大學(xué)英語預(yù)備級(jí)Unit1

1、Text AText BWatch the Video Clip and DiscussGraham E. FullerTurkish: An Agglutinative LanguageEnglish Tongue TwisterAn English JokeText AText AText BText AText BWatch the video clip and discuss the following questions.1. What is the whole sentence that the lady tries to teach the gentleman?2. In wha

2、t way does the lady teach the gentleman to pronounce the sentence?3. Have you ever heard of “automaticity”? What does it mean in foreign language learning?Text AText BGraham E. Fuller Graham E. Fuller, the writer, is an expert in languages. He has studied sixteen languages, including French, German,

3、 Persian, Japanese, Turkish, Chinese, Arabic, Greek, Russian and even Esperanto. During his career with the Foreign Service, Graham and his family spent more than seventeen years overseas, so he has a good understanding of learning and using a foreign language.Text AText BTurkish: An Agglutinative L

4、anguage Turkish is an agglutinative language, which means a fairly large number of suffixes may be added to a root, something like “beads on a string”. Each suffix has one meaning or grammatical function. Statements that typically require several words in English are oftenrepresented by one word in

5、Turkish. An example of this agglutinative nature is the sentence we are in your houses. This is translated in Turkish by the single word evlerinizdeyiz, which isText AText Bformed by the root ev (house) + -ler (plural) + -iniz (possessive suffix meaning “your”) + -de (locative meaning “in” or “at”)

6、+ -yiz (meaning “we are”). In short, you can make whole sentences in Turkish out of one little root and a lot of suffixes.Text AText BEnglish Tongue TwisterText AText BPeter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper.Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled pepper?If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pe

7、pper,Wheres the peck of pickled pepper Peter Piper picked?Tongue Twister of the DayText AText BAn English JokeGo through the joke and guess what Mike says at last, then fill in the blank.Peter: Im in a big trouble!Mike: Why is that?Peter: I saw a mouse in my house!Mike: Oh, well, all you need to do

8、is use a trap.Peter: I dont have one.Mike: Well then, buy one.Text AText BMike: All you need to do is just use some cheese in order to make the mouse come to the trap.Peter: I dont have any cheese.Mike: Okay then, take a piece of bread and put a bit of oil in it and put it in the trap.Peter: I dont

9、have oil.Mike: Well, then put only a small piece of bread.Peter: I dont have bread.Mike: Then ?! what is the mouse doing at your house_Peter: Cant afford one.Mike: I can give you mine if you want.Peter: That sounds good.Text AText BPart Division of the TextFurther UnderstandingFor Part 1 Questions a

10、nd AnswersFor Part 2 Sentence CompletionFor Part 3 Multiple ChoiceWarm-up ExerciseText AText AText BPart Division of the TextPartsParagraphsMain ideas11 324 637 8Try to think in a foreign language without translating.Instead of translating words, you learn to associate the new sound directly with th

11、e image in your mind.You need to learn to associate sounds with objects, and to think in a new way.Text AText B1. How did you learn what a tree was when you were a child?For Part 1 Questions and AnswersRead Part 1 carefully and answer the following questions.Somebody had to tell you. Probably your p

12、arents took you outside, pointed to a tree and said, “Tree!”2. Why these various words “tree”, “baum”, “shajra”, and “shu” are not themselves “trees”?Because they are just some of the many hundreds of different sounds used in the world to represent that great big green leafy thing.Text AText BFor Pa

13、rt 2 Sentence Completion1. To learn a foreign language you must .Read Part 2 carefully and supply the missing information.of translating wordsget away from the idea2. You will never learn to really a foreign language if you have to translate everything.speak and understand_ 3. You will instead be fr

14、om one language to the other. substituting groups of words or ideas_ _ _ Text AText B1. You learn to think in the language simply by the language over and over again.Read Part 3 carefully and choose the best answer for each question.For Part 3 Multiple ChoiceA_ A) using B) translating C) thinking ab

15、out D) addingText AText B2. What does one language depend on when it chooses to group the ideas?D_ A) The speaker.B) The translator.C) The interpreter.D) The language itself.Text AText BWarm-up ExerciseComplete the following sentences according to the text. Only one word can be put in each blank and

16、 the first letter of the word is provided.1. When you are learning a foreign language, you must learn to connect s with objects directly, just as a child learning his / her n language does.2. Tree, baum, shajra and shu are all n for that big green leafy thing. They themselves are not that big green

17、leafy thing.ounds_ ative_ ames_Text AText B3. Translation takes too much time and mental e .4. We can build a house using materials of different sizes and s . Similarly, each language may use different n of words to express the same meaning. We should learn to think in terms of g of ideas rather tha

18、n single words.5. According to the author, learning to think in a foreign language can be done simply by u the language again and again.nergy_ hapes_ umbers_ roups_ sing_ Text AText B How can you learn a foreign language well? According to the author of this text, you might need to think in a new wa

19、y, a process almost like going back to childhood once again Text AText AText B When you were a child, you didnt know what a tree was at first. Somebody had to tell you. Probably your parents took you outside, pointed to a tree and said, “Tree!” You had to learn to associate the sound of the word “tr

20、ee” with the big green leafy thing you saw in front of you. Learning to Think All Over AgainGraham E. FullerText AText B Thats what you must learn to do again when you are learning a foreign language. You need to learn to associate sounds with objects, and to think in a new way. Only this time, sinc

21、e you are grown up, you will be able to understand what needs to be done much faster. Youll know why somebody is pointing to a tree and saying a strange word. But youll still have to learn the new word. You may even have to relearn it many times before you finally actually learn it.Text AText B Ther

22、e is an important idea here. In America our name for that big green leafy thing is “tree,” but in Germany the name for that thing is “Baum.” In Arab countries the name is “shajra.” And in China they say “shu”. These various words are not themselves “trees”. They are just some of the many hundreds of

23、 different sounds used in the world to represent that great big green leafy thing.Text AText B To learn a foreign language you must get away from the idea of translating words. Translating takes too much time and mental energy. You will never learn to really speak and understand a foreign language i

24、f you have to translate everything. Instead, learn to associate the new sound directly with the image in your mind. So when we hear the sound “Baum” or “shajra” or “shu”, we dont want to think, “Hmmmm. Baum means tree, which means that great big green leafy thing.” Text AText B Dont think that the c

25、hallenge of new thinking will be limited only to the area of new words; it is going to go much deeper than that. Lets use an analogy: you can build a house using materials of very different sizes and shapes. English uses one set of building blocks, but other languages will use different-shaped build

26、ing blocks that take some creativity to put together at first. Where we use two blocks, they may use three smaller ones or maybe one large one.Text AText B Heres an example of an English sentence: We have to buy a few books before going home. When translating into almost any foreign language you wil

27、l not take each English word and substitute a foreign word for it. You will instead be substituting groups of words or ideas from one language to the other. How each language will choose to group the ideas depends on the language. In French or Spanish, for example, we have to buy is broken down into

28、 three words: we / have to / buy. In Turkish, however, the Turks are able to reduce all these four words to only one.Text AText B So learn to start thinking in terms of bundles of concepts or ideas that will be converted to new language and not single words. Try to think in a foreign language. This

29、isnt all that hard. You learn to think in the language simply by using the language over and over again, asking and answering simple questions until you feel comfortable with the process. Then you add some new words, and a few more new situations, and practice using them together with all the words

30、you learned in previous lessons. Bit by bit you build up skill.Text AText B Once you really get into the language, youll understand all this a good deal better. Somebody will be saying something quite fast and youll suddenly realize that you understood it all! Its a great moment. Really satisfying.

31、You probably wouldnt be able to repeat the words, or even know how it was that you understood it all. But its a sign that the language is starting to sink into your mind. Youre beginning to understand without translating.Text AText Baccording to: as stated by (sb. or sth.)根據(jù)，按照，據(jù)說Examples: Youve bee

32、n in prison six times according to our records. Fill up the form according to the instructions.C.F.: in accordance with sth.: in agreement or harmony with sth. 依照，與一致Examples: You cant behave only in accordance with your wishes. Every driver must act in accordance with traffic rules and regulations.

33、Text AText Bprocess: series of actions or operations performed in order to do, make or achieve sth.過程，程序，步驟Example: This decision may delay the process of European unification. procedure (for sth./doing sth.): action or series of actions (to be) completed in order to achieve sth.Example: Whats the p

34、rocedure for opening a bank account?Text AText Bprobably: most likely 很可能Examples: Jack was probably drunk and that caused him to drive off the road. John probably told his father all about the matter; he usually tells him everything.Text AText Bpoint: v. direct peoples attention towards sb. / sth.

35、by extending ones finger towards it; direct, aim 用手指向；瞄準(zhǔn)；對(duì)準(zhǔn)Examples: She pointed to a red house on the corner and said, “Thats where I live.” Its not polite to point at someone.Text AText Bassociate: connect sb. or sth. in your mind with sb. or sth. elseExamples: Most people associate this brand wit

36、h good quality. Some men always associate enjoying themselves with drinking a lot of beer.association: n. 協(xié)會(huì)，聯(lián)盟，社團(tuán)；聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想Text AText Bobject: n. sth. that can be seen or touched 物體（客體），實(shí)物；目標(biāo)；賓語Examples: On my desk there were objects of all shapes and sizes. At sunset a bright moving object appeared in

37、 the sky.subject: n. 主題，課目；主語；國(guó)民Examples: My favorite subject at school was history. He is a British subject.Text AText Bactually: in factExamples: He seems so quiet, but actually he likes to talk very much. I didnt actually see Jane; I just heard her voice.Text AText BExamples: The store carries va

38、rious items, such as clothes and furniture. Of all the various ways of cooking an egg, I like boiling best.variety: n. 多樣，種類a variety of sth.: a number or range of different thingsExamples: He left for a variety of reasons. There is a large variety of patterns to choose from.various: of different ki

39、ndsText AText Brepresent:(1) be a sign or symbol of (sth.) 表示，象征Examples: To many people the Queen represents the former glory of Britain. The blue lines on the map represent subways.Text AText B(2) act or speak for (another person or group of people) 代表（某人、某團(tuán)體）Examples: The pop singer chose a famou

40、s lawyer to represent him in court. This law firm is representing the families who have suffered from the flood.Text AText BOnly this time, since you are grown up, you will be able to understand what needs to be done much faster. The word “only” here means “but; except that”.Another example:She want

41、s to go, only she hasnt got enough money for the trip.Text AText Bget away from:(1) do sth. in a different way from what is usual or expectedExamples: The problem with being a fast-food restaurant is that its difficult to get away from the greasy burger image. They wanted to get away from the busy t

42、imetables of the past.Text AText B(2) escape from sth.Examples: I ate the meal inside the tent to get away from the wind. This town is a lovely place to get away from the pressures of everyday life.Text AText BTranslating takes too much time and mental energy.You have to spend a lot of time and ment

43、al energy in translating.Text AText Binstead: as a replacementExamples: Alice never studies. Instead, she watches television all day. Theres nothing on at the cinema. Lets go to the park instead.Text AText Bdirect: with nothing or no one in betweenExamples: We have little time, so we must go the mos

44、t direct route. There is no direct train to London so we have to change.directly: in a direct line or mannerExamples: He refused to answer my question directly. Go directly to school and do not stop on the way.Text AText Bimage: (1) a picture formed in the mind Examples: This young man doesnt fit my

45、 image of how an actor should look. I had an image of New York in my head that was totally different from how it really is.Text AText B(2) the way that sb. or sth. is thought of by other peopleExamples: This supermarket has made great efforts to improve its image in recent years. We must not do anyt

46、hing that would harm our image.Text AText Bmental: of, in or to the mindExamples: To go through the event, you need an enormous mental effort. This experience caused him much mental suffering.Antonym: physicalText AText BDont think that the challenge of new thinking will be limited only to the area

47、of new words; it is going to go much deeper than that. The challenge of new thinking is not only limited to the areas of new words, but something else beyond that.Text AText BWhere we use two blocks, they may use three smaller ones or maybe one large one.Here the conjunction “where” is used for show

48、ing differences. It is used when you compare two persons, things, actions, etc. and show how they are different. Another example:Where other men might have admitted defeat, Wallace fought back with renewed strength.Text AText Bchallenge(n.) sth. needing great effort in order to be done successfullyE

49、xamples: One of the biggest challenges facing the government is that of creating new jobs and new industries. I am finding my new job an exciting challenge. Text AText B(vt.) test the abilities of a person or thingExamples: Charlene only likes to study something that really challenges her. The diffi

50、cult courses at school challenged Jacks ability to make good grades.Text AText Blimit sb. / sth. (to sth.): restrict sb. / sth.Examples: We must try and limit our expenditure. I shall limit myself to three aspects of the subject.Text AText Banalogy: a comparison between two situations, processes, et

51、c. that is intended to show that the two are similar Examples: People often draw an analogy between the brain and a computer. You could make an analogy between the human body and a car engine.Text AText Bmaterial: substance from which sth. is or can be madeExamples: Stone is often used as a building

52、 material. This new material is strong but it is also very light.Text AText Bblock: a solid piece of a hard substance used in constructionExamples: The floor was made of wooden blocks. Theres a large block of ice on the road.Text AText Bput together: (1) make (sth.) by joining all its partsExamples:

53、 Jack helped his sister put together a model plane. The bowl broke into so many pieces that I cant put it back together again.Text AText B(2) prepare a piece of work by collecting several ideas and suggestions and organizing them Examples: The management of the company has put together a plan to sel

54、l its new product. I have to put my thoughts together before preparing the actual speech.Text AText Bsubstitute: (v.) use sth. or sb. instead of another thing or person; be used insteadExamples: The young teacher had to substitute for her sick colleague. We substituted red balls for blue, to see if

55、the baby would notice.Text AText B(n.) a person or thing used in place of anotherExamples: There is no substitute for good eating and exercise if you want to keep fit. Tofu can be used as a meat substitute for people who eat only vegetables.Text AText Bchoose: select; decide and pick outExamples: Li

56、nda had to choose between two job offers. Well let you choose where we should go for a picnic.Text AText Bgroup: gather or form (sb. / sth.) into a group or groupsExamples: The police grouped themselves around the demonstrators. Group together in fours!Text AText Bdepend on:(1) decided byExamples: T

57、he success of the meeting depends on whether the chairman is efficient. Tomorrows picnic depends on our having good weather.(2) rely onExamples: The student depends on his relatives for support. Her family depends on her salary from that job.Text AText Bbreak down into: separate (sth.) into partsExa

58、mples: Katie broke her expenses down into food, housing, travel and personal costs. This research project has been broken down into parts for different teams to work on. Text AText Bthe Turks are able to reduce all these four words to only one. This part means “the Turks are able to use simply one w

59、ord instead of four”. English uses only a few suffixes (后綴), such as -s for possessive, -s or -es for plural. However, in Turkish, there are many suffixes, and words and sentences are made by adding suffixes to a root-word. Sometimes a Turkish word can get very long, with all the meaning buried in t

60、he sequence of suffixes piled together in a particular order.Text AText Breduce: make (sth.) smaller in size, quantity, number, degree, etc. Examples: The plane reduced speed when it was near the airport. My weight reduces when I stop eating sugar.Text AText Bbundle: a number of things that are held