中考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)(修訂)

1、中考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)專題一 基本句式與特殊句式一、基本句式簡(jiǎn)單句是只包括一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：She gave me a pen.并列句是包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子，句子之間常用并列連詞連接。 表示不同關(guān)系選擇不同的連詞：and, not onlybut also, neithernor,as well as, or, otherwise, eitheror, but, yet, still ,however, while,復(fù)合句在初中主要有：賓語從句, 定語從句, 狀語從句（見后面的專題復(fù)習(xí)）二、特殊句式（一）祈使句：祈使句用來表示請(qǐng)求、命令等。它的主語you往往不說出。祈使句的肯定式： 動(dòng)詞(原

2、形) + 其他 如：Please give me a hand. 祈使句的否定式： Dont +動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 如：Please dont talk in low voices. 祈使句，and + 將來時(shí)的句子 （表示承接關(guān)系） 祈使句，or + 將來時(shí)的句子 （表示否則關(guān)系） Get up early, and you will get there on time. Get up early, or you will be late for the meeting.注意祈使句在復(fù)合句和其它一些情況下看作將來時(shí)：Please call me when she comes back. (主

3、將從現(xiàn))-Dont bring it here tomorrow. -OK, I wont.真題演練1. Get up earlier next time, you will have enough time to have breakfast. A. and B. so C. or2. Stop smoking, you will get better soon. A. or B. but C. and D. so3. Hurry up, you will be late for school. A. or B. but C. and D. So4. Study hard, you will

4、 fail the test. A. and B. so C. or（二）感嘆句：感嘆句用來表示喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈感情。句末常用“！”（1）what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：1.what + a / an +adj + 單數(shù)名詞 （+主語+ 謂語）！_ a clever boy he is !2.what + adj + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 （+主語+ 謂語）！_ heavy boxes they are !3.what + adj + 不可數(shù)名詞（+主語+ 謂語）！_ bad weather !（2）how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：1.How + adj / adv + （主語+ 謂語） ！_ hard they are wor

5、king !2.How + adj + a / an + 單數(shù)名詞（+主語+ 謂語）！How tall a boy he is !（3）what 與how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：1. _beautiful girl she is ! = _ beautiful the girl is !（4）幾個(gè)常見的感嘆句：1._ great fun it is ! 2._ important information ! 3._ good news !（5）感嘆句常見不可數(shù)名詞food , work , weather , fun , information , news , advice ,真題演練1.

6、_beautifuldayitis! Letsgoandhaveapicnicinthepark. A. How B. Whata C. What 2. _widethestreetsare! A. What B. How C. Whata3. -_interestingtalkMr. Blackgaveus!-Yes. Wealllikeitverymuch. A. How B. Whata C. Whatan4. meetingitis!A.Whataimportant B.Whatimportant C.Howan important D.Whatanimportant5. -Havey

7、ouseenthefilmAliceinWonderful?-Yes._wonderfulfilmitis! A.What B. Whata C. How6. _happilythechildrenareflyingkites!A. What B. Whata C. How7.Jane Zhang is going to hold a concert here in July. Really? _ exciting news! A. How B. What an C. What8.Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. _ g

8、reat courage he showed!A. What a B. What C. How a D. How9._ nice day today! Yeah, lets take a walk outside. A. What a B. What C. How10.The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized in the Yangtze River on the evening of June 1st._ bad news! Can we do something to help with the rescue(救援)? A .What a B. Wh

9、at C. How a D. How（三）反意疑問句：陳述句 + 附加疑問句？ 原則：1.前肯后否，前否后肯 2.前名后代 3.時(shí)態(tài)一致 Students are reading English in the classroom, arent they? There isnt a book on the desk, is there? 若陳述句部分含有never , few , little , hardly ,no ,seldom ,nobody ,nothing 否定詞、半否定詞時(shí)，附加疑問句用肯定形式。 He can hardly understand it, can he ? 句中有反

10、義詞的句子的反意疑問句，仍把它作為肯定形式。He is unhappy, isnt he? 祈使句的反意疑問句（無論否定還是肯定）都為 will you ? Dont make so much noise, will you? Please keep quiet, will you? Lets 的反意疑問句為 shall we ? Let us的反意疑問句為will you ? Let us go to the movie together, will you?/ Lets go to the movie together, will you? 當(dāng)陳述句是主從復(fù)合句時(shí),其附加疑問句應(yīng)與主句保持

11、一致 He said that he would leave here tomorrow, didnt he?若主句為I think / believe /suppose /imagine /expect 時(shí)，其疑問句應(yīng)與從句保持一致 I think you can do these exercises alone, cant you? I dont think you can do these exercises alone, can you? 陳述句中有has / have / had 時(shí)，一定要注意助動(dòng)詞的選擇 They had to leave early , _ _ ? He has

12、 few friends in the new school , _ _? He has never been to Beijing , _ _? She had studied a few English songs by the end of last month. ,_ _? 反義疑問句的回答：反義疑問句的回答要根據(jù)事實(shí)作答，若事實(shí)是肯定的，就用yes +肯定形式。若事實(shí)是否定的，就用No, +否定形式。真題演練1. Cindy could hardly speak English three years ago, _? A. couldnt she B. could she C. ca

13、n she2. Alice had a wonderful time yesterday,_?A. hadnt she B. wasnt she C. didnt she3. She didnt come to school yesterday, did she? _, though she was not feeling well. A. No, she didnt B. Yes, she didnt C. No, she did D. Yes, she did4. He has read this book before, ?A. hasnt he B. doesnt he C. isnt

14、 he5. Lets go for a walk, _?- OK, Im coming . Dont forget to bring your camera, _?A. will you; will you B. will you; shall we C. shall we; shall we D. shall we; will you6.We have to finish the work now, _?A. dont we B. havent we C. have we D. do we7.Dont be late for school next time, _? No, I wont.

15、A. are you B. will you C. do you D. did you8.Nancy, seep the classroom, _?A. dont you B. do you C. will you D. doesnt she9.Its Fathers Day today, _? Yes, lets buy a gift for Dad. A. isnt he B. doesnt it C .isnt it（四）倒裝句 （1）肯定倒裝句“ so + be動(dòng)詞/ 助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語”，表示某人也怎么樣 -She has been to Beijing twice. -So

16、have his parents. ( 2 ) 否定倒裝句“Neither/Nor + be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語”，表示某人也不怎么樣 -She didnt get up early yesterday morning. -Neither did his sister. If she doesnt go there tomorrow, neither / nor will I (3) “so +主語+ be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞” 意為“的確如此”，表示前者和后者所指同一人時(shí)，說話者表示同意前者的觀點(diǎn)，。Li Lei likes sports. So he does and so do

17、 I. （4）當(dāng)句首為副詞here ，there 且主語為名詞時(shí)，應(yīng)用完全倒裝。Here comes the bus !. /There goes the bell. !（5）only 修飾時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)用部分倒裝。Only in this way can we solve the problem.Only when you told me did I know her name.注意：如果 only 修飾的不是狀語，則句子不倒裝。Only Uncle Li knows how it happened.（6） 由 not only .but also.引起的并列句，若將 not

18、only 置于句首時(shí)，該分句應(yīng)部分倒裝，but also 引導(dǎo)的分句不倒裝。Not only did he give me some advice, but also he lent me some money.真題演練1. - Cathy could swim when she was only 4 years old. -_.A. So did Jack. B. So can Jack C. So could Jack2. My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow. . Shall we go together?A. So I wil

19、l B. So do I C. So will I 3. -My parents enjoy music. -_.A. So does my sister. B. So did my sister C. So my sister does4. -I hear Lin Tao made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday. - _, and _.A. So he did; so did I B. So did he; so I did C. So he was; so was I 5. I have never been

20、to Qingdao before. _. But I want to spend my summer vacation there next year.A. Neither do I B. Neither have I C. So have I6. I have seen the film Where Are We Going, Dad? _. I think its wonderful.A. Neither have I B. So have I C. So I have7.They go to school early in the morning. _A. So do Tom. B.

21、So Tom do. C. So does Tom. D. So Tom does.8.What language is that guy speaking? I can hardly catch a single word!_. Hes from India, so I guess it is Hindi.A. Neither I can B. Neither can I C. So I can D. So can I專題二 主謂一致（語法，就近，意義一致三原則）一、就近原則 1. 由并列結(jié)構(gòu)或連詞（eitheror， neithernor，notbut， not onlybut also，

22、 or等）連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞與較近的那個(gè)名詞或代詞保持一致2. 在there be句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞與后面的第一個(gè)主語保持一致。二意義一致原則1. 當(dāng)主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間插入along with，with，as well as，together with， besides，except， but， including等短語時(shí) ，謂語動(dòng)詞與第一個(gè)主語保持一致2. 英語的集體名詞（family, public, group, team, class等詞），指代“整體”時(shí)為單數(shù)；指代“其中的各成員”則為復(fù)數(shù)。My family _(be) very poor when I was a little

23、 girl My family _(be) all looking forward for your coming.3. 詞組“a number of”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)；“the number of”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A number of ancient buildings _ (be) destroyed in the war.The number of the visitors_ (have) decreased this year.4. “數(shù)量詞+ (of) +名詞”作主語時(shí)，若“of”后的名詞為單數(shù)（不可數(shù)名詞），則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

24、Most of the water here _(be) clean.80% cotton _(have) been sent to America.Half of the apples _(be) red.三整體原則 1. 從句、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。When to leave _(be) not been decided.Watching TV too much _(be) bad for your eyes. 注：如果主語是兩個(gè)(或兩個(gè)以上)的名詞性從句，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。What he said and what he did _(be) always differe

25、nt last night . 2. 如果兩個(gè)以上的名詞組成一個(gè)整體概念作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)。The novelist and poet _going to Europe next year.The novelist and the poet_(be) going to Europe next year.3. 表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時(shí)，通常被視作整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。10 minutes is enough. 4. “the +姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“一家人、.夫婦”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The Blacks _(enjoy) working in China.四個(gè)

26、體原則 1. every +.and every +.或each+and each +作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Every man and every woman _(be) busy at working. 2. 英語句中的each， either， neither等詞，作代詞充當(dāng)主語，修飾名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Neither of us _(have) been abroad. Neither answer _(be) wrong .3. 由some, any every, no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞（somebody，nobody，everything，anything等）作主語時(shí)，謂

27、語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Somebody _(be)waiting for you at the school gate.4. 成雙成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞（glasses，shoes，trousers，pants，gloves等）作主語時(shí)，通常謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但前面有a /the pair of；a /the suit of等詞語時(shí)，則謂語動(dòng)詞要與量詞（pair, suit, piece ）在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。A pair of scissors_(be) useful tool for a dressmaker.Two pieces of paper _(be ) on the desk .5. 以復(fù)數(shù)形

28、式出現(xiàn)，卻表示單數(shù)意義（maths, physics, news ）謂語用單數(shù)。 Maths_(be) my favorite subject.6.“the +形容詞（old /young /rich /poor ）”表示“一類人”，作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù) The young _(like) listening to popular songs .真題演練( ) 1. Now in our class, the students each an English-Chinese dictionary.A. has B. have C. is having D. are having( ) 2. N

29、either Wei Hua nor Ann on the team. A. is B. are C. goes D. go( ) 3. Both Kate and I ready for the picnic now. A. is not B. is getting C. are getting D. am getting( ) 4. How much the shoes? Five dollars enough. A. is; is B. are; is C. were; are D. is; are( ) 5. A number of students in the dining hal

30、l. Let me count. The number of the students about 400.A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are D. is; is( ) 6. To lose themselves in the net bar on teenagers future. A. have a bad effect B. has a bad effect C. have a good effect D. has a good effect( ) 7. Doing eye exercises good for our eyes. A. is B. are

31、 C. were D. be( ) 8. Nobody except you late for the meeting yesterday afternoon. A. were B. was C. is D. are( ) 9. Three kilometers a little far. Youd better take a taxi. A. were B. will be C. was D. is( )10. As we all know, the Japanese Japanese. A. speak B. speaks C. spoke D. spoken( ) 11. Neither

32、 my father nor my mother rock music. They think that its too . A. like; noiseB. likes; noiseC. like; noisy D. likes; noisy( )12. Each of the girls here to the West Lake twice. A. have gone B. have been C. has gone D. has been( ) 13. There going to be a basketball match this afternoon. A. are B. is C

33、. have D. will( ) 14. Physics more difficult than Chinese. Do you think so? Yes, I think so.A. is B. are C. has D. have( ) 15. How much is the pair of shoes? Twenty dollars enough.A. is B. were C. am D. was( )16.Neither the headmaster nor the teachers _ take a vacation next week. A. were going to B

34、.is going to C. was going to D. are going to( )17.What would you like to have for supper? Either noodles or rice _ OK. I dont mind. A. are B. were C. is D. was( )18.Everybody except Mike and Linda _ there when the meeting began. A. is B. are C. was D. were專題三 連詞與復(fù)合句一、連詞與狀語從句1、連詞的分類：連詞分為并列連接詞和從屬連接詞兩種

35、。、并列連接詞連接并列的詞、短語、從句或句子。常見有：and(和),but(但是),or(或者,否則),nor(也不), so(所以), however(然而,無論如何),for(因?yàn)?,still(可是),as well as(也), both.and.(.和.), not only .but also.(不但而且), either or(或或),neither nor(既不也不)等。補(bǔ)充：(1)表并列關(guān)系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor等。(2)表選擇關(guān)系的or, eitheror等。(3)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, while等。(4)表因

36、果關(guān)系的for, so等。、從屬連接詞用于引導(dǎo)從句常見的有：when(當(dāng)時(shí)候), while(正當(dāng)時(shí)候), after(在之后), before(在之前), since(自從), until(直到), although/though(雖然), if(假如), as as(和一樣), as far as(就而言), as long as(只要), as soon as(一就), even if(即使), because(因?yàn)?, unless (除非), whether (是否), in order that(為了), sothat(如此以致), so that(以便), now that(現(xiàn)在

37、既然), by the time(到時(shí)候), every time(每當(dāng)), as if(好像),no matter when=whenever(無論何時(shí)),no matter where=wherever(無論在哪里)2. 狀語從句 (1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的if, unless等。 (3)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的because, as, since等。(4)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的so that, in order that等。 (5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的

38、though, although, even if=even though等。(6)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的so that, sothat, suchthat等。 補(bǔ)充：時(shí)間狀語從句與條件狀語從句中要用“主將從現(xiàn)” though與although不可以與but同時(shí)使用,但在句中可加still或yet連用 sothat中的so是個(gè)副詞，其后只能跟形容詞或副詞，such.that中的such是個(gè)形容詞，后接名詞或名詞短語真題演練( ) 1. She is a nice girl we all want to help her.A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D.

39、 very; that( ) 2. Mr. Green speaks very loudly all the people can hear him clearly.A. when B. so that C. because D. in order to( ) 3. Jack spends much money on books he is not so rich.A. though B. when C. if D. because( )4. Tomorrow were going to Xinhu Park. You can come with us you can meet us at t

40、he school gate.A. and B. but C. unless D. then( )5. It is a very beautiful house, it hasnt got a garden. A. but B. becauseC. so D. or( )6. Tom Mary plays the violin well, so they can teach you. A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. Either; or( )7. Kate, my friend is waiting outside,

41、I must go now. A. orB. but C. so D. though( )8. Can you tell me something about Hong Kong? Im sorry. I Jack has been there.A. Either; or B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Not only; but also( )9. Its quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the drivers people get off the bus. A. unless B. since C.

42、 until D. when( )10. Tommy, do you know if Frank to the zoo this Sunday if it ? Sorry, I have no idea. A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine( )11. I began to work in Shanghai in the year _ Hong Kong was returned to China. A. what B. which C. where

43、 D. when( )12. David will miss the plane he hurries up.A. once B. if C. when D. unless( )13. Its a serious problem. I cant decide Miss Black comes back. A. so B. while C. until D. since ( )14. I sent my storybook to my sister I liked it very much. A. if B. though C. when D. before( )15. Youd better

44、look up the new word in the dictionary you dont know it.A. if B. so C. though D. whether( )16. My aunt has been teaching in this school she was twenty-two years old. A. sinceB. for C. until D. after( )17. Remember to wash your hands you have dinner, my child. A. untilB. before C. when D. while( )18.

45、 I have kept the watch it was given by my grandfather several years ago.A. because B. so C. until D. if( )19. My father likes watching TV he is having breakfast. A. though B. because C. until D. while ( )20. I told Tony the exciting news he came back home last night. A. so that B. as soon as C. howe

46、ver D. until( 21. What shall we do now? its raining heavily, lets stay at home. A. Since B. So C. ThoughD. If二、賓語從句1. 考查賓語從句的語序： 賓語從句的語序用陳述句語序。即 “引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語+” Do you know when _? A. does the next train leave B. the next train leaves2.考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1).若賓語從句時(shí)陳述句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that 且that 可省掉 She said (that) she was

47、going to America the next day. 2).賓語從句時(shí)一般疑問句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用if 或whether，翻譯為“是否” . 補(bǔ)充：一般情況下if /whether 可互換，但后有or not / or 、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞的后面時(shí)，只能用whether . Im thinking about _ to go there . A. if B. whether C. that 3).賓語從句時(shí)特殊疑問句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問詞who, what, how much 等。 Do you know _? Im not sure ,Maybe he is a businessman .A

48、. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do3.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài) 1. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。Can you tell me _? He is a doctor . A. what is he B. what he was C. what he is D. what was he 2. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)He asked _.A. what time it is B. what time is it C. what time it was D.

49、what time was it He told me that he _ for the sports meet. A.is preparing B. was preparing C. will prepare D. has prepared 注：1) 如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Our teacher said that January_ the first month of the year. Our teacher said that the earth _(go) around the sun. 2).若主句為could you .?表示請(qǐng)求客氣的語氣，從句的時(shí)態(tài)仍然不變。Could you tell me _?A. what he was doing B. what was he doing C. what he is doing D. what is he doing真題演練( ) 1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ? A. where you buy it B. where do you buy itC. where you bought it D. wh