高一何厚男教案5被動語態(tài)

1、一對一授課教案學(xué)員姓名：_何厚男_年級：_高一_所授科目：_英語_上課時間：_2012_ 年_10月_4日_ 3_時_ _30_分至_5時_ 30_分共 _2_小時老師簽名學(xué)生簽名教學(xué)主題被動語態(tài)上次作業(yè)檢查本次上課表現(xiàn)本次作業(yè)被動語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)概述 語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來表示被動意義。如：he opened the door. 他打開了這

2、扇門。（主動語態(tài)）the door was opened.這扇門被打開了。（被動語態(tài)）二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。1、被動語態(tài)常用的時態(tài) （以do為例） 時態(tài) 主動形式 被動形式1. 一般現(xiàn)在時do/does am/is/are + done（be隨人稱變化）2.一般過去時：did was/were done3.一般將來時：will do will be done4.過去將來時：would do would be done5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am/is/are doing am

3、/is/are being done6.過去進(jìn)行時：was/were doing was/were being done7.現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has done have/has been done8.過去完成時：had done had been done9.有情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞+do 情態(tài)動詞+be+done10.含有不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：to do to be done 2、被動語態(tài)的句式變化： 以一般現(xiàn)在時和動詞invite為例，列表說明被動語態(tài)的句式變化： 3、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞； 其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成，“be+過去分詞”部

4、分不變。如：tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。 tables could be made of stone at that time.那時桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過去時） can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問句）三、被動語態(tài)的用法：1、不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。 如：the bridge was built last year.這座橋是去年建造的。2、當(dāng)更加強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時。此時動作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)置于謂語動詞之后，不需要時可以省略。如：the room hasnt been cleane

5、d yet.房間還沒有打掃。the tiger was killed by him.老虎被他殺死了。3、當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者不是人時，多用被動語態(tài)。 如：the window was blown by wind.窗戶被風(fēng)吹開了。4、表示客觀的說明常用“it is + 過去分詞”句型。 如：it is said that lucy has gone abroad.據(jù)說露茜已經(jīng)出國了。其它常見的“it is + 過去分詞+ that”句型還有：a、it is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道 b、it is said that據(jù)說 c、it is believed that大家相信 d、it is su

6、ggested that有人建議 e.據(jù)推測itissupposedthat f.希望itishopedthat 眾所周知 g. itiswellknownthat h.普遍認(rèn)為itisgenerallyconsideredthat四、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換圖示： 1、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟：(1)將主動句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z： 注意：如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛?2)將動詞改為“be+過去分詞”。 注意： they held a meeting yesterday. a meeting was held by them yesterday. 他們昨天開會了。(3)將主動語態(tài)

7、的主語改為by放在謂語動詞后。注意： 如果原主語是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。 如：he sang a song. a song was sung by him.2、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)：（1）把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。 如：wehaveboughtanewcomputer.anewcomputerhasbeenbought. (2)主動句中的主語如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人們”、“大家”的單詞，變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，通常刪去“by”，但原主語被強(qiáng)調(diào) 時除外。年。th

8、e job can be finished only by him.這項(xiàng)工作只能由他來完成。(3)含有雙賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語的句子，每個賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，即其被動語態(tài)有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語作主語。如：jack told us the truth.杰克告訴了我們真相。 we were told the truth by jack. the truth was told (to) us by jack. 注意：一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, sho

9、w, take, tell等。 eg. themagazinewaspassedontome. 一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：build, buy, cook, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing等。eg. anewskirtwasmadeforme.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to，這時不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語，也就是說不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語不

10、存在省略to的問題。eg.theroadwasmadetofallontoanotheronebelowbytheearthquake. 有些既不用to也不用for,根據(jù)動詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系。he asks me a question.a question was asked of me. 3.由動詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個及物動詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動詞有： 如:agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about等。 如：

11、itneedntbetalkedabout. 以及bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out等。 如：hisrequestwasturneddown. 4.當(dāng)主動句的主語是nobody,noone等含有否定意義的不定代詞時，被動句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody,作by的賓語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如： thequestioncannotbeanswer

12、edbyanybody. 5.當(dāng)否定句中的賓語是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代詞時，在被動句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing,nobody,noone作主語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如： nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean. 6.以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用bywhom放在句首： bywhomwasthestorywritten? 7.有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write,r

13、ead,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如： 對比： thebooksweresoldout.(被動句) themeatdidntcookwell.(主動句) 8.下列情況主動句不能改為被動句： 第一，感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：see, notice, watch, smell, hear, feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。感官動詞就有表被動含義 第二，謂語是及物動詞leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。 第三，一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：takeplace,brea

14、kout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。 第四，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。 1. it is said that a new robot _by him in a few days.a. designed b. has been designed c. will be designed d. will have been designed2. we are late. i expect the film _by the time we get to the cinema.a. wil

15、l already have started b. would already have startedc. shall have already started d. has already been started3. she will stop showing off if no notice_ of her. a. is taken b. takes c. will be taken d. has taken4. diamond _in brazil in 1971.a. is found b. has been foundc. was found d. had been found5

16、. “have you moved to the new flat?”“not yet. the room _.”a. has been painted b. is paintedc. paints d. is being painted6. my pictures _until next friday.a. wont develop b. arent developedc. dont develop d. won t be developed7. tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago.a. had been unemployed b. was

17、unemployedc. has been unemployed d. has unemployed8. a great number of colleges and universities _since 1949.a. has been establish b. have been established c. have established d. had been established9. ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here.a. would be fined

18、 b. will be fined c. will being fined d. will have been fined10. “_two tickets for the new play at the grand theatre on saturday. shall we go and see it together?”a. they have been given b. i have been given c. i am given d. they have given to me11. the subject of these lectures _by the lecture comm

19、ittee.a. is announced b. have been announcedc. are announced d. has been announced12. i found an aspirin bottle _dropped on the floor of davids room.a. was b. had c. had been d. is13.the goods _when we arrived at the airport.a. were just unloading b. were just been unloading c. had just unloaded d.

20、were just being unloaded14. if one _by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.a. overcomes b. is overcomec. has been overcome d. overcome15. most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them _taken in the past.a. was not b. were notc. were not being d

21、. had not been16. you ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now _sour.a. i smell b. it is smeltc. it smells d. it is smelling17. after the race_, the celebration began.a. had been won b. is wonc. will be won d. has been won18. he was here for a little while, but i dont knows where she _now

22、.a. is c. had been d. has been18. the young teacher has _ competent.a. been proved to be b. proved to bec. been proved d. proved being19. pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, _ photographically in march 1930.a. discovered b. was discoveredc. by discovery d. when discovered20. to get a be

23、tter view of the stage, _.a. our seats had to be changed b. our seats were changedc. we had to change our seats d. our seats were changed by us 22. after synthetic_, engineers had a better choice of material.a. created b. has createdc. has been created d. had been created23. i think much attention _

24、your pronunciation.a. must be paid to b. ought to be paid to c. must pay to d. should be paid to24. since 1970, millions of enthusiasts _vitamin c, which they believe can remedy the common cold.a. have taken b. have been takenc. have been taking d. have been taking25. i dont remember _the chance to

25、try this method.a. having been given b. to have been givenc. having given d. to have given26. we could ask someone to do the work privately without it_.a. know b. be knownc. being known d. to be known27. the construction of the laboratory _by the end of next month.a. must be completed b. must have b

26、een completedc. will be completing d. will have been completing28. they would tell how the african _on a ship to an american port. a. was brought b. could have been broughtc. had been brought d. was to be brought 29. he does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to peter.a. is belonged to b. belo

27、ngedc. belongs d. is belonging 30. negotiation _again with moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then.a. is to be opened b. is on the point of openingc. is going to open d. opens 作業(yè)：for several years, americans have enjoyed teleshopping-watching tv and buying things by phone. now teleshop

28、ping is starting in europe. in some _1_ countries, people can turn on their _2_ and shop for clothes, jewelry, food, toys and _3_ things.teleshopping is becoming popular in sweden. _4_, the biggest swedish company sells different kinds of things on tv in fifteen european countries, and in one year,

29、it makes $10 million. in france, there are two teleshopping channels, and the french _5_ about $ 20 million a year in buying things through those channels.in germany, _6_ last year teleshopping was only possible on one channel for one hour every day. then the government allowed more teleshopping. ot

30、her channels can _7_ for telebusiness, including the largest american teleshopping company and a 24-hour teleshopping company. german _8_ are hoping these will help them sell more things.some people like teleshopping because it allows them to do their shopping without _9_. with all the traffic probl

31、ems in cities, going shopping is not an easy thing. but at the same time, other europeans _10_ like this new way of buying things. they call _11_ “junk on the air.” many europeans usually worry about the quality of the things _12_ on tv. they think high quality is the most important thing, and they

32、dont believe they can be sure about the quality of the things _13_.the need of high quality means that european teleshopping companies will have to be _14_ the american companies. they will have to be more careful about _15_ of the things they sell. they will also have to work harder to sell things

33、that the buyers cannot touch or see by themselves.1. a. europeanb. asianc. americand. african2. a. lights b. switchesc. radiosd. tvs3. a. some else b. another manyc. the otherd. many other4. a. such asb. for examplec. for teleshoppingd. it is like5. a. takesb. costc. spendsd. spend6. a. to b. untilc

34、. unlessd. by7. a. beginb. leavec. opend. turn on8. a. peopleb. womenc. businessmend. officials9. a. to go outb. going outc. to buy thingsd. buying things10. a. stillb. dontc. evend. wont11. a. teleshoppingb. tvc. radiod. telephone12. a. appearingb. coming outc. for saled. to buy13. a. in the shopb.

35、 on tvc. they boughtd. by this way14. a. the same withb. different fromc. as big asd. larger than15. a. the numberb. the qualityc. the placesd. the buyerseverywhere man is altering the balance of naturehe is facilitating the spread of plants and animals into new regions, sometimes deliberately, some

36、times unconsciouslyhe is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants, or with houses, factories, slag-heaps and other products of his civilizationhe exterminates some species on a large scale, but favours the multiplication of othersin brief, he has done more in five thousand years to alter the bio

37、logical aspect of the planet than has nature in five millionmany of these changes which he has brought about have had unforeseen consequenceswho would have thought that the throwing away of a piece of canadian waterweed would have caused half the waterways of britain to be blocked for a decade, or t

38、hat the provision of pot cacti for lonely settlers wives would have led to eastern australian being overrun with forests of prickly pear? who would have prophesied that the cutting down of forests on the adriatic coasts, or in parts of central africa, could have reduced the land to a semi desert, wi

39、th the very soil washed away from the bare rock? who would have thought that improved communications would have changed history by the spreading of disease-sleeping sickness into east africa, measles into oceania, very possibly malaria into ancient greece?these are spectacular examples; but examples on a smaller scale are everywhere to be foundwe make a nature sanctuary for rare birds, prescribing absolute security for all species; and we may find that some common and hardy kind of bird multiplies beyond measure and ousts the rare kinds in which we were pa