高中英語(yǔ)選修8-unit3-inventors-and-inventions-Reading

1、If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference, prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry. Thomas Alva Edison如果你希望成功，當(dāng)以恒心為良友，以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為參謀，以謹(jǐn)慎為兄弟，以希望為哨兵。 愛(ài)迪生Thomas Edison invented the electric bulb.Why are they famous?Why are they famous?Issac Ne

2、wtondiscoveredgravityWhy are they famous?Benjamin FranklindiscoveredLightning is electricityWhy are they famous?Benjamin FranklindiscoveredLightning is electricityinventions or discoveries?An amphibious car Stephensons “Rocket” An amphibious car (2003) This is the first car that can travel safely on

3、 water and on land. When moving on water, the wheels of the car turn sideways and move into the body. The underneath of the car is strong enough to sail as a boat. It is a prototype and is not yet being produced for sale. This is an interesting modern invention. Stephensons “Rocket”(1781-1848) Georg

4、e Stephenson was one of the first men to design engines for the railways which were new at that time. One of the first tracks to be laid was between Stockton and Darlington. Stephenson was one of the first railway engineers and in 1825 he drove the first train along the line.DNAWork out the rules th

5、at will help you decide what a discovery is and what an invention is. The structure of DNA This was discovery of Francis Crick and James Watson and published in 1953. These two scientist were the first to show that our genes consist of two spirals of DNA (called the double-helix). This work led dire

6、ctly to the human genome project in 2003, which discovered the Structure of DNA. What is an invention? An invention is something that created by human being, such as the lighting rod. Inventing is a scientific activity. What is a discovery ? A discovery merely makes known something that already exis

7、t in nature, such as the discovery on the New Continent by Columbia. What are the important inventions of the 20th century? Which do you think is the most important one? Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved? Inventing is a scientific act

8、ivity and so follows similar stages to those used in scientific research. Look at the following list and work out a suitable order.1. Applying for a patent2. Finding a problem 3. Doing research 4. Testing the solution 5. Thinking of a creative solution 6. Deciding on the invention The problem of the

9、 snakesThe text narrates _ and presents _and applying for _.the problem of the snakesthe procedures of catching them Read the text quickly and complete its main idea.a patent Divide the passage into several parts and find out the main idea for each paragraph.Part 1 (para.1) The discovery of the prob

10、lem of the snakes.Part 2 (para.2) Doing some research about the habits of snakes.Part 3 (para.3)Deciding on the solutionPart 4 (para.4-6) The attempts to catch the snakesPart 5 (para.7-8) the requirements of getting a patentListen to the recorded file of the text,then try to answer the questions.1.W

11、hat upset the authors mother? The snakes.2.How many times did the author attempt to remove the snakes? Three times.3.What did the author do after he successfully get rid of the snakes? To apply for a patent.Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.Finding a problemThe writers mother found some

12、 snakes in the _, which came near the house now and then, and she expected the writer to remove the snakes without _ them.Doing researchThe writer set out to research the _ of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.harminghabitscourtyardThinking of a creative solutionThree possible approaches:

13、removing the snakes _ attracting the snakes into a _ using male or female perfume or food _ the snakes so that they would become sleepy and could be easily caughtI decided to use the _ approach. habitattrapcoolinglast /thirdTesting the solution：Three attemptsThe first attempt: early the next morning

14、 the writer put a(an) _ bowl over the snakes _and some _ on top of the bowl. She covered them with a large _. Two hours later, though the snakes were less _, they escaped quickly when she tried to catch them.frozenhabitatice-cubesbucketactiveTesting the solution：Three attemptsThe second attempt: The

15、 writer froze the bowl and the ice-cubes again but placed them over the snakes habitat in the _. Early the next morning the snakes looked very _, but when she picked them up, they tried to _ her.eveningsleepybiteTesting the solution：Three attemptsThe third attempt: The next morning the writer repeat

16、ed the _ attempt. She used a small _ to protect herself from being bitten and finally collected the passive snakes. They merrily _ the snakes all back into the wild the next day.secondnetreleasedApplying for a_The writer filled in the form and filed her _ with the Patent Office. The patent office ma

17、kes a search to check that your product really is _ from everyone elses. Patent examiners examine whether your claim is _ or not. Your application for a patent will be published _ months from the date you apply if your claim passes all the tests.patentdifferentvalid18patent application1. Why did coo

18、ling the snakes make them less active? A. Because snakes are warm-blooded animals.B. Because snakes like high temperature.C. Because snakes are reptiles and their body temperature depends on the heat around them. CRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.2. Which of the following may get a

19、 patent according to the text?A. A computer programme.B. A new animal variety.C. A work of literature.D. A truly novel and useful invention.D3. The purpose in writing this text is _.A. to show us how to trap the snakes but not to kill themB. to tell people how to apply for a patent of the writers ne

20、w ideaC. to introduce the writers new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patentD. to tell the readers how to get a new idea and make it a patentC4. The biggest advantage of the writers new idea is that _.A. it makes the snakes move slowlyB. it makes the snakes hardly bite usC. it

21、is easier for us to kill the snakes without hurting ourselvesD. it is easier for us to catch the snakes without killing themD5. Which statement is true according to the text?A. The snakes were so sleepy in the second attempt that they couldnt bite the writer at all.B. Your product must be different

22、from everybody elses if you want to receive a patent.C. The writer decided to send her invention to the patent office the moment she succeeded in catching the snakes.D. If an application for your product proves to be valid, you can get a patent immediately.BPost-reading What are the requirements of

23、the character of an inventor? Can you give some details in the text to support your idea? For example: patient & persistent The author tried three times and finally he succeeded. hardworking, creative, careful, curious1. Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful

24、that would catch snakes but not harm them. 這回我有機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)表現(xiàn)一下自己了。我要發(fā)明這回我有機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)表現(xiàn)一下自己了。我要發(fā)明某種仁慈的東西。既可以把蛇捉住，而又不某種仁慈的東西。既可以把蛇捉住，而又不會(huì)傷害它們。會(huì)傷害它們。 How to translate these sentences?How to translate these sentences? 2. The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only see

25、med to be powders designed to kill snakes. 省略了關(guān)系代詞省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定從的定從過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾_powderFive people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. A. being givenB. is given C. given D. was given 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 由逗號(hào)之前是一個(gè)完整的句子和

26、由逗號(hào)之前是一個(gè)完整的句子和逗號(hào)之后無(wú)連接詞逗號(hào)之后無(wú)連接詞, 可知逗號(hào)后面不是可知逗號(hào)后面不是一個(gè)句子一個(gè)句子, 排除排除B、D; 而而 give與與a title之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 故選故選C。3. Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled.分析分析 a. 本句的主干是：本句的主干是：_。b. which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其中引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其中which指代先行詞指代先行詞 _, 并在從句中

27、并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)。jellythere is some jellyc. when cooled是是“連詞連詞 + 分詞分詞”形式，形式，是一種省略，完整的表達(dá)是是一種省略，完整的表達(dá)是_。英語(yǔ)中，如果英語(yǔ)中，如果狀語(yǔ)從句中狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同，的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be時(shí)，則常可省略成時(shí)，則?？墒÷猿伞斑B連詞詞 + 分詞分詞” 形式。形式?！斑B詞連詞 + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式”表示主動(dòng)；表示主動(dòng)；“連詞連詞 + 過(guò)去分過(guò)去分詞詞”表示被動(dòng)。表示被動(dòng)。when it is cooled4. But monitored carefully, the s

28、nakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan. 但經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)的監(jiān)視，證明這些蛇不會(huì)惹麻但經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)的監(jiān)視，證明這些蛇不會(huì)惹麻煩，一切都按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行著。煩，一切都按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行著。 How to translate these sentences?How to translate these sentences?5. Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful

29、 idea by sending my invention to the patent office. 由于朋友和親戚的敦促，我決定抓住這次由于朋友和親戚的敦促，我決定抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)把我的發(fā)明送到專(zhuān)利局去機(jī)會(huì)把我的發(fā)明送到專(zhuān)利局去，請(qǐng)他們對(duì)我這次成功的思路給予認(rèn)可。 How to translate these sentences?How to translate these sentences?6. Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. 只有你得到這種承認(rèn)只有你得

30、到這種承認(rèn), 你才能說(shuō)你是真你才能說(shuō)你是真正的一個(gè)發(fā)明家。正的一個(gè)發(fā)明家。only 修飾狀語(yǔ)置于句首，主句需用倒修飾狀語(yǔ)置于句首，主句需用倒裝語(yǔ)序。裝語(yǔ)序。 e.g. Only by working hard can we pass the exams. 7. The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. 分析分析 a. 本句的主句是本句的主句是The criteria are so strict, 從句是從句是that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從

31、句。引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。b. 從句中從句中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是_; 該從句中還該從句中還有一個(gè)由有一個(gè)由unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。to get new ideas accepted8. Nor will you receive a patent until a search has made to find out that your product really is different from everyone elses. 你的產(chǎn)品要經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)調(diào)查你的產(chǎn)品要經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)調(diào)查, 證明它確證明它確 實(shí)與眾不同實(shí)與眾不同, 你才能獲得專(zhuān)利。

32、你才能獲得專(zhuān)利。a. 本句的主句本句的主句N(xiāo)or will you receive a patent是個(gè)倒裝句，是個(gè)倒裝句，nor位于句首位于句首時(shí)，句子用倒裝。時(shí)，句子用倒裝。b. 從句是從句是until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。c. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中包含一個(gè)由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中包含一個(gè)由that引引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作find out的賓的賓 語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。如果你決定不參加會(huì)議，我也不參加。如果你決定不參加會(huì)議，我也不參加。_If you decide not to attend the meeting, nor will I. 9. Now its a matter of

33、waiting and hoping, youll know if I succeed by the size of my bank balance!現(xiàn)在就是等待和期盼了。將來(lái)你看看我現(xiàn)在就是等待和期盼了。將來(lái)你看看我的銀行結(jié)余金額就會(huì)知道我是否成功了。的銀行結(jié)余金額就會(huì)知道我是否成功了。 Apply what we learn:In pairs look at the following problems. Choose one and use the scientific stages to design a new invention to solve it. Remember to inc