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1、10獨(dú)立主格 10.1 獨(dú)立主格 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成:名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞; 名詞(代詞)+形容詞; 名詞(代詞)+副詞; 名詞(代詞)+不定式; 名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構(gòu)成。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn):1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨(dú)立存在。 2)名詞或代詞與后面的分詞,形容詞,副詞,不定式,介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。 3)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。 The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考試結(jié)束了,我們開始放假。 The
2、 president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 總統(tǒng)被謀殺了,舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.天氣允許,我們明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后,我們才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone
3、tired to go home earlier.會議結(jié)束后,每個人都想早點(diǎn)回家。 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里,耳朵凍得紅通通的。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夾著本厚書,走出圖書館 10.2 with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨(dú)立主格 表示伴隨情況時,既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),也可用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):with +名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語。例如: He stood there, his hand rais
4、ed. = He stood there, with his hand raise.他舉手著站在那兒。 典型例題 The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back。 A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied 答案D. with +名詞(代詞)+分詞+介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時,其主語常常用with來引導(dǎo)。由于本句中名詞手與分詞綁是被動關(guān)系,因此用過去分詞,選D. 注意: 1) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)使用介詞的問題: 當(dāng)介詞是in時,其前后的兩個名詞均不加任何成分(如物
5、主代詞或冠詞),也不用復(fù)數(shù)。但 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制。例如:A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.(hand前不能加his)劫匪沖進(jìn)房間,手里拿著刀。 2) 當(dāng)表示人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時,及物動詞用現(xiàn)在分詞,不及物動詞用過去分詞。He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 他躺在那兒,牙緊咬,雙手握拳,兩眼直勾勾看著上面。 典型例題: Weather_, well go out for a walk. A permitte
6、d B permitting C permits D for permitting 答案B. 本題中沒有連詞,它不是復(fù)合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗號,且we 小寫,可知其不是兩個簡單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨(dú)立主格或with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。據(jù)此判斷,本句中使用的是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),其結(jié)構(gòu)為:名詞+分詞。 由于permit在這里翻譯為天氣允許,表主動,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,故選B。 如果不會判斷獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形式,不妨將句子改為條件句,例如本句改為If weather permits, well go out for a walk. 然后將if 去掉,再將謂語動詞改為非謂語動詞即可。 11. 動詞的時態(tài) 11
7、.1 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法 1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語: every, sometimes,at, on Sunday。例如: I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開家。 2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實(shí)。例如: The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。 3) 表示格言或警句。例如: Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。 注意:此用法如
8、果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。 4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。例如: I dont want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。 比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。 第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時,用于操作演
9、示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志,表示正在進(jìn)行的動作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。 11.2 一般過去時的用法 1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如: Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了? 2)表示在過去一段時間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。例如: When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
10、我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那時,布朗一家無論什么時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。 3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth 到時間了 該了。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。 It is time that sb. did sth. 時間已遲了 早該了 ,例如It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺了。 would (had) rather
11、 sb. did sth.表示寧愿某人做某事。例如:Id rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。 比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。) Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著) Mrs. Da
12、rby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去) 注意: 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語氣。 1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如: Did you want anything else? 您還要些什么嗎? I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。 2)情態(tài)動詞 could, would。例如:
13、Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎? 11.3 used to / be used to used to + do:過去常常表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。例如: Mother used not to be so forgetful.老媽過去沒那么健忘。 Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。 be used to + doing: 對已感到習(xí)慣,或習(xí)慣于,to是介詞,后需加名詞或動名詞。例如: He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to ta
14、king a walk. 斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。 典型例題 - Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. - Its 69568442. A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant 答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去,因此應(yīng)用過去時。 11.4 一般將來時 1)shall用于第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱,在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。例如: Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢? Wil
15、l you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎? 2)be going to +不定式,表示將來。 a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢? b. 計劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。 c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云,快要下雨了。 3)be +不定式表
16、將來,按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如: We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。 4)be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如: He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。 注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。 11.5 be going to / will 用于條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意愿。If you are going to make a journey,
17、youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 11.6 be to和be going to be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排) Im going to play football t
18、omorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排) 11.7 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來 1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如: The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時候開?十分鐘后。 2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進(jìn)行。例如: Here comes
19、 the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。 3)在時間或條件句中。例如: When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來后,讓他等我。 Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就寫信給你。 4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如: I hope they have a nice
20、time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。 11.8 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來 下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示將來。例如: Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎? 11.9 現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動
21、作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成:have (has) +過去分詞。 11.10 比較一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時 1)一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ev
22、er, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。 共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 3)現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married
23、等。例如: I saw this film yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了) I have seen this film. (強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了) Why did you get up so early? (強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了) Who hasnt handed in his paper? (強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭) He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He has been a League member for three years. (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)) 句子中如
24、有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時,要用過去時。 (錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 11.11 用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型 1)It is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分,用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如: It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城
25、市。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。 注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2)This is +形容詞最高級+that結(jié)構(gòu),that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如: This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。 典型例題 (1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. wa
26、s B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時,故選B。 (2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用于完成時。 注意:非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀
27、態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。 (錯)I have received his letter for a month. (對)I havent received his letter for almost a month. 11.12 比較since和for Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。例如: I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。 I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。 注意:并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。 I worke
28、d here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。) I have worked here for many years.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。) 注意:用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法,很容易排除非延續(xù)動詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時中的誤用。 1)(對) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2)(錯) Harry has got married for six
29、years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 顯然,第二句不對,它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. 11.13 since的四種用法 1) since +過去一個時間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。例如: I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。
30、 2) since +一段時間+ ago。例如: I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經(jīng)有五個月了。 3) since +從句。例如: Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,變化可大了。 Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走后,變化可大了。 4) It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如: It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
31、我考上研究生有兩年了。 11.14 延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞 1) 用于完成時的區(qū)別 延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如: He has completed the work.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果) Ive known him since then. 我從那時起就認(rèn)識他了。(表經(jīng)歷) 2) 用于till / until從句的差異 延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句,表示做直到 瞬間動詞用于否定句,表示到,才。例如: He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 點(diǎn)才回來。 He slept until ten ocloc
32、k. 他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。 典型例題 1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had metB. have met C. metD. meet 答案B. 首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。 2. -Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will
33、 be 答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。 11.15 過去完成時 1) 概念:表示過去的過去 -|-|-|- 其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。 那時以前 那時現(xiàn)在 2) 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如: She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。 b. 狀語從句 在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時;發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時。例如: When the police arrived, the thieves had
34、 run away. 警察到達(dá)時,小偷們早就跑了。 c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示原本,未能。例如: We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。 3)過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如: He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學(xué)過一些英語
35、。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 湯姆失望了,因?yàn)樗竭_(dá)晚會時,大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。 典型例題 The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had writte
36、n, leftB,were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left 答案D. 把書忘在辦公室發(fā)生在去取書這一過去的動作之前,因此忘了書這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點(diǎn),表示在同學(xué)們正忙于這一背景下,when所引導(dǎo)的動作發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時。 注意:had hardly when還沒等 就。例如: I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。 had no soonerthan 剛
37、就。例如: He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。 11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時 1)兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如: When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。 My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。 2 ) 兩個動作相繼發(fā)生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如: When I
38、heard the news, I was very excited. 3)敘述歷史事實(shí),可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如: Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 11.17 將來完成時 1) 構(gòu)成will have done 2) 概念 a. 狀態(tài)完成:表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態(tài)。例如: They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結(jié)婚將有二十年了。 b. 動作完成:表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前,已經(jīng)完成的動作或
39、獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。例如: You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時,你已經(jīng)到達(dá)上海了。 11.18 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的基本用法: a. 表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時)正在發(fā)生的事情。例如: We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。 b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行:表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如: Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在寫另一部小說。(說話時并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。) c. 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, tu
40、rn, run, go, begin等。例如: The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。 Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。 d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如: You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。 典型例題 My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it. A. has lost, dont
41、 find B. is missing, dont findC. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found. 答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài),應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時,由于沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應(yīng)用完成時,瞬間動詞用于否定式時可用于完成時。 11.19 不用進(jìn)行時的動詞 1)表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動詞,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。
42、This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。 2)表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。 He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。 3)瞬間動詞,如accept, receive, complete, finish, gi
43、ve, allow, decide, refuse等。例如: I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。 4)系動詞,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如: You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點(diǎn)累。 11.20 過去進(jìn)行時 1)概念:表示過去某時正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動作。 2)過去進(jìn)行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個長動作延續(xù)的時候,另一個短動作發(fā)生。 3) 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning,
44、all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如: My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。 It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時,正下著雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到達(dá)山頂時,陽光燦爛。 典型例題 1) Mary _ a dress
45、 when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用過去時。同時,when表時間的同時性,瑪麗在做衣服時提供事情發(fā)生的背景,因此用過去進(jìn)行時。 2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read;was fallingB. was reading; fellC. was reading; was fallingD. read;fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while,意為當(dāng)之時。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時,
46、用過去進(jìn)行;一個長動作發(fā)生的時候,另一個短動作發(fā)生。句意為 在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了。句中的 fell(fall的過去時),是系動詞,后跟形容詞,如:fall sick。 11.21 將來進(jìn)行時 1) 概念:表示將來某時進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動作,或按預(yù)測將來會發(fā)生的事情。例如: Shell be coming soon. 她會很快來的。 Ill be meeting him sometime in the future. 將來我一定去見他。 注意:將來進(jìn)行時不用于表示意志,不能說 Ill be having a talk with her. 2)常用的時間狀語有soon, tomorrow, this
47、 evening,on Sunday, by this time,tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。例如:By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach. 明天此時,我正躺在海灘上呢。 11.22 一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時 When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the
48、minute, the day, the year, immediately等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,條件句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。例如: He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨媽。 典型例題 (1)He said he_me a present unless I_ in doing the experiment. A. had not given; had not succeededB. would not give; succeeded C. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed. 答案B. 在時間,條件或讓步主語從句中一般不用將來時。本題有He said,故為過去式。主句用將來時,故選B. 此處用一般過去式代替了過去將來時。 (2) 表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項(xiàng),行程等活動。例如: The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物館明天10點(diǎn)開門。(實(shí)際上每天如此。) 11.23 一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般過去時
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