生理習題b型題（Physiology problem B）

1、生理習題b型題（Physiology problem B）Type B problemExtracellular fluid, intracellular fluid, intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid, plasma tissue fluid, humoral refers to the internal environment refers to C, ACa ions, Na ions, Na ions, globulin, albumin, plasma crystal osmotic pressure are mainly for

2、med by plasma colloid osmotic pressure mainly formed by B EIron deficiency anemia, nutritional anemia, megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, bone marrow suffering from X-ray damage, hemoglobin formation disorder will occur, D, AIron deficiency anemia, nutritional anemia, megalobla

3、stic anemia, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, vitamin B1 and folic acid deficiency will lead to the lack of gastric factors, will suffer from C CT lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, basophils, and cells that carry out cellular immune function are white blood cells that realize hum

4、oral immune function. They are A BWhen bleeding, prolong bleeding, shorten coagulation time, prolong coagulation time, shorten coagulation time and bleeding time, platelet count is less than 50X109 / L, platelet is too small and releasing dysfunction is A, EPlatelets, eosinophils, basophils, lymphoc

5、ytes, monocytes and macrophages release eosinophils. Chemokine A is the C C that releases histamine0 10mm/h 0 - 15mm/h 0 20mm/h 5 - 20mm/h 0 25mm/h, the normal males ESR is normal, the females erythrocyte sedimentation rate is B CThe absolute value of intrathoracic negative pressure decreased, the t

6、ransmural pressure became smaller, and the airway diameter became smaller. The absolute value of intrathoracic negative pressure decreased, the transmural pressure became smaller, and the airway diameter became larger. The absolute value of intrathoracic negative pressure increased, the transmural p

7、ressure became larger, and the airway diameter became larger. The absolute value of intrathoracic negative pressure increased, the transmural pressure became smaller, and the diameter of suction duct became larger. The absolute value of intrathoracic negative pressure increased, the transmural press

8、ure became smaller, and the airway diameter became smaller. C A when exhalingStop breathing was rhythmic asthmoid respiration appears apneusis normal respiratory rhythm appears slow and deep breathing between the medulla and spinal cord transection animal in A D between quadrigeminal transectionBloo

9、d PO2 increased, PCO2 increased, blood PO2 increased, PCO2 decreased, blood PO2 decreased, PCO2 decreased, blood PO2 normal, PCO2 decreased, blood PO2 normal, PCO2 normal, mild anemia, metabolic acidosis, E, DThe outer surface of the inner surface are toward the cell membrane are toward the cell mem

10、brane in the cell membrane of the inner and outer surface facing toward the bilayer center arranged out of order the bilayer lipid membrane, hydrophilic membrane lipid lipid molecules in the bilayer, the lipid molecular hydrophobic end C DCarbohydrates, lipids, proteins, glycolipids, cholesterol, ce

11、ll membrane composition, accounting for the most weight percentage is the composition of the cell membrane, the number of molecules is more than C BSimple diffusion facilitates diffusion, the active transport of cells into the cell, the role of CO2 and O2 in the body and out of the cell membrane, be

12、longs to the release of neurotransmitters, A, ESimple diffusion active transport to channel mediated diffusion to carrier mediated diffusion to intestinal epithelial cells by extracellular glucose absorption in the intestinal lumen is hormone secreted by endocrine cells belonging to the B ESimple di

13、ffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, exocytosis, cell entry, K + migration from cell to cell, Na + from cell to cell is B CSimple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, exocytosis, cell entry, and Na + influx when nerve cells are excited belong to the release of acetylcholi

14、ne by axon terminals, belonging to B DCurare tetrodotoxication verapamil and atropine four ethyl ammonium selectively blocking Na + channels are selectively blocking B E K + channelThe first messenger of the hormone ATP, DNA, cAMP, and RNA that regulates the transmission of information to target cel

15、ls is the second messenger that regulates the transmission of information to target cells called A EThe absolute refractory period, the relative refractory period, the supernormal period, the lowest resting phase, and the lowest threshold phase were zero excitability, and the phase was C AThe major

16、cation in the extracellular fluid of K + Na + Ca2 + Mg2 + H is the major cation in the intracellular fluid, which is B, APolarized depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, depolarization, depolarization, cell membrane, resting potential, absolute value increased, called cells at rest, the

17、membrane was positive,The negative state of the membrane is called D AWhen polarized depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, hyperpolarization, and shoot were stimulated, the membrane potential was negatively decreased, which was called negative B. DWhen polarization, depolarization, hype

18、rpolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, and cell membrane are stimulated, the negative value of the membrane potential decreases, and the negative intracellular potential is called B DPolarization depolarization repolarization hyperpolarization resting membrane on both sides there are in n

19、egative overshoot, known as zero potential action above the branches increased, called A CReverse polarization and depolarization (trans) potential repolarization hyperpolarization resting membrane on both sides there are negative, known as zero potential action above the branches increased, called

20、A CReverse polarization and depolarization (trans) polarization depolarization hyperpolarization action potential generation process, K + efflux increased emergence of action potential generation process, the membrane potential changes from zero is called D C.K + influx K + efflux Na + influx Na + e

21、fflux Ca2 + intracellular skeletal muscle cell action potential decreased, the ramus was due to the rise of nerve cell action potential, and the branch was due to B CThe same B increase decrease increase first and then decrease first decreases and then increases artificially isolated nerve fibers in

22、crease the leaching concentration of K + in the solution, the absolute value of resting potential will reduce the artificial nerve fiber in vitro leaching concentration of Na + in the solution of single nerve fiber action potential overshoot C CK + influx, Cl influx, Na + influx, Ca2 + influx, K + o

23、utflow, resting potential formation are mainly due to action potentials reaching the motor nerve terminals, causing E, DThe main composition of frontal nerve action potentials of the cell potential is the threshold potential negative after potential positive after potential local potentials can be s

24、timulated by excitatory cells, first appeared mainly composed of nerve cell action potential is E ASpike threshold potential negative after potential positive after potential local potential induced by basic conditions is excited to membrane potential depolarized to electrogenic sodium pump can make

25、 membrane hyperpolarization temporarily and B DSpike threshold potential negative after potential positive after potential local potential action potentials during the excitatory cells in the phase of low equivalent action potentials during the excitatory cells in the supernormal phase when the equi

26、valent of D CRegulation of protein myosin actin myosin and actin tropomyosin tropomyosin and troponin in skeletal muscle is a contractile protein in skeletal muscle is E CThe main component of myosin actin tropomyosin troponin myohemoglobin thick filaments are thin filaments polymerized into double

27、helix backbone is A BWithout a single series of contraction contraction single contraction incomplete tetanic tetanic muscle completely by a subthreshold stimulation, muscle by a suprathreshold stimulus, A BA single C series single contraction tetanic tetanic contraction was completely incomplete wi

28、thout tetanic contractile response when continuous stimulation duration shorter than single systolic contraction, muscle C when continuous stimulation time distance is greater than the duration of the single contraction, the muscle appears when the duration of continuous stimulation when continuous

29、stimulation when the distance is greater than the single contraction, the muscle of C BPons, medulla, hypothalamus, midbrain, spinal cord, pupil, light reflex center, the central center of thermoregulation in D, CAlpha receptor beta receptor, muscle nicotinic receptor, neuronal nicotinic receptor, M

30、 receptor, skeletal muscle, lamina terminalis, autonomic ganglion, C D in neuronsButoxamine prazosin atropine phentolamine eraldin blockers, beta 1 receptor antagonist D EDopamine, 5-, serotonin, GABA, glycine, acetylcholine, spinal cord, anterior horn, motor neuron terminals release the neurotransm

31、itter for thalamic raphe nuclei, neurons release E B transmitterThe lower motor neuron damage, the central anterior gyrus, the motor zone all damaged, the striatum damaged, the substantia nigra damaged, the cerebellar hemisphere damaged, the intentional tremor is due to spastic paralysis (paralysis)

32、 is due to E BClonidine eraldin propranolol phentolamine in the treatment of hypertension by atropine in treatment of angina pectoris by A BThe glomerulus, the renal tubule, the proximal tubule, the descending branch of the spinal cord, the collecting site of the tubule, are the main parts of the ab

33、sorption of substance, A, BThe proximal tubule, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, ascending branch, thick segment medullary loop ascending, fine segment medullary loop descending, fine segment reabsorption of water, the place regulated by antidiuretic hormone is urine dilution, the main

34、part is B, CThe important mechanism of the mechanism of concentrating and diluting the epithelial cells in the proximal tubule of the renal proximal medullary tubule is that the Na receptor is D CGlomerular filtration rate decreased, water, urine permeability, diuresis, diabetes insipidus, increased

35、 cystic pressure, a large number of drinking water, resulting in increased urine volume, known as intravenous mannitol, urine volume increased, known as B CThe ascending branch of the medullary loop, the ascending branch of the thick segment of the spinal cord, the descending segment of the fine seg

36、ment of the spinal cord, the posterior segment of the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct of the collecting duct are difficult to permeate through water. The main part of the active absorption of Na+ and Cl- is the concentration of urine, A and DUrethral sphincter contraction of detruso

37、r sphincter relaxation, urethral sphincter relaxation of detrusor contraction, urethral sphincter contraction of bladder detrusor relaxation, urethral sphincter of the pelvic nerve excitement of pudendal nerve excitement when C AExtracellular fluid, intracellular fluid, intracellular fluid and extra

38、cellular fluid, tissue fluid, plasma, and humoral refers to the internal environment of C, ACa ions, Na ions, K ions, globulin, albumin, plasma crystal osmotic pressure are mainly formed by plasma colloid osmotic pressure mainly formed by B ET lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, baso

39、phils, and cells that carry out cellular immune function are white blood cells that realize humoral immune function. They are A BWhen bleeding, prolong bleeding, shorten coagulation time, prolong coagulation time, shorten coagulation time and bleeding time, platelet count is less than 50X109 / L, pl

40、atelet is too small and releasing dysfunction is A, EPlatelets, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes release eosinophils, chemokine A is the histamine that releases histamine, C, C0 - 5mm/h, 0 to 10mm/h, 0 to 20mm/h, 5 - 20mm/h, 0 to 25mm/h, the normal males ESR is normal, and

41、 the females erythrocyte sedimentation rate is A CIron deficiency anemia, nutritional anemia, megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, bone marrow suffering from X-ray damage, hemoglobin formation disorder will occur, D, AThe extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid, tissue, fluid, p

42、lasma, serum, blood, and blood cells are removed from the blood. After the blood is coagulated, it is precipitated by D EAplastic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, renal anemia, megaloblastic anemia, anemia after chronic blood loss in patients with chronic kidney disease and nephrec

43、tomy patients, susceptible to B, DInhibition of cyclo oxygenase, inhibition of thromboxane synthetase, inhibition of phospholipase Az, inhibition of thrombin, inhibition of prostacyclin synthase, aspirin can prevent platelet aggregation because imidazole prevents platelet aggregation because A B1 -

44、1.5L / D 1.5 - 2.5L / D 0.3 - 0.5L / D 0.8 - 1.0L / D 2 - 3.0L / D normal adult gastric juice daily secretion volume is normal, adult saliva daily secretion is B AProtein digestion products of fat sugar salt hydrochloride caused by secretin release the strongest effect is caused by cholecystokinin r

45、elease effect was the strongest in B AD cells, G cells, S cells, main cell wall cells, and gastrin secreting cells are secretory cytokines and are B EThe high secretory center of the spinal cord, lumbosacral, medulla, pons, midbrain, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex. Located in the lower center of

46、defecation, located at E AA wriggling Chong group movement segmentation movement receptive relaxation in the small intestine to the circular muscle based rhythmic vasomotion of small intestine peristalsis is fast, spread far is D BGastrin andcholecystokinin secretin gastric inhibitory peptide of his

47、tamine to promote gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion is mainly inhibit gastric secretion and the movement is B DSugar sugar sugar and fat fat protein + protein + pancreatic digestive juice to digest E to CPancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, growth hormone, somatostatin, insulin, i

48、slets of Langerhans, A cells, secreting pancreatic islet B cells, secreting B, EDwarfism cretinism myxedema acromegaly Cushing (Chushing s) syndrome of congenital hypopituitarism can cause adult hypothyroidism can cause A CThe role of prolactin and oxytocin effect of estrogen estrogen and progestero

49、ne effects of estrogen and progesterone of auxin and auxin in the pregnancy period of breast lactation the main reason is the main reason for the lactation after childbirth is B EPeroxidase oxidase, reductase, Na+, -K+, -ATP enzymes, lysosomal enzymes, thyroid epithelial cells, iodine accumulation,

50、and the activation of iodine in thyroid epithelial cells require D AThe neural regulation of hormone based regulation based on its own regulation mainly dominated by feedback regulation of metabolite target hormone and hypothalamic regulatory peptide dual regulation of thyrotropin secretion of gluco

51、corticoid secretion activity of E BThree pregnant female alcohol estrone estradiol testosterone dihydrotestosterone, the placenta produces large amounts of estrogen is ovarian secretion of estrogen is B APGF, LH, VIP, HCS, FSH, the hormone that promotes follicular maturation is the hormone that prom

52、otes ovulation, E, BThe role of prolactin and oxytocin pregnancy effect of auxin and prolactin effect of estrogen and estrogen hormone auxin the role of estrogen, progesterone and oxytocin in breast development mainly depends on the lactation after delivery depends mainly on the E DThe alpha recepto

53、r beta 1 receptor, the N receptor, the M receptor beta 2 receptor, is mainly bound to the neurotransmitter released from the vasoconstrictor nerve terminals and is bound to the neurotransmitter released from the sympathetic vasodilator terminals, A, DFried Amsterdam alkali propranolol phentolamine a

54、nd atropine naloxone alpha receptor antagonist is a beta blocker is E CThe resting potential level of partial atrioventricular delay depolarization maximal diastolic potential level of 0 of the action potential depolarization the amplitude and velocity of decision and the influence of cardiac excita

55、bility are the main factors that determine and influence the conductivity is A EOn behalf of the two ventricular depolarization in all two states represent the atrial repolarization of ventricular repolarization process on behalf of the two representatives of the two atrial depolarization process on

56、 behalf of the two ventricular depolarization process ECG QRS wave of ECG T wave E CAt the end of diastole, the initial diastolic phase, the rapid ejection phase, the equal relaxation period, the initial isometric contraction, the atrioventricular valve closure occurred at the aortic valve closure a

57、nd occurred at A DThe rapid diastolic phase of isometric systole and diastolic relaxation slowed down. During ejection phase, the rate of left ventricular pressure rising was the fastest in the left ventricle, and the lowest in the left ventricular pressure was at A CSystolic blood pressure, diastol

58、ic pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, systemic circulatory pressure, mean diastolic pressure, and minimum aortic blood pressure during cardiac cycles are called the highest values of aortic blood pressure in the cardiac cycle, referred to as B ARapid ejection period ventricular pressure diastolic ventricular volume or pressure isovolumic ventricular volume or pressure slow ejection period ventricular volume and pressure of arterial blood pressure and ventricular muscle before the load available which indicates the load ventricular muscle r