高一定語(yǔ)從句講解(用)

1、定語(yǔ)從句The attributive clauses定語(yǔ)從句一般都跟在它所修飾的名詞后面，所以如果在名詞或代詞后面出現(xiàn)一個(gè)從句，根據(jù)它與前面名詞或代詞的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)判斷是否是定語(yǔ)從句。一、定義在復(fù)合句中，修飾主語(yǔ)句中某一名詞或代詞的從句，叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句起形容詞作用，主句中被修飾的名詞或代詞稱(chēng)為先行詞。如： Li Ming is the first boy who reached the top of the mountain that day . 先行詞 定語(yǔ)從句李明是那天第一個(gè)登上山頂?shù)暮⒆?。二、組成結(jié)構(gòu)定語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成方法是：先行詞+關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞+從句1關(guān)系代詞：that, wh

2、ich, who, whom, whose, as等； 關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why等2關(guān)系詞的功能：A.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句； B.指代前面所修飾的先行詞； C.在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某種相對(duì)應(yīng)的句子成份；D.在限定性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)可以省略。例如：The boy (who/ that/ whom) we saw yesterday was my classmates.先行詞 關(guān)系詞 定語(yǔ)從句注意：在定語(yǔ)從句中相應(yīng)的成份應(yīng)省去，因?yàn)樵摮煞菀延申P(guān)系詞充當(dāng)。關(guān) 系 詞（引導(dǎo)詞）指 代對(duì) 象作 用主 語(yǔ)賓 語(yǔ)定 語(yǔ)表 語(yǔ)狀 語(yǔ)關(guān) 系代 詞that人/物which物as人/物Who人Whom人

3、whose人/物關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間Where地點(diǎn)why原因注意：當(dāng)先行詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，但作主語(yǔ)時(shí)決不能省略；例如：The girl who/that is reading English is Wei Hua. (指人，作主語(yǔ)，不可省略)Here is the man (whom/who/that) you are looking for. (指人，作賓語(yǔ)，可省略)Its the question that/which needs careful consideration. (指物，作主語(yǔ)，不可省略)The book (which/that) you lent me is very in

4、teresting. (指物，作賓語(yǔ)，可省略)The missing pilot whose name is Wang Wei is known as a hero of our country. (指人，作定語(yǔ))The chair whose leg was broken has been repaired. (指物，作定語(yǔ))I will never forget the day when I went to university. (指時(shí)間，作狀語(yǔ))I have found a peaceful place where I can study. (指地點(diǎn)，作狀語(yǔ))This is reaso

5、n why he was late. (指原因，作狀語(yǔ))三、定語(yǔ)從句種類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句有兩種：限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。兩者區(qū)別：1、限定性定語(yǔ)從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有who, whom, whose, that, which, as,when,where,why等；2、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，沒(méi)有這種從句不影響主句意思的完整。一般用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開(kāi)。關(guān)系代詞用which，不用that；指人時(shí)可用who, whom。如：This is the sister who have been to NewYork t

6、wice.( 限定性定語(yǔ)從句)I have two sisters, who are both students.(非限定性定語(yǔ)從句)I have lost the pen, which I like very much. （非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，不可用that）四、介詞+which/whom 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句The person to whom you should write is Mr Ball.這是一個(gè)由“perp+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。用這類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)必須注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1 當(dāng)先行詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)，且介詞位于從句的句首與關(guān)系代詞連用時(shí)，使用“perp+whom”引

7、導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。The person to whom I lent my bicycle is Herry.2 當(dāng)先行詞是物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)，且介詞位于從句的句首與關(guān)系代詞連用時(shí)，使用“perp+which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。The hospital in which I was born was very small.3 介詞可后移，關(guān)系代詞可省略。The person (whom/who/that) I lent my bicycle to is Mr Ball.The hospital (which/that) I was born in was very small.4 含有

8、介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞look for , look after 等，在定語(yǔ)從句中不要拆開(kāi)，也就是說(shuō)不要介詞放在從句句首。Is this the pen (which/that) you are looking for?The person he is looking for is his brother.5 位于介詞后不可用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句改錯(cuò)：Do you know the way in that he solved the problem? 6 對(duì)于“perp+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，如何選擇介詞這個(gè)問(wèn)題，可歸納為以下幾點(diǎn)：（1）.根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配。如： Do you know

9、 the man with whom you just shook hands ?(2) .由先行詞決定。如： Ill never forget the day on which I joined the Party.(3).由句子表達(dá)的全部意思決定。如： Water is very important for us without which we cant live.7. 特殊使用：Mr Green is the boss in whose company my sister works . I have no room in which to live. (不可用where代替 in w

10、hich，在不定式前只能用prep+which 作定語(yǔ)修飾前面的名詞)五、that和which的用法1關(guān)系代詞在指物時(shí)只用that，不用which的情況(1)當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞，如all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等All THAT can be done has been done.I didnt want this recorder; I want the one THAT was borrowed yesterday.(2)先行詞（指物的）前面有only, few, one of, li

11、ttle, no, all, every, very等詞修飾時(shí)Theres no difficulty THAT we cant overcome.Ive read all the books THAT can be borrowed here.This is the very man THAT I want to see.(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞first, last, next等或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)This is the first letter THAT Ive written in English.She is the most careful girl THAT Ive ever kn

12、own.(4)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)They talked about the people and places THAT they had visited.(5)當(dāng)先行詞是系動(dòng)詞be后面表語(yǔ)或關(guān)系詞本身是從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)(無(wú)論先行詞是人還是物)Shanghai isnt the city THAT it used to be 60 years ago.He is no longer the man THAT he used to be.(6)當(dāng)主句是以who, which或what開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)Who is the man THAT is waiting at the school gat

13、e?Which is the car THAT ran over a dog yesterday? What did you see THAT made you so angry?(7)當(dāng)主句以There be結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)頭時(shí)，或關(guān)系代詞在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中作實(shí)義主語(yǔ)，先行項(xiàng)為物There is a seat in the corner THAT is still free.There are two books on history THAT are for you.The 9.15 is the fastest train THAT there has ever been.(8)當(dāng)先行詞是基

14、數(shù)詞時(shí)Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two THAT are still alive.2關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只用which而不用that的情況 (1)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)并且介詞提至關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)只用which，但當(dāng)介詞在從句句尾時(shí)，兩者皆可。This is the question about which weve had so much discussion.= This is the question which/that weve had so much

15、discussion about.This is the book which/that I am looking for.(此時(shí)for不可以提到which之前，因look for是固定搭配，不能拆開(kāi)。)(2)、在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中必須用which，不能用that。They have invited me to visit their country ,which is kind of them.( 此時(shí)which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子，不可用that，也不可置于句首。) 注意：which作介詞賓語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句或在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中不能省略。 六、定語(yǔ)從句中只用who,不用th

16、at的情況1先行詞是one, ones或anyone時(shí);先行詞為those 或被those修飾，指人時(shí)One who does not work hard will never succeed.Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.She is the only one of the students who has been to the USA.Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.2在以there be的句子中，先行詞為人時(shí)T

17、here is a comrade outside who wants to see you.3當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中又有定語(yǔ)從句,且先行項(xiàng)都為人時(shí)The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.4在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中指人I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America.5定語(yǔ)從句中有插入語(yǔ)時(shí), 且先行項(xiàng)為人時(shí)Jackson is a man who I believe is honest.七、as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1、as用作關(guān)系代詞

18、和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成the same as, such as ,as as, so as等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：I like the same book as you do. (as作賓語(yǔ))I shall do it in the same way as you did. (as作狀語(yǔ))2、as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。as在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明整個(gè)句子，可以放在主句之前。例如：As we all know, he studies very hard. (as指代整個(gè)句子, 作賓語(yǔ))The experiment is very impor

19、tant, as indeed it is. (as指代整個(gè)句子, 作表語(yǔ))常用的這種類(lèi)似插入語(yǔ)的句式有as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is known to all, as it is, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。3、關(guān)系代詞as和which在定語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別是：which不能放在句首，而as則可以；在句中時(shí)，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which指“這一點(diǎn)”、“這一切”或“這么一種狀況”如：It rained heavily, wh

20、ich added to our difficulty. As is known to us, Taiwan is part of China.= Taiwan is part of China, as is known to us.八、定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致1、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和先行詞的性和數(shù)保持一致。I, who am your friend, enjoy traveling.Those who want to go for a strike sign your names here.Anyone who breaks the rules will be published

21、. 2、在“one of+名詞（復(fù)數(shù)）”這一結(jié)構(gòu)作為先行詞時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，而“the only one of+名詞（復(fù)數(shù)）” 作為先行詞時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。This is one of the books which were written by Lu Xun.He is the only one of the boys who has learned French.定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化練習(xí)一、定語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)項(xiàng)突破練習(xí)1. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who is B. who am C.

22、that is D. which am2. The old man has two sons, _ are lawyers.A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they3. He is a man of great knowledge, _ much can be learned.A .in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom4. I can tell you _ he told me last week.A. all which B. all what C. th

23、at all D. all that5. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn A. that B. / C. which D. what6. Air, _we breathe every day, is around us all the time.A. that B./ C. which D. it7. This is the museum _we saw an exhibition the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. in that8. This museum is _ you visited

24、the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. the one9. This is the museum _ you saw the other day.A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 10. It is the third time _ late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived11. It was in 1969_ the American astro

25、naut succeeded in landing on the moon.A. that B. which C. in which D. when12. We often think of the days _we spent together on the island.A. when B. which C. in which D. during which13. Have you ever been to Shanghai, _I left ten years ago A. where B. which C. that D. when 14. He has left Beijing, _

26、a meeting is to be held.A. when B. where C. as D. which15. This is the very place _Im wishing to live in.A. where B. which C. that D. in which16. I have bought the same dress _she is wearing.A. as B. that C. which D than17. Can you solve such problems _raised by the audience A. what were B. as were

27、C. that were D. which were18. The reason _he didnt come was _he was injured.A. that, because B. why, that C. why, because D. that, that19. He must be from Africa, _can be seen from his skin.A. that B. as C. it D. what20. His father died last year, _made it impossible for him to go abroad.A. when B.

28、which C. as D. that21. _is natural, he married Mary.A. It B. What C. Which D. As22. The buses, _were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most of them B. most of which C. which most D. that most23. All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A. the thing B. that C. what D. which24. He paid the

29、boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of _had not been cleaned for years. A. these B. those C. that D. which25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom26. This is one of the means _ the electric energy is conducted from

30、one place to another.A. by which B. by that C. through which D. through that27. The place _ you are going to visit is the ruin of a place.A. in which B. at which C. where D. which28. The factory _I am going to is the place _my mother used to work many years ago.A. where, where B. where, which C. whi

31、ch, where D. that, which29. Dont do such things _ you are not sure about.A. that B. which C. as D. what30. Robert is good at language, _ we all know.A. because B. for C. as D. since二、定語(yǔ)從句易混點(diǎn)對(duì)比專(zhuān)練1. The man _ she married last year was a soldier. A. whom B. to whom C. with whom D. whose The man _ she w

32、as married was a soldier. A. whom B. to whom C. with whom D. who 2. The day _ she spent with us was never to be forgotten. A. / B. on which C. when D. in whichThe day _ she played with us was never to be forgotten. A. that B. when C. which D. /3. Is this the factory _ you visited last week. A. where

33、 B. which C. to which D. in which Is this factory _ you visited last week. A. that B which C in which D. the one4. The house _ window faces south is for the doctor. A. which B. that C. whose D. of which The house _ faces south is for the doctor. A. which B. whose C. who D. where5. She brought forwar

34、d a plan _ we couldnt agree. A. that B. which C. / D. to which She brought forward a plan _ we couldnt accept.A. / B. for which C. to which D .of which6. The invention _ she spent 2 years will do well to the world.A. which B. / C. on which D. when The invention _ took her 2 years will do well to the

35、 world. A. which B. / C. on which D. it7. The English subject, _ I do well, is important in middle schools.A. which B. that C. in which D. at which The English subject_ I have mastered well, is important in middle school. A. / B. at which C. that D. in which8. Tom, _ I went to the concert, is a frie

36、nd of mine. A. whom B. who C. with which D. whose Tom,_ bicycle 1 went to the concert,is a friend of mine. A. whom B. who C. whose D. on whose9. The place _ you visited during your holidays is where I used to be for years.A. where B. which C. in which D. to which The place _ you stayed for 3 years i

37、s where an ancient city used to be.A. where B. which C. that D. to which10. She will fly to Washington,_ is the capital of the U.S.A. that B. where C. which D. in which She will fly to Washington,_ she can enjoy herself. A. where B. that C. which D./11. The story happened on a day _ the weather was

38、wet and cold.A. when B. which C. in which D. on when The story happened on a day _ was wet and cold. A. then B. on which C. which D./12. The sun heats the earth,_ we all know.A. that B. which C. as D. where The sun heats the earth,_ makes it possible to grow crops. A. which B. that C. as D. where13.

39、 Tom,_ we had expected,got the 1st place in the competition(比賽).A. as B. which C. whom D. who Tom,_ we had expected to help us,didnt even show his face . A. as B. whom C. that D. which三、定語(yǔ)從句典型題精選練習(xí)1. This is all_ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else_ yo

40、u require .A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _we visited was the Great Wall.A. which B. that C. where D. it4. He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A. that B. wh

41、ich C. where D. in that6. This is one of the best books_.A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written7. He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything _ he saw on the way to the Paris.A. what B. that C. which D. where8. Is oxygen the only gas

42、_ helps fire burn .A. that B. / C. which D. it9. Is there anything _ to you A. that is belonged B. that belongs. C. which belongs D. that belong10. The scientist and his achievements _ you told me about are admired by us all.A. which B. that C. who D. whose11. Which of the books _ were borrowed from

43、 him is the best A. which B. what C. that D. whose12. Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a well A. in front of it B. in front of whose C .in front of which D. in front which13. Ill never forget the day _ I joined the League.A. on which B. in which C. which D. at which14. The woman _ my

44、 brother spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B. to whom C. to who D. whom15. Jeanne was her old friend, _ she borrowed a necklace. A. from who B. from whom C. to that D. to whom16. His glasses, _he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke its leg.A. which B. with which C. without which D.

45、 that17. She is a teacher of much knowledge, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom18. He built a telescope _ he could study the skies.A. in which B. with that C. through which D. by it19. Do you know the reason _ he was late .A. that B. which C. for what D. for which20. I

46、have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of which B. neither of which C. none of them D. neither of them21. The Second World War _ millions of people were killed in 1945.A. during which B. in that C. where D. on which22. China has many rivers, _the Changjiang River is the longest. A. which B.

47、 in which C .among which D. one of which23. This is the very knife _ I used to cut apples yesterday. A. that B. by which C. which D. with which24. Is this factory _ you visited last year A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 25. Mr. Smith is the only one of those foreigners who _ working in China.

48、A. is B. has C. have D. are四、定語(yǔ)從句高考真題回顧1. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which2. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real na