連詞與主從復合句ppt課件

1、conjunction1;. 連詞是一種虛詞， 它不能獨立擔任句子成分。用來連接詞，短語，從句與句子。 連詞主要可分為兩類：l并列連詞l從屬連詞2;.31并列連詞表示詞，短語，并列連詞表示詞，短語， 從句或句子之間具有并列關系。從句或句子之間具有并列關系。 可以表示平行關系，轉(zhuǎn)折關系，選擇關系可以表示平行關系，轉(zhuǎn)折關系，選擇關系 和因果關系。和因果關系。and (和和) both and（和（和,兩者都）兩者都）neither nor（既不（既不也不也不）not only but also(不但不但 而且而且)as well as (和和, 也也, 除除外外, 而且而且) 1.表示平行關系的連

2、詞：表示平行關系的連詞：as well (也也,而且而且,) 用于句末用于句末.4他是一個科學家他是一個科學家, 而且也是一個詩人而且也是一個詩人.He is a scientist, but he is a poet as well.He is a scientist as well as a poet.他們也會來嗎他們也會來嗎?Are they coming as well?52.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關系的連詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折關系的連詞:but while (而而, 雖然雖然) yet (可是可是) however (而而) whereas (而而) nevertheless(然而然而, 不過不過)6表示轉(zhuǎn)折

3、或?qū)Ρ缺硎巨D(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，while表示對比。Somepeoplelovecats,whileothershatethem.典型例題-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?-Idliketo,_Imtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.but答案D。but與前面形成轉(zhuǎn)折，符合語意。而表并列的and，結(jié)果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。2)notbut意思為不是而是not和but后面的用詞要遵循一致原則。Theywerenotthebonesofananimal,but(thebones)ofahumanbeing.73.表示選擇關系的連詞表示

4、選擇關系的連詞or(或則或則,否則否則) or else(否則否則) otherwise(要不然要不然) eitheror(或者或者 或者或者)rather than(而不是而不是)4.表示因果關系的連詞表示因果關系的連詞 so for thus(因此因此) hence （因此）（因此） therefore（因此）（因此）consequently（因而，所以）（因而，所以）8表原因關系表原因關系1)for判斷改錯：(錯)Forheisill,heisabsenttoday.(對)Heisabsenttoday,forheisill.for是并列連詞，不能置于含兩個并列分句的句子的句首，只能將其

5、放在兩個分句中間。2)so,thereforeHehurthisleg,sohecouldntplayinthegame.91 并列連詞與并列結(jié)構(gòu)并列連詞與并列結(jié)構(gòu)判斷改錯：uTheysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.FuTheystartedtodanceandsang.FuIsawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperthere.FuSheplaysnotonlythepiano,buttheguitar.TuNeitheryounorhearetoblame.FuMakeupyourmind,oryoullgetthechance.FuTher

6、eisnoairandwaterinthemoonFuNotonlyhelikereadingstories,butalsohecanevenwritesome.FuWewilldiewithoutairandwater.FuWecantlivewithoutairandwater.TuSomepeoplelovecats,whenothershatethem.FuTheywerenotthebonesofananimal,and(thebones)ofahumanbeing.F10比較比較and和和or 1)并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2)但有時and也可用于否定句。請

7、注意其不同特點：Thereisnoairorwaterinthemoon.Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon.在否定中并列結(jié)構(gòu)用or連接，但含有兩個否定詞的句子實際被看作是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，因此要用and。典型例題-Idontlikechicken_fish.-Idontlikechicken,_Ilikefishverymuch.A.and；andB.and；butC.or；butD.or；and答案C。否定句中表并列用or,but表轉(zhuǎn)折。判斷改錯：(錯)Wewilldiewithoutairandwater.(錯)Wecantlivewithoutairorwater.

8、(對)Wewilldiewithoutairorwater.(對)Wecantlivewithoutairandwater.11二二.從屬連詞是用來引導連接主句和從句的連詞。從屬連詞是用來引導連接主句和從句的連詞。 分為引導名詞性從句的連詞和引導狀語分為引導名詞性從句的連詞和引導狀語 從句的連詞。從句的連詞。1. 引導名詞性的從句引導名詞性的從句(1). that,whether,if 不充當成分不充當成分.(2). 連接代詞連接代詞 who, whom, which, what 充當主充當主, 賓賓, 定定, 表語等表語等.(3). 連接副詞連接副詞 when, where, how, wh

9、y 狀語狀語.122. 引導狀語從句的連詞引導狀語從句的連詞(1). 時間時間: when, while, as 當當時時 when+瞬間瞬間,延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞 while+延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞 as+瞬間瞬間,延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞 “一邊一邊一邊一邊” till/until, once, as soon as(一一就就), the moment/instant(一一就就), no sooner than hardly when the moment13(2). 原因原因: as because for since For語氣最弱語氣最弱, 引導的分句放在句末引導的分句放在句末.Becau

10、se 語氣最強語氣最強, 句首句首,句末均可句末均可.As(因為因為) 置于句首置于句首.Since(既然既然) 通常置于句首通常置于句首.(3). 地點地點: where, wherever(4). 條件條件: if, unless= if not, so/as long as suppose(that)假使假使 on condition that如果如果 provided/ providing (that) 倘使倘使, 如果如果now that(既然既然) considering that14(5). 讓步讓步: though/ although不與不與but連用連用. as(盡管盡管),

11、 even if/ though (即使即使) however(無論怎樣無論怎樣), whatever no matter how/ who/ whichAlthough/though 和和as(盡管盡管) 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別:Although/though引導的從句用正常語序引導的從句用正常語序.As 引導的從句用倒裝語序引導的從句用倒裝語序, 即把即把as從句中的表語從句中的表語,狀語或動詞原形提至主語前狀語或動詞原形提至主語前.盡管天氣冷盡管天氣冷,可他仍繼續(xù)工作可他仍繼續(xù)工作.Though it was cold, he went on working.= Cold as it is , h

12、e went on working.15盡管你讀得快盡管你讀得快, 你也不能在三天內(nèi)讀完這本書你也不能在三天內(nèi)讀完這本書.Fast as you read, you cant finish reading the book in three days.Although you read fast, you cant finish reading the book in three days.不管他怎樣努力不管他怎樣努力, 還是擺脫不了困難還是擺脫不了困難.Try as he might, he could nt get rid of the difficulty.16 比較比較so和和 suc

13、h 其規(guī)律由其規(guī)律由so與與such的不同詞性決定。的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副只能修飾形容詞或副詞。詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many，few，much， little連用，形成固定搭配。連用，形成固定搭配。so + adj.such + a(n) + n.so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. 不可數(shù)不可數(shù)such +n. 不可數(shù)不可數(shù)1

14、7sofoolishsuchafoolsoniceaflowersuchaniceflowersomany/fewflowerssuchniceflowerssomuch/littlemoney.suchrapidprogresssomanypeoplesuchalotofpeoplesomany已成固定搭配，alotof雖相當于many，但alotof為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。sothat與suchthat之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。181.when/while/as(1) when引導時間狀語從句的謂語動詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是終止性的。引導時間狀語從句的謂語動詞既可

15、以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是終止性的。While引導時引導時間狀語從句的謂語動詞只能是延續(xù)性的。間狀語從句的謂語動詞只能是延續(xù)性的。(2) When還可以表示還可以表示“這時這時”while 表示前后對比表示前后對比(3) as?？膳c常可與when，while通用，但強調(diào)通用，但強調(diào)“一邊、一邊一邊、一邊”。例如：。例如：As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number He was doing his homework _ I came in.I came in _ h

16、e was doing his homework.He is tall _ his elder brother is short.He was playing football outside _ it began to rain.whenwhen/whilewhilewhenWhether192. because/as/for/sincebecauseas for since語氣最強，引導的從句可放在句首或句末，放在句首時常用逗號語氣最強，引導的從句可放在句首或句末，放在句首時常用逗號表示原因語氣不如表示原因語氣不如because強，常放句首強，常放句首并列連詞，語氣最弱，對前面分句加以解釋

17、或表示推斷的原因并列連詞，語氣最弱，對前面分句加以解釋或表示推斷的原因“既然既然”， 往往表示一些顯而易見的原因，語氣不如往往表示一些顯而易見的原因，語氣不如because強，常在句首強，常在句首It must have rained last night, _ the ground is wet._ she was in bad mood, we left her alone.He is absent from school _ he is ill._ it was wet, we went there by bus._ a lot of people make mistakes in li

18、fe, Mr. Smith wanted to give John a chance.forAs becauseBecause/asSince203. Whether/if（1）兩者做）兩者做“是否是否”講時，可以互換講時，可以互換（2）以下情況用）以下情況用whether不用不用ifa.放在句首放在句首b.引導同位語或補語從句引導同位語或補語從句c.在介詞后面在介詞后面d. 直接與直接與or not連用連用 We doubt _ it is true._ he comes or not has nothing to do with me.The question _ he should co

19、me himself or sent a letter must be decided soon.It depends on _ he will come.We didnt know _ or not he was ready.whether/ifWhetherwhetherwhetherwhether214. though/although/as(1) though/although引導讓步狀語從句可互換，但引導讓步狀語從句可互換，但though與與even連用，連用，although不能不能(2) “雖然雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句，引導讓步狀語從句though用正常語序，也可以倒裝，用正常語序，也可以倒裝，as要倒裝要倒裝盡管天氣很冷，可他仍繼續(xù)工作。盡管天氣很冷，可他仍繼續(xù)工作。（as）(though)雖然他還是個孩子，可懂得很多。雖然他還是個孩子，可懂得很多。(as)(though)Cold as it was, he went on working.Though it was cold, he went on working.Child as he is, he knows a lot.Though he is a child, he knows a lot.Child though he is, he knows a lot.22 5、b