) schedule FR或FI變化比率(時(shí)距)時(shí)制variable ratio (interval) schedule VR或VI逃離反應(yīng)-escape R. 回避反應(yīng)avoidance response習(xí)得無助-learned helplessness 頓悟-insight學(xué)習(xí)心向learning set 隱內(nèi)(潛在)學(xué)習(xí)-latent learning認(rèn)知地圖-cognitive map生理回饋-biofeedback敏感遞減法-systematic desensitization 普里邁克原則Premacks principle洪水法-fl