高考倒裝句詳解及練習

1、倒裝句英語最基本的語序是主語在前，謂語動詞在后。但有時由于句子結構的需要或表示強調，就要采用倒裝形式。將謂語動詞完全移到主語之前稱為完全倒裝，只將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放到主語之前稱為部分倒裝。強調性倒裝和以so, neither, nor開頭的句子是高考例題的熱點。一、完全倒裝用法歸納完全倒裝，即將謂語移到主語前。英語中構成完全倒裝的情形主要有：1. here 和there位于句首時的倒裝表示地點的here和 there位于句首時，其后用完全倒裝形式。這類倒裝句的謂語通常是動詞be和come, go等表示移動或動態(tài)的不及物動詞：Heres Tom. 湯姆在這里。Theres Jim. 吉姆在那兒。

2、Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。There goes the bell. 鈴響了。There goes the last train. 最后一班火車開走了?！咀⒁狻?1) 以上倒裝句中的謂語動詞come和go不能用進行時態(tài)，即不能說 Here is coming the bus。(2) 若主語為代詞，則不倒裝：Here I am. 我在這兒。/ 我來了。Here it comes. 它來了。(3) 其中的動詞有時也可能是stand, lie, live等表示狀態(tài)的動詞(表示存在)：There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墻放著一張書桌。

3、Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 從前有個人名叫比夫。2. away和down等位于句首時的倒裝地點副詞away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首時，其后用完全倒裝語序。這類倒裝句的謂語通常表示動態(tài)的不及物動詞：Away went the runners. 賽跑選手們跑遠了。Round and round flew the plane. 飛機盤旋著。The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 門開了，史密斯先生進了來。Do

4、wn came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，傘都撐起來了?！咀⒁狻咳糁髡Z為人稱代詞，則不能用倒裝：Away he went. 他跑遠了。Down it came. 它掉了下來。3. 狀語或表語位于句首時的倒裝為了保持句子平衡或使上下文銜接緊密，有時可將狀語或表語置于句首，句中主語和謂語完全倒裝：Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在這些人當中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗戶邊坐著一個年輕人，手里拿

5、著一本雜志?！咀⒁狻吭诒碚Z置于句首的這類倒裝結構中，要注意其中的謂語應與其后的主語保持一致，而不是與位于句首的表語保持一致。比較：In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只貓。In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些貓。有這樣一道題: In the letter _ these words，“I love you”.A. wasB. wereC. sawD. found此題應選B。選項A，C，D都有可能被誤選。對于此題，考生首先要弄清它是一個倒裝句，其正常詞序為：These words I love you were in the letter. 為了結

6、構緊湊和平衡，才使用此倒裝句式。又如：輪船上有2000余人。正：On the ship were more than 2000 people. 正：More than 2000 people were on the ship. 值得注意的是，以上這類倒裝句，還涉及主謂一致問題：墻后是一些高樹子。正：Behind the wall are some tall trees. 誤：Behind the wall is some tall trees. 老師四周圍著一些年輕的學生。正：Around the teacher were some young students. 誤：Around the t

7、eacher was some young students. 這兩座山之間有一個小村莊。正：Between the two hills was a small village. 誤：Between the two hills were a small village. 盒子里有一些小球。正：In the box are some small balls. 誤：In the box is some small balls. 這類句子，有的考生之所出錯，是因為他們把句首的介詞短語看作主語，從而把謂語與介詞短語中的名詞保持一致。關于這個問題，有個比較簡單的方法可以判定：即在英語中介詞短語通常不能作

8、主語，假若一個句子的主語位置是一個介詞短語，考生應考慮是否是一個倒裝句。4. 分詞和不定式置于句首的倒裝有時為了強調，可將謂語部分的現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞或不定式置于句首，從而構成倒裝：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一個古老的村莊被埋在這沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列問題要仔細考慮。二、部分倒裝用法歸納部分倒裝，即將主語與助動詞倒置，其結構與一般

9、疑問句大致相同。英語中構成部分倒裝的主要情形有：1. 含否定意義的詞(如 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means，under no circumstances，on no account，In no case，On no condition，no way等)置于句首時，其后用部分倒裝。如：Never have I seen read such a book. 我從未讀過那樣的書。Little do we know his li

10、fe. 我們對他的生活了解得很少。By no means should you tell him about it. 你絕不要告訴他這事。Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 他幾乎沒時間聽音樂。No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我們剛到機場,飛機就起飛了。Not until we lose our health do we realize its value. 等到失去了健康，才明白它的價值。Under no circumstances are ch

11、ildren allowed in the bar. 在任何情況下也不能允許兒童進酒吧。On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 他如要給你錢，你可絕不能接受。 No way will I go on working for that man. 我不再給那個人工作了。涉及not onlybut also的部分倒裝not onlybut also前后連接兩個句子時，not only后的句子要用部分倒裝，但but also后的分句不用倒裝。如：Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she

12、 also knows how to type. 她不但會說西班牙語，還會打字呢。Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不僅是一位教師，而且是一位詩人。Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 他們不但做了音樂表演，而且簡短地介紹了西方銅管樂器的歷史。2. only 加狀語(副詞 / 介詞短語 / 從句)放在句

13、首時，其后用部分倒裝。如：Only in this way can you do it well. 只有這樣你才能做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 當他回到家里時，才知道出了什么事。注意：在only后作狀語的是從句時，從句不要用倒裝，要部分倒裝的是主句。如： Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 當他回到家里時，才知道出了什么事。Only when we landed did we see how badly the

14、plane had been damaged. 我們只是在著陸之后才看到飛機損壞的嚴重程度。3. so / neither / nor 表示前面所說的情況也適合于后者時，用“so / neither / nor+助動詞+主語”這樣的倒裝句式。使句此句型需注意以下幾點：內容是肯定時，用so，內容是否定時，用neither或nor；“特殊詞”與前句中的情態(tài)動詞、助動詞或be相同，或根據(jù)前句的時態(tài)，用do, does, did；“特殊詞”的人稱和數(shù)與其后的主語一致；“特殊詞”本身沒有否定形式。如：He can sing English songs and so can I. 他會唱英語歌，我也會。H

15、e didnt see the film, and neither did I. 他沒有看這部電影，我也沒有看。She is every beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很美，她媽媽年輕時也很美。4. 當虛擬條件句含有 were, should, had 時，可省略 if，將 were, should, had 置于句首。如：Were I Tom(=If I were Tom), I would refuse. 如果我是湯姆，我就會拒絕。Had I realized that(=If I had realized tha

16、t), I would have done something. 我要是明白了這一點，我可能會采取某種行動(from )。5. so.that 結構中，將 so+adj. / adv. 置于句首時，其后要用倒裝語序。如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣太冷，我們只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我們幾乎沒法想像它的速度。類似地，當suchthat結構的such置于句首時，such后的句子也要使用部分倒

17、裝。如：Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 他像個很和藹的人，所以我們都喜歡他。三、涉及讓步狀語從句的五類倒裝請看下面一道考題：_, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A. A quiet student as he may beB. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student這道題很有一定難度。具體說來，它主要涉及兩

18、個考點：一是讓步狀語從句倒裝后的詞序問題。讓步狀語從句之所以要采用倒裝結構，主要是為了強調位于句首的名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞等，其詞序形式為：被強調的成分+as / though + 主語+動詞。二是在倒裝的讓步狀語從句中，位于句首的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞是否帶冠詞的問題。按照英語習慣，英語中的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞在泛指時，一般要有不定冠詞的修飾，但是位于倒裝讓步狀語從句句首的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞是個例外，即使泛指其前也不加不定冠詞。由此可知，上面這道考題的答案應為B。為了幫助同學們全面掌握讓步狀語從句的倒裝用法，本文將這類語法現(xiàn)象歸納為以下五種句型：（一）、名詞+as / though+主語+動詞King as he

19、 was, he was unhappy. 他雖是國王，但他并不幸福。Child as he is, he knows to help other. 他雖是個孩子，但卻知道幫助別人。Teacher though he is, he cant know everything. 他雖然是老師，但也不可能什么都懂。【說明】其中的動詞通常為連系動詞，也就是說位于句首的名詞是其后連系動詞的表語。另外，要特別注意位于句首的名詞前習慣上不用冠詞，即使其前有形容詞修飾也不用冠詞。比較：Boy as though he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though Althou

20、gh he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 他雖是男孩，卻喜歡與女孩子玩。Strong man as though he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though Although he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波賽將軍雖然堅強，但在過去的數(shù)周里也受到了嚴峻的考

21、驗。二、形容詞+as / though+主語+動詞Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖然成功，但不驕傲。Improbable as it seems, its true. 雖然看起來不太可能，但卻是真的。Stupid as it sounds，I was so in love with her that I believed her. 盡管聽起來很愚蠢，我是如此愛她竟然相信了她的話。Patient as he was，he didnt like waiting that long. 他雖說有耐心，也不愿等這么長。Beautiful though th

22、e necklace was，we thought it was over-priced. 那條項鏈雖然很漂亮，我們認為價錢太高?！菊f明】其中的動詞也通常為連系動詞，也就是說位于句首的形容詞是其后連系動詞的表語。三、副詞+as / though+主語+動詞Much as I like Paris, I couldnt live there. 盡管我喜歡巴黎，但我不能住在那里。Hard though they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind. 盡管他們做了很大努力，卻沒法讓她改變主意。Fast as you read, you cant

23、finish the book in two days. 盡管你讀得很快，你總不能在兩天之內就讀完這本書。He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 盡管他做了努力，卻未能取得很大進步?！菊f明】有的詞典將much as 作為習語看待，認為它是一個用以引導讓步狀語從句的復合連詞。再如：Much as I admire him as a writer，I do not like him as a man. 他作為一名作家我很佩服他，但我卻不喜歡他這個人。Much as I like you, I couldnt live with

24、you. 我盡管很喜歡你, 卻不能和你在一起生活。四、動詞原形+as / though+主語+動詞Object as you may, Ill go. 縱使你反對，我也要去。Try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem. 盡管他想方設法，卻未解決這個問題。Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 無論怎樣搜查，他們在房子里仍然沒有找到一個人。Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 盡管我們不喜歡他，

25、但必須承認他的偉大。Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience. 錢雖然丟了，我們卻得到了許多經驗。Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 盡管落選了，但他卻以其反對奴隸制的激烈演說而出了名?！菊f明】主語后的動詞通常為may, might, would, did 等情態(tài)動詞或助動詞(若表示情態(tài)意義，則選用情態(tài)動詞；若陳述事實，則用did, do 等助動詞)。五、分詞+as / though+主語+動詞Raini

26、ng hard as it is, Im going out for a walk. 雖然正在下著大雨，我還是要出去散步。Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 雖然我們被敵人包圍著，但我們還是設法前進了。Munching the apple as he was, he had got an eye for all Johns movements. 他盡管在一個勁地嚼著蘋果，但仍警惕著約翰的一舉一動?！救龡l補充說明】1. 這類倒裝的讓步狀語從句可用as, though 來引導，但不能用although來引

27、導；但是，未倒裝的讓步狀語從句則可用though, although來引導，而不能用as來引導。也就是說，although引導讓步狀語從句時不能倒裝，as引導讓步狀語從句時必須倒裝，而though引導讓步狀語從句時可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。如：雖然很晚了，但我們還是繼續(xù)工作。正：Late as though it was, we still went on working. (from )正：Though Although it was late, we still went on working.誤：Late although it was, we still went on working.

28、誤：As it was late, we still went on working.2. 上面提到的倒裝結構有時也可用來表示原因，區(qū)別的辦法主要看句子的內容：讓步從句的內容大多數(shù)與主句在意義上相反，而原因從句則與主句之間有因果關系。比較：Tired as he was, he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他雖然很疲倦了，但還是學習到很晚才睡。(表讓步) Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因為很累，所以他睡得很早。(表原因)Young as he was, he was equal to the task. 他雖

29、年輕，卻能勝任這項工作。(表讓步) Young as he was, he was not equal to the task. 他因為年輕，所以不能勝任這項工作。(表原因) 3. 在美國英語中，人們通常用asas引導讓步狀語從句。如：Cold as it was, we went out.=As cold as it was, we went out. 盡管天氣冷，我們還是出去了。Successful as he is, he is not proud.=As successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖成功了，但不驕傲。四、涉及倒裝的13個高考英語高頻考

30、點1. 考查never置于句首時的倒裝當否定副詞never置于句首時，其后習慣上要用倒裝語序（與一般疑問句形式相同）。如：（答案分別為BA）(1) Never in my wildest dreams _ these people are living in such poor conditions. (安徽卷)A. I could imagine B. could I imagineC. I couldnt imagineD. couldnt I imagine(2) Never before _ in greater need of modern public transport than

31、 it is today. (上海卷)A. has this city beenB. this city has beenC. was this cityD. this city was2. 考查little置于句首時的倒裝當否定副詞little置于句首時，其后習慣上要用倒裝語序（與一般疑問句形式相同）。如：（答案分別為DD）(1) Little _ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. (安徽卷)A. he realizedB. he didnt

32、 realizeC. didnt he realizeD. did he realize(2) They have a good knowledge of English but little _ they know about German (天津卷)A. haveB. didC. hadD. do 3. 考查seldom置于句首時的倒裝當否定副詞seldom置于句首時，其后習慣上要用倒裝語序（與一般疑問句形式相同）。如：（答案分別為BA）(1) Seldom _ any apology when mistakes are made. A. we receiveB. do we receiv

33、eC. we receivedD. did we receive(2) Seldom _ an article that was so full of lies.A. have I readB. I have readC. had I readD. I had read4. 考查hardly / scarcely置于句首時的倒裝當否定副詞hardly, scarcely等置于句首時，其后習慣上要用倒裝語序（與一般疑問句形式相同）。如：（答案為A）Hardly _ Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London. A. had they

34、reachedB. they had reachedC. have the reachedD. they have reached5. 考查no sooner等置于句首時的倒裝當no sooner, no longer等結構置于句首時，其后習慣上要用倒裝語序（與一般疑問句形式相同）。如：（答案分別為AC）(1) Did Linda see the traffic accident?No, no sooner _ than it happened. (天津卷)A. had she goneB. she had gone C. has she goneD. she has gone(2) No s

35、ooner _ mowing the lawn than it started raining.A. have I startedB. I have startedC. had I startedD. I had started6. 考查nowhere置于句首時的倒裝當否定副詞nowhere置于句首時，其后習慣上要用倒裝語序（與一般疑問句形式相同）。如：（答案為A）Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _such a beautiful place. (遼寧卷)A. can you findB. you could fi

36、ndC. you can findD. could you find7. 考查by no means等置于句首時的倒裝當表示否定意義的副詞性短語by no mearns, on no accounts, in no case, at no time等置于句首時，其后習慣上要用倒裝語序（與一般疑問句形式相同）。如：（答案為D）Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _ with my progress. (重慶卷)A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not

37、satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied8. 考查not only置于句首時的倒裝當not onlybut also句式的not only部分置于句首時，其后習慣上要用倒裝語序（與一般疑問句形式相同）。如：（答案為B）_ snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (上海)A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did

38、they bringC. Not only brought theyD. Not only they did bring9. 考查not until置于句首時的倒裝當notuntil句式轉換成not until且置于句首時，其后的主句部分習慣上要用倒裝語序（與一般疑問句形式相同）。如：（答案為B）Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized10. 考查“only+狀語”置于句首時的倒裝當“onl

39、y+狀語”置于句首時，其后習慣上要用倒裝語序（與一般疑問句形式相同）。如：（答案為DA）(1) Only then _ how much damage had been caused. (陜西卷)A. she realizedB. she had realizedC. had she realizedD. did she realize(2) _ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. (浙江卷)A. Only B. JustC. StillD. Yet11. 考查“so+形容

40、詞”置于句首時的倒裝當sothat句式的“so+形容詞”部分置于句首時，其后習慣上要用倒裝語序（與一般疑問句形式相同）。如：（答案為BB）(1) _ that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. (陜西卷)A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successfulD. So was her successful business(2) So difficult _ it to work out

41、the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (廣東卷)A. I did findB. did I find C. I have foundD. have I found12. 考查類似“so do I”結構的倒裝So do I這類結構表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情況，后者也同樣適用，通常可譯為“也一樣”“也是如此”。如：（答案為CA）(1) My room gets very cold at night. _. (江蘇卷)A. So is mineB. So mine isC. So does mineD. So mine does(2)

42、 Its burning hot today, isnt it?Yes. _ yesterday. (福建卷)A. So was itB. So it wasC. So it isD. So is it13. 考查類似“nor / neither do I”結構的倒裝nor neither do I這類結構表示的是前面提出的某一否定的情況，后者也同樣適用，通常可譯為“也一樣”“也是如此”。如：（答案為B）If Joes wife wont go to the party, _. (全國II)A. he will eitherB. neither will heC. he neither wil

43、lD. either he will五、倒裝練習1. So much of interest _that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all08上海 Aoffers Beijing BBeijing offers Cdoes Beijing offer DBeijing does offer2. Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _ 08遼寧 AI was neither Bneither was I CI was either

44、 Deither was I3. _ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. 08江蘇 A. only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will4. Seldom_ video games ever since they entered college.08湖北A. they have played B. they played C. have they played D. they have pl

45、ayed5. It was announced that only when the fire was under control _ to return to their homes. 08江西A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permittedC. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted6. Only when I left my parents for Italy _how much I loved t

46、hem 08重慶AI realized BI had realized Chad I realized Ddid I realize7. Not until the motorbike looked almost new repairing and cleaning it.08陜西A. he stopped B. did he stop C. stopped he D. he did stop8. If Joes wife wont go to the party_. 07全國2A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D.

47、 either he will9. - How was the televised debate last night? - Super! Rarely _ so much media attention. 07上海A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate10. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _ so lonely as now. 07遼寧A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. Had I felt11. My room gets very cold at night. _. 07江蘇A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does12. Little _ that we were watching his every move, so he