高中英語非謂語動詞

1、高中英語 非謂語動詞 一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.I want to read a book written by the woman living there. 謂語 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞 的種類：1.不定式（not to do）2.動名詞（ not doing）3.分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(not doing)過去分詞(not don

2、e)非謂語動詞的形式動詞不定式主動態(tài)被動態(tài)一般式to do to be done進行式to be doing完成式to have done to have been done完成進行式to have been doing不定式與謂語同時發(fā)生 進行式不定式比謂語先發(fā)生 完成式現(xiàn)在分詞主動態(tài) 被動態(tài)一般式doing being done 完成式having donehaving been done過去分詞done不定式與謂語同時發(fā)生 進行式不定式比謂語先發(fā)生 完成式1.He is too young to have seen the old society.2.The book is said t

3、o have been translated into Russian.3.Come, I am supposed to be calling you to lunch.4.You are too young to be meeting young man.動詞不定式的形式 John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主動態(tài)）He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被動態(tài))He pretended to be listening attentively. (進行式)He i

4、ntended to have told you that. (完成式主動態(tài))This work of art seemed to have been created long ago. (完成式的被動態(tài))Were happy to have been working with you. (完成進行式)現(xiàn)在分詞的形式 He sat in a chair, reading a novel. (一般式主動態(tài))Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被動態(tài))Having finished his homework, he went p

5、laying. (完成式主動態(tài))All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被動態(tài))ing-form與/比謂語的動作同時、后發(fā)生 一般式ing-form比謂語的動作先發(fā)生 完成式（強調(diào)先后關(guān)系）過去分詞的形式 Seen from the space, the earth is filled with water. (過去分詞被動態(tài))作 用種類主語賓語表語定語狀語補語動詞不定式動名詞分詞不定式在句子中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？1、主語To run is a good habit.(=It is a good habit to run.)2、表語Our

6、plan is to build a bridge over the river.3、賓語I want to buy a dictionary.4、定語He has a chance to go abroad5、狀語 To finish the work, he had to get up early.6、補語He asked us to help him.V-ing在句子當(dāng)中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？1、主語Nodding the head means agreement. 2、賓語Would you mind my closing the windows?3、表語His job is sellin

7、g newspapers.4、定語This is a swimming pool.5、補語He kept me waiting so long.6、狀語Walking in the street, I met my teacher.過去分詞在句子當(dāng)中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？1定語This is one of the schools built in 1980s.English is a widely used language.2、表語The shop is closed. 3、補語She felt her arm toughed.4、狀語Seen from the space, the earth

8、 looks blue.一、不定式可充當(dāng)成分:主語, 賓語, 賓語補足語, 表語, 定語, 狀語.不定式運用口訣 本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主、表、賓、補、定和狀。 樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語它不敢。 大家千萬要當(dāng)心，有時它把句型改， 作主賓時用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。 七個感官三使役， 賓補要把to甩開； 疑問詞后接上它，賓語從句可充當(dāng)； 邏輯主語不定式，不定式前for sb. ; to前not是否定， 各種用法區(qū)別開。1.不定式作主語To lose your heart means failure.It took me only five minutes to finish the job.To

9、do two things at a time is to do neither2.不定式作賓語You neednt bother to come yourself.They are considering what to do next.Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult to achieve success today.afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、

10、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire3.不定式作表語l What she wants to do most now is (to) travel abroad. l The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution. 主語的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì) He is to marry Rose. 表按計劃要做的事情.4.不定式作定語l I need a pen to write with.l Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly t

11、he Atlantic alone.l The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.5.不定式作賓語補足語We often hear her sing the song at home.My teacher asked me to go there on time.She was considered to have stolen the money.see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have6. 不定式作目的狀語Tim sat near t

12、he fire to get warm.The athletes practised hard to win the match.相當(dāng)于用in order (not) to，so as (not) to引導(dǎo)的目的狀語.7.不定式作結(jié)果狀語l 常用enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so + 形容詞/副詞 + as to, such + 名詞 as to do引導(dǎo)。Would you be so kind as to step this way, please?I tried the door, only to find it locked insi

13、de.He is brave enough to go out alone at nightIm not such a fool as to believe that.8. 不定式作原因狀語常放在表示心理感覺的形容詞后I am happy to see you.She was sad to hear the bad news.9.不定式的完成式.表示不定式中謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作先于主句的謂語動詞發(fā)出的動作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem、

14、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等動詞常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成時，但要注意與一般時的區(qū)別。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.對不起，請稍等。（說話時還未等）Im sorry to have kept you waiting.對不起，讓你久等了。（說話時已等了很久）10. 不定式的省略現(xiàn)象to do在下列動詞后作賓補 “to”省略：l

15、一聽(hear),二看(see，watch), 三感覺(feel), 四注意(notice)觀察（ observe ）使役動詞 let, have加make, “to”詞要省略，help 后或省或留都不錯 例 I watched him disappear in the distance. l 介詞but ,except, besides 后接不定式作賓語時，介詞前有行為動詞do ,不定式要省去to。 l 例 We did nothing but/except wait then. l l 不定式符號to作表語時的省略。當(dāng)主語部分有行為動詞do, 作表語的不定式to可省略。 例: What I

16、 want to do now is find some books to read. 11. 不定式后動詞的省略 動詞love, mean, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式時，為避免重復(fù)，常省略與上文相同的動詞，只保留to不定式符號。 句式 would have done , should have done, ought to have done, neednt have d

17、one , used to be 等省略形式為 would have , should have , ought to have, neednt have , used to be, 要保留不定式后的be或have。 例 -Are you a sailor ? - No, but I used to be (a sailor ). 二、動名詞l 充當(dāng)成分: 主語 賓語 表語 定語1. 動名詞作主語l Seeing is believing.l Playing chess is fun.l Its no use waiting here.2. 動名詞作表語 l The nurses job is

18、 looking after the patients.l The nurse is looking after the patients.3. 動名詞作賓語 l 下列動詞后只能接動名詞：suggest, finish, avoid, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, permitl Do you mind my opening the windows? l 下列動詞短語接動名詞：leave off, put

19、off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。I am used to watching TV in the evening. 4. 動名詞作定語 l 動名詞作定語時，動名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系. l reading text l a sleeping bag l a walking stickl running water l dev

20、eloped country 5. 動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)l I am used to watching TV in the evening. l She regret not having studied the computer hard. l His being looked down upon made him sick.l I cant really stand being treated like that. 三、分詞l 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞.l 充當(dāng)成分:l 賓語補足語,表語, 定語, 狀語.（一）現(xiàn)在分詞1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作時間、原因、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語。V-i

21、ng 形式作狀語,可表時間、原因、方式、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨或陪襯等含義, 相當(dāng)于一個對應(yīng)的狀語從句所表達的意思.Walking in the street, I came across an old friend.= When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.Being ill, he didnt go to school.=As he was ill, he didnt go to school. Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom. （方式

22、）If you use your head, you will find a way. =Using your head, you will find a way.Though weighting almost one hundred jin, the box was lifted by him with one hand. = Though it weights We were sitting by the window,talking about what happened yesterday.(伴隨）1.當(dāng)v-ing形式作狀語時，若它所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，需用having do

23、ne2. v-ing形式作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須和主語保持一致；否則必須帶有自己的邏輯主語l 注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的幾個特性。時間性。與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，用一般時，如發(fā)生在謂語動作之前時則用完成式having done。語態(tài)性。與句子的主語之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。遵循的規(guī)則“主動進行，被動完成”。主語一致性。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語1. The picture_ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung2Reading is an

24、 experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed3. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt（二）過去分詞

25、1. 過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，用來說明原因、時間、條件等。分詞短語作狀語時，通常與主句中的主語在邏輯上一致，但有時它也可以有自己獨立的邏輯上的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語，修飾謂語，大多說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情景，表示時間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況等。一般說來，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語是主句的主語。a、表示時間Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.When

26、it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.b、表示條件Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.c、表示原因As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.d、表示伴隨情況She

27、walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.e、表示讓步Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.2. 過去分詞作定語1. Linda worked for the Minnesota

28、Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known3. 分詞作賓補l 1) 跟分詞作賓補的動詞有：catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等 l 2) 在復(fù)合賓語中，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，說明賓語是動作的發(fā)出者，形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；用過去分詞作賓補，表示賓語是動作的承受者，構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。 如:l There w

29、as so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard.l When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.非謂語動詞的比較不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作主語的區(qū)別 不定式作主語表示具體動作 It is not very good for you to smoke so much. 你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。(具體) 現(xiàn)在分詞作主語通常表示抽象動作； Smoking is prohibited here 這里禁止抽煙。(抽象) 不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語的區(qū)

30、別英語中大多數(shù)動詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動名詞作直接賓語，但有些動詞要求1. 不定式常用以下動詞后作賓語：agree, ask, attempt, begin, demand, desire, dislike, expect, decide, seem, intend, try, permit, refuse, manage, order, persuade, tend, fail, choose, forget, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, wait, 等。例如:He managed to pass the exam. He promised to be h

31、ere at nine. I didnt expect to see you here.2.動名詞常用以下動詞后作賓語:admit, avoid cant help, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, mind, practice, suggest, look forward to, be used to doing, succeed in, feel like, stick to, etc. 例如： Some people do not enjoy smoking. He avoided answering my question defin

32、itely. We are looking forward to seeing you again.不定式, 現(xiàn)在分詞, 過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別不定式表示即將發(fā)生的動作, The building to be completed next month is our library.現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作, The building being built is our library.過去分詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作. The building built is our library.不定式, 現(xiàn)在分詞, 過去分詞做狀語的區(qū)別不定式作狀語一般表示目的,結(jié)果或原因:They stood by th

33、e roadside to talk about the plan(目的The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf(結(jié)果) We are glad to hear the news.(原因) 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨,主動或現(xiàn)在They stood by the roadside talking about the plan(伴隨) Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.過去分詞作狀語一般表示被動或完成Given more attention, the tree

34、s could have grown better. The pop singer,followed by two body guards, came to meet his fans. 不定式, 現(xiàn)在分詞, 過去分詞做賓補的區(qū)別有些使役動詞及感官動詞后如let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch等 動詞不定式只說明賓語的一個動作,賓語與動詞不定式是主動關(guān)系 Just then he heard someone sing in the next room.現(xiàn)在分詞說明賓語的動作正在進行，賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞是主動關(guān)系 Then he he

35、ard someone singing in the next room.過去分詞說明賓語與過去分詞是被動關(guān)系 He had his bike repaired yesterday. He found his watch stolen.非謂語動詞的其他注意之處:1. 主語一致1. Having been attacked by terrorists, _.A. doctors cane to their rescue B. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to

36、 tourists 2While watching television, _. Athe doorbell rang Bthe doorbell ringsCwe heard the doorbell ring Dwe heard the doorbell rings2. with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with + 名詞+doing to do done1. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on2_ and no way to reduce her pai

37、n and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctors help to end her life. AHaving given up hope of cure BWith no hope for cureCThere being hope for cure DIn the hope of cure3.有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別 1）forget to do 忘記要去做某事（此事未做） forget doing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生） 2）remember to do 記住去做

38、某事（未做） remember doing記得做過某事(已做) 3) regret to do對要做的事遺憾 regret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔 4）stop to do 停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事 5）try to do努力、企圖做某事 try doing試驗、試一試某種辦法 6) mean to do打算，有意要 mean doing意味著 7）go on to do 繼而（去做另外一件事情） go on doing 繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情） 8）propose to do 打算（要做某事） propose doing建

39、議（做某事） 4.不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語 I have something to do tonight. He still has a lot of homework to finish. 5.疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語: When to start has not been decided. (主語) I dont know what to do我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語) The difficulty was how to cross

40、 the river (表語) 6. 非謂語動詞中的句型 1）Doing.+ v. Reading is an art.閱讀是門藝術(shù)。 Seeing is believing.眼見為實。 2) It is + no use/ good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, .)等名詞+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭沒有用。3)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth 做某事沒用 There is no use crying over spilt milk 4)

41、go +Ving示“從事”之意 Ill go camping tomorrow我明天去露營。 Ill go shopping我去商店。 It is no good objecting.反對也沒有用。 5)在want, need, require等動詞后,常用動名詞的主動形式表 示被動的意思。例如： My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.)6)在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)Generally / Frankly speaking , Judging from / by 中，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，這種結(jié)構(gòu)只限于為數(shù)很少的幾個動詞 Judgi

42、ng by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family. Frankly speaking, I dont like him at all.1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself_ . (NMET91 34) A.hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard2. On afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, _ some bananas and visited her cousin. (NMET91 2

43、3) A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. writing3. -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? (NMET92 14) A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going4. _ a reply, he decided to write again. (MET92 39) A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having

44、 not received5. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (MET93 17) A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 6. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room. (MET93 24) A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn7. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. (MET93

45、 34)A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 8. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time. -Thats all right. (MET94 21) A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know9. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (NMET94 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding10. The missing boys were last se