語法填空專題講解

1、高高中中英語語法填空英語語法填空Rational ClozeRational Cloze解題技巧解題技巧Learning goals:1. To learn some rules and skills about the rational cloze.2. To improve the students ability of the rational cloze by mastering some skills and doing exercises.語語 法法詞法詞法句法句法章法章法慣用法慣用法v思考：面對語法填空中如此繁雜的語法點，我們思考：面對語法填空中如此繁雜的語法點，我們到底該怎樣入

2、手呢到底該怎樣入手呢? 虛虛詞詞冠詞冠詞a, an, the介詞介詞in, at, on, with, without, for, by, from, before, after, through, over, under.并列連詞并列連詞 (連接并列句連接并列句)并列關(guān)系：并列關(guān)系：and, or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but (also), both.and轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but, yet因果關(guān)系：因果關(guān)系：for, so從從句句引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)詞詞定語從句定語從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞which, that, who(m), as, w

3、hosewhen, where, why名詞性從句名詞性從句連接詞連接詞that, whether, if連接代詞連接代詞what(ever), who(ever)連接副詞連接副詞when, where, why, how狀語從句狀語從句從屬連詞從屬連詞when, while, as, since, until, where, because, although, though, if, so that, such that, before, after.實實詞詞動詞動詞謂語動詞：時態(tài)，語態(tài)謂語動詞：時態(tài)，語態(tài), 主謂一致主謂一致非謂語動詞：非謂語動詞：-ing，-ed，to do及變形及變形

4、名詞名詞單復(fù)數(shù)單復(fù)數(shù)形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞 比較級、最高級；反義詞比較級、最高級；反義詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換詞性轉(zhuǎn)換Task Task 1 1: : 題型解讀題型解讀思考：思考：高中英語試卷語法填空以什么方式出題？高中英語試卷語法填空以什么方式出題？ 1. 挖空挖空 處要求填入適當?shù)膯卧~。處要求填入適當?shù)膯卧~。2. 設(shè)設(shè)題方式分為題方式分為 和和 _10純空格型有提示詞型 語法填空題語法填空題空格設(shè)計空格設(shè)計純空格純空格有有提提示示詞詞給出了動詞的試題給出了動詞的試題詞類詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題詞類詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題謂語動詞，非謂語動詞謂語動詞，非謂語動詞,名詞，形容詞，副詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，形容詞或副詞的比較級形容詞或副

5、詞的比較級或最高級或最高級u一、純空格試題的解題技巧一、純空格試題的解題技巧 無提示詞無提示詞4.I can send a message to Ken whenever I want to, and _ gets there almost in a second. 考點歸納考點歸納:(1-3 )名詞前面名詞前面 若沒有限定詞（定冠詞，不定若沒有限定詞（定冠詞，不定冠詞，形容詞性物主代詞，不定代詞冠詞，形容詞性物主代詞，不定代詞),很可能考查很可能考查限定詞限定詞。(4)(4)主句缺主語或賓語，主句缺主語或賓語，很可能考查很可能考查代詞。代詞。it 無提示詞無提示詞 與名詞相連構(gòu)成介賓短語擔任

6、狀語與名詞相連構(gòu)成介賓短語擔任狀語, ,補語等補語等 與不及物動詞構(gòu)成動詞短語接賓語與不及物動詞構(gòu)成動詞短語接賓語The science institute spends about 3.5 million dollars every year _ robot research. 考點歸納考點歸納: 介詞的基本用法及慣用搭配介詞的基本用法及慣用搭配介詞介詞 的使用要注意的使用要注意搭配搭配和和上下文語境上下文語境提示。提示。 無提示詞無提示詞 He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy.2 a

7、ll I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted(使融化使融化/軟化軟化) me _ gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. 考點歸納考點歸納: 同一個主語同一個主語發(fā)出兩個或幾個動作，且發(fā)出兩個或幾個動作，且時時態(tài)一致態(tài)一致，中間沒有連詞，一定是填中間沒有連詞，一定是填連詞連詞( (并列連詞并列連詞和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞）和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞）。( (并列連詞和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞）并列連詞和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞）1. Whenever he was discouraged or faced wi

8、th difficult problems he would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautiful child _ had put it there. 2. It sang the sweetest melody(曲調(diào)曲調(diào)) _ she had ever heard.3. The house _ window are broken is empty. who/that考點歸納考點歸納：定語從句中缺主語定語從句中缺主語,賓語或定語，一定賓語或定語，一定是填適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞，

9、如：是填適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞，如：who, that, which, whom，whose。 that whose 定語從句-關(guān)系代詞考點歸納：考點歸納：定語從句定語從句 中缺中缺地點狀語地點狀語用用_, 缺缺時間狀語時間狀語用用_，缺缺原因狀語原因狀語用用_。1. These are the reasons _ we do it.2.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.3. I can still remember the moment _ the s

10、pace stewardess called us all to the capsule. where why when where why when 定語從句-關(guān)系副詞1.I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached _ looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.2.We heard the news _ our team had won.3. _ interested her most was the longitude li

11、ne.4.The question is _ we should go on with the work. what考點歸納：考點歸納：名詞性從句包括主語從句，賓語從句，名詞性從句包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句。要注意表語從句和同位語從句。要注意what引導(dǎo)名詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法。性從句的用法。 that What 名詞性從句 賓從 同位語從句 主從 whether 表從1._ they arrived at dry land, the elder went her own way.2._ it rains tomorrow, I wont go.3.He was so tir

12、ed _ he couldnt go.4._ he is poor, hes still happy.5.Please put the medicine_ children cant reach it.6. He cant come _ he is ill. When 考點歸納：考點歸納：狀語從句包括時間狀語從句，條件狀語從句，狀語從句包括時間狀語從句，條件狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，地點狀語從句，原因狀結(jié)果狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，地點狀語從句，原因狀語從句，目的狀語從句和方式狀語從句。語從句，目的狀語從句和方式狀語從句。 狀語從句 If thatAlthough where bec

13、auseu二、給出了提示詞型的解題技巧二、給出了提示詞型的解題技巧考點歸納：句中沒有謂語，或者雖然已有謂語動考點歸納：句中沒有謂語，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的詞與已存在謂語主語一致，且中間詞，但需填的詞與已存在謂語主語一致，且中間有并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連詞時，需填的詞則是謂語動詞有并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連詞時，需填的詞則是謂語動詞,就就要考慮時態(tài)和語態(tài)，時態(tài)考慮要瞻前顧后。要考慮時態(tài)和語態(tài)，時態(tài)考慮要瞻前顧后。1. But things_ (change) when he came to the new school.2.Right after he _ (rescue) by the soldiers fro

14、m the ruins,he saluted and smiled to them.3. Since the beginning of history, people _(use) rivers for transportation.changed was rescued 1）動詞謂語動詞have used 考點歸納：考點歸納：若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定用詞就要確定用 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞doing，過去分詞，過去分詞done，還是不定式還是不定式 to do 。非謂

15、語的形式一定要考慮。非謂語的形式一定要考慮它它與其邏輯主語之間與其邏輯主語之間 的關(guān)系。的關(guān)系。1. _ (use) for a long time, the book looks old.2._(use) the book, I find it useful.3._ (see) from the hill, the city looks like a big garden.4.I looked at the pair of small objects _ (call) “thoughtpads” on a table.Used Using 2)動詞非謂語動詞(1)Seencalled1. H

16、e saw the stone, _(say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”2. The headmaster went into the lab, _ (follow) by the foreign guests.saying 考點歸納：考點歸納：分詞作伴隨狀語，原因狀語，條分詞作伴隨狀語，原因狀語，條件狀語等時，要看它與邏輯主語的關(guān)系確定件狀語等時，要看它與邏輯主語的關(guān)系確定形式。形式。與句中主語句中主語是主動主動關(guān)系使用現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞；與句中主語句中主語是被動被動關(guān)系使用過去分詞過去分詞。followed 非謂語動詞(2)1. _

17、(complet) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.To complete 考點歸納：考點歸納：作目的狀語或者在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，作目的狀語或者在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般用一般用to do形式形式。2. The young student did all that he could _ (pass)the examinations.to pass 非謂語動詞(3)3 3）詞類轉(zhuǎn)換）詞類轉(zhuǎn)換1.Because only Time is capable of understanding how _ (value) Lo

18、ve is.2.His smile was like sunshine which warmed people who were in _ (sad) .3.The girl was _ (frighten) that he would fly away.4. “Now pull up the second.”The youth obeyed but found that the task was _ (difficult).5.“Thirty-five cents,”she said _ (rude).6.It would be _ (believe) that such an honest

19、 man should have betrayed his friends.valuablesadnessfrightenedmore difficult rudelyunbelievable根據(jù)語義根據(jù)語義, , 確定詞確定詞形形分析句子分析句子, ,確定詞確定詞性性解題四步走解題四步走提示：四步走歸根到提示：四步走歸根到底其實就是底其實就是尋找依尋找依據(jù)據(jù)每一個語法填空每一個語法填空的空格里所需的單詞的空格里所需的單詞或短語其實都可以在或短語其實都可以在所在的句子中或所在的句子中或者上下文中者上下文中找到找到它的依據(jù)它的依據(jù)通讀全文通讀全文, ,理解大意理解大意檢查搭配檢查搭配, , 前后

20、連貫前后連貫Experts say there are several ways to deal with stress. They include deep breathing and a method of guided thought called meditation. They also include exercise, eating healthy foods, getting enough rest and balancing the time 16 (spend)working and playing. Exercise is one of 17 most effective

21、 stress-reduction measures. Running, walking or playing sports causes physical changes 18 make you feel better. Exercise also improves the bodys defense system 19 disease. And studies have found that 20 helps protect against a decrease in mental ability. spentthethat/whichagainstitgrammar knowledgesentence analysis固定搭配固定搭配u D