【名師A計劃】2017高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)第一部分教材知識梳理Unit4Earthquakes課件新人教版必修1

1、Unit 4Unit 4EarthquakesEarthquakes重點短語重點句型重點單詞1.burstvi.爆裂;爆發(fā)n.突然破裂;爆發(fā)burst(過去式/過去分詞)2.eventn.事件;大事3.nationn.民族;國家;國民nationaladj.民族的;國家的;國民的nationalityn.國籍;民族4.ruinn.廢墟;毀滅 vt.毀滅;使破產(chǎn)5.sufferingn.苦難;痛苦suffervt.遭受;忍受 vi.受苦;患病6.extremeadj.極度的extremelyadv.非常,極其;極端地重點短語重點句型重點單詞7.injurevt.損害,傷害injuredadj.受

2、傷的,受損害的injuryn.傷害,損害8.destroyvt.破壞,毀壞;消滅9.uselessadj.無用的,無效的;無益的useful(反義詞)adj.有用的,有益的,有幫助的10.shockvt.& vi.(使)震驚;震動 n.休克;打擊;震驚11.rescuen.& vt.援救,營救12.trapvt.使陷入困境 n.陷阱;困境13.buryvt.埋葬,掩埋;隱藏14.sheltern.掩蔽;掩蔽處,避身處15.titlen.標(biāo)題;頭銜;資格 重點短語重點句型重點單詞16.damagen.& vt.損失,損害17.frightenvt.使驚嚇,嚇唬fright

3、enedadj.受驚的,受恐嚇的frighteningadj.令人恐懼的18.congratulationn.祝賀;(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞congratulatevt.祝賀,恭喜,慶賀19.judgen.裁判員;法官 vt.斷定;判斷;判決judgmentn.判斷;審判20.expressvt.表示,表達(dá) n.快車;速遞expressionn.表達(dá),表示 重點短語重點句型重點單詞1.right away 立刻,馬上2.burst into 突然爆發(fā)3.at an end 結(jié)束,終結(jié)4.in ruins 嚴(yán)重受損;破敗不堪5.dig out 掘出;發(fā)現(xiàn)6.a (great) number of 許多的,大

4、量的 重點短語重點句型重點單詞1.仿佛到了世界末日!It seemed as if the world was at an end!2.三分之二的人在地震中死亡或受傷。Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.3.死傷的人數(shù)達(dá)到40多萬。The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.4.人們開始納悶,這場災(zāi)難還會持續(xù)多久。People began to wonder how long the

5、disaster would last.5.不是所有的希望都破滅了。All hope was not lost. Water in the village wells rose and fell,water pipes in some city buildings cracked and burst,mice ran out of the fields 1.looking(look) for places to hide and so on.Something strange like these were happening when the one million people of th

6、e city,who thought little of these events,were asleep 2.as usual that night.At 3 42 am on July,1976,the Tangshan big quake broke 3.out.It seemed as if the world was at an end!The big earthquake covered one-third of the nations.A huge crack cut across houses,roads and canals.Steam burst from holes in

7、 the ground.Bricks and dams 4.were destroyed(destroy).The railway tracks were 5.useless(use) pieces of steel.The 6.suffering(suffer) of the people was extreme.7.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.The army organized teams to dig out those 8.who were trapped and

8、to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for 9.survivors(survive) whose homes had been in ruins.People were 10.shocked(shock) by the disaster. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞burstvi.爆裂;爆發(fā) n.突然破裂;爆發(fā)In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在城市里,有些建筑物里的水管出現(xiàn)裂縫或者斷裂。(教材原句P26) After ten days of rain the

9、 river burst its banks.下了十天雨后河堤決口了。常見用法1.burst into tears/laughter/cheers/applause/flames突然哭起來/笑起來/歡呼起來/鼓起掌來/著火burst into a run突然跑起來burst into the room 闖入房間burst out crying/laughing/singing突然哭起來/笑起來/唱起來burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/樂不可支重點短語重點句型重點單詞burst forth突然出現(xiàn)或發(fā)生burst through突然出現(xiàn);沖破2.a burst of laugh

10、ter/anger.一陣笑聲/勃然大怒Hearing the news that my dad would be back from New York this week,I burst out laughing.聽到爸爸這周要從紐約回來的消息,我大笑起來。 The police burst through the door.警察破門而入。 There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房間里突然爆發(fā)出一陣笑聲。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞現(xiàn)學(xué)活用用burst的相關(guān)短語完成句子1.一聽到這傷心的消息,她就哭了起來。She burst into

11、tears/burst out crying the moment she got the sad news.2.我覺得自己高興得心花怒放。I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.3.那兩國間突然發(fā)生了戰(zhàn)爭。A war burst forth between the two countries. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞ruinn.(常用pl.)遺跡;廢墟;毀滅 vt.毀滅;使破產(chǎn)In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒鐘內(nèi),一座大城市就沉淪在一片廢墟之中。(教材原句

12、P26)We visited the ruins of the temple.我們參觀了那個廟宇的遺跡。常見用法1.in ruins 嚴(yán)重受損,破敗不堪fall into ruins 變成廢墟come to ruin毀滅;落空bring.to ruin使毀滅/破落2.ruin oneself自我毀滅ruin sth.毀了某事/某物ruin ones health/fame毀壞某人的健康/聲譽(yù) 重點短語重點句型重點單詞The whole country fell into ruins after the war.戰(zhàn)后整個國家成為一片廢墟。 An earthquake left the whole

13、 town in ruins.那次地震過后,全城到處是頹垣斷壁。 Drinking too much alcohol will ruin his health.喝太多酒會毀了他的健康。 詞義辨析1.damage指部分“損壞”、“損害”、“破壞”或指使用價值有所降低。它可以用作動詞,也可以用作名詞,用作名詞時常與to sth.連用。Hundreds of houses in the area were damaged by the storm.暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了這個地區(qū)數(shù)以百計的房屋。The accident did a lot of damage to his car.這次車禍?zhǔn)顾能囀艿胶艽蟮膿p壞

14、。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞2.destroy只能用作動詞,指徹底破壞,以致不可能修復(fù),常作“破壞,毀滅”解,也可以指希望、計劃等破滅。The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town.地震幾乎毀滅了整個城鎮(zhèn)。His hope of being a writer was destroyed.他想成為一個作家的希望破滅了。3.ruin常指因暴力、自然災(zāi)害或疏忽等外部原因而造成毀壞,強(qiáng)調(diào)倒塌或碎片,也可指健康、聲望、容貌、氣節(jié)、價值等受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞。The fire ruined the castle.那場大火使城堡夷為廢墟。The rain ruined

15、 my painting.這場雨把我的畫給毀了?，F(xiàn)學(xué)活用用ruin的適當(dāng)形式填空We visited the ruins of Yuanmingyuan last summer.It had been ruined by the foreign invaders.Seeing the ruined palace we felt very pitiful. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞injurevt.損害,傷害Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.三分之二的人在地震中死亡或受傷。(教材原句P26)He injur

16、ed his left hand in a fire.他在火災(zāi)中傷了左手。I hope I didnt injure her feelings.我希望我沒有傷害她的感情。拓展延伸injurer n.傷害者injury n.傷害,損害injured adj.受傷的the injured 傷員,受傷者His back was injured.他背部受傷了。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞詞義辨析1.injure側(cè)重指偶然事故對人的“損害”,如be slightly/seriously/badly injured意為“受傷很輕/很嚴(yán)重/很重”。2.harm可用作動詞和名詞,多指精神上或物質(zhì)上的危害,“對有

17、害”。常用搭配是do harm to sb./do sb.harm意為“對某人有危害”。3.wound可作動詞和名詞。側(cè)重指在暴力或戰(zhàn)爭中所受的刀傷、槍傷等,也可用于對人的感情、名譽(yù)等的傷害。4.hurt主要用于對有生命的東西的傷害,多指肉體方面的傷害,常伴有痛感,也可指對精神或感情方面的傷害。重點短語重點句型重點單詞現(xiàn)學(xué)活用用injure,harm,wound或hurt的適當(dāng)形式填空1.The court case will do serious harm to my business.2.He died from the wounds he had received to his ches

18、t.3.My back is really hurting me today.4.Three people were killed and five injured in the crash. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞trapvt.使陷入困境 n.陷阱;困境Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有些醫(yī)生和救援人員被困在廢墟下面。(教材原句P26)To break out of the poverty trap they need help from the government.為了擺脫貧困,他們

19、需要政府的幫助。常見用法1.be trapped in/by 被所困trap o doing sth.誘騙某人做某事重點短語重點句型重點單詞2.fall into a trap=be caught in a trap落入陷阱set/lay a trap (for)(為)設(shè)陷阱They were trapped in the burning hotel.他們被困在發(fā)生火災(zāi)的旅館里。 By clever questioning they trapped him into making a confession.他們用巧妙的提問誘使他交代了一切。 The hunter set traps

20、 to catch foxes.獵人設(shè)陷阱捕捉狐貍。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞現(xiàn)學(xué)活用用trap的相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式完成句子1.她被困在燃燒著的房子里了。She was trapped in the burning house.2.如果你選擇了這條路,你很有可能會落入圈套。If you choose this way,you are likely to fall into a trap.3.農(nóng)民設(shè)下了圈套捉狼。The farmer set a trap for the wolves. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞buryvt.埋葬,掩埋;隱藏The army organized teams to

21、dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部隊人員組成小分隊,將受困的人挖出來,將死者掩埋。(教材原句P26)常見用法bury.in.把埋到里bury ones face in hands 雙手掩面be buried in/bury oneself in埋頭于;專心致志于They buried themselves in their work.他們埋頭于工作。He was sitting with his head buried in a book.他坐著埋頭看書。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞現(xiàn)學(xué)活用用bury的相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式完成

22、句子1.她掩面而泣。She buried her face in her hands and wept.2.他埋頭學(xué)習(xí),不知道其他人都早已離開了。Buried in his study,he didnt know that all the others had left.3.自從妻子離開以來,他一直都埋頭于工作。Since his wife left,he has buried himself in his work. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞judgen.裁判員;法官 vt.斷定;判斷;判決Your speech was heard by a group of five judges,all

23、 of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.你的演講有五位評委聽了,他們一致同意你的演講是本年度最佳的。(教材原句P30)We must judge whether he is guilty.我們必須判定他是否有罪。重點短語重點句型重點單詞常見用法judging by/from 從判斷judge sb./sth.by/on 根據(jù)判斷某人或某事judge it+adj.+to do sth.認(rèn)為做某事是的judge sb./sth.(to be)+n./adj.判定為so far as I can judge據(jù)我判斷,我認(rèn)為You can

24、t judge a book by its cover.你不能根據(jù)封面來評價一本書。Judging from what he said,he must be an honest man.從他所說的來判斷,他一定是個誠實的人。 特別提醒judging from/by.置于句首作狀語。V-ing形式不受主語的限制,構(gòu)成獨立成分。類似用法的詞或短語還有:generally speaking一般來說;frankly speaking坦白地說;considering.考慮到。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞現(xiàn)學(xué)活用單句改錯1.Judged from what he said,he must be the th

25、ief who has stolen the car.(Judged改為Judging)2.He was one of the five judge at the speech contest.(judge改為judges) 重點短語重點句型重點單詞at an end 結(jié)束,終結(jié)It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日!(教材原句P26)The war was at an end.戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束了。 拓展延伸1.at the end of 在盡頭,在末端(指時間或空間的一個終點)by the end of到結(jié)束時,到時候為止(常與完成時態(tài)連用)

26、bring sth.to an end(使)結(jié)束,終止come to an end結(jié)束make (both) ends meet使收支相抵;靠微薄收入為生on end連續(xù)(地);直立in the end最后,終于put an end to結(jié)束2.end up結(jié)束,告終 重點短語重點句型重點單詞Why do these trains always leave at the end of the day?為什么這些火車總是在一天要結(jié)束的時候才發(fā)車?These new tools will help bring this to an end.這些新工具將有助于結(jié)束這一狀況。Ready or not,

27、some day it will all come to an end.不管你是否做好了(心理)準(zhǔn)備,終有一天,一切都會結(jié)束。The meeting ended up with a song.這個會議以一首歌作為結(jié)尾。重點短語重點句型重點單詞現(xiàn)學(xué)活用用end的相關(guān)短語完成句子1.到上個月結(jié)束為止,我們已經(jīng)兩年沒見面了。By the end of last month,we havent seen each other for two years.2.最后他們還是放棄了計劃。They gave up the plan in the end.3.她的突然到來使得他們的會議終止了。Her sudde

28、n arrival put an end to their meeting. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞dig out掘出;發(fā)現(xiàn)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部隊人員組成小分隊,將受困的人挖出來,將死者掩埋。(教材原句P26)They had dug out an ancient tomb.他們已掘出一座古墓。 We are expecting to dig out some important facts.我們希望能找出一些重要的事實。 拓展延伸dig into 深

29、入鉆研;開始大吃起來dig for=look for=search for尋找現(xiàn)學(xué)活用用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.The rescuers managed to dig out the trapped miners.2.Let us now dig a little deeper into this theory. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞a (great) number of 許多的,大量的Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.由于地震發(fā)生在人們睡著的時候,因此有許

30、多的人死去。(教材原句P27)These two reports of the accident disagreed on a number of points.這兩份有關(guān)事故的報告在很多點上的說法都不一致。 常見用法a large number of許多的,大量的a small number of少量的A large number of books have been stolen from the library.圖書館遺失了很多書。 A small number of firms have stopped trading.一小部分公司已經(jīng)停止貿(mào)易。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞拓展延伸the

31、 number of.的數(shù)量a great many很多,大量(后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))quite a few相當(dāng)多(后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))a few一些(后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))many a許多(后接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))a great/big deal of大量的(后接不可數(shù)名詞)a little/a bit一些(后接不可數(shù)名詞)an amount of/amounts of大量的(后接不可數(shù)名詞)a lot of/lots of/a quantity of/quantities of許多,大量(后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞)特別提醒“a number of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“the

32、number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞現(xiàn)學(xué)活用單句改錯1.The number of people invited were fifty,but a number of them were absent for different reasons.(第一個were改為was)2.Many a famous pop stars has been ruined by drugs.(stars改為star) 重點短語重點句型重點單詞虛擬語氣It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日!(教材原句P26

33、)It seems as if.后跟表語從句,可用陳述語氣,表示可能性較大;也可用虛擬語氣,表示可能性較小。as though=as if意為“好像,似乎”,用來引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句或表語從句。as though比as if要正式,描述非現(xiàn)實情況時,as if/as though從句中用虛擬語氣。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞It seems as if it is going to rain.Youd better take your umbrella with you.天好像要下雨,你最好帶把雨傘。It looks as if they were going to miss the bus.看似他

34、們要錯過公共汽車了?，F(xiàn)學(xué)活用單句改錯1.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it was broken.(was改為were)2.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it had happened yesterday.(刪除had) 重點短語重點句型重點單詞all.not=not all.并非都(部分否定)All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。(教材原句P26)當(dāng)not與“all/both/everyone/everybody/every

35、thing/every+名詞”等連用時,構(gòu)成部分否定。英語中的all,both,each,every,everybody,everything,always,whole等具有概括意義的代詞、形容詞或副詞與否定詞not連用,無論not的位置如何,均構(gòu)成部分否定,表示“并非都”之意。而no,none,never,nothing,neither,nowhere,no more,nobody,no one等表示否定的詞或短語與肯定式謂語一起使用均構(gòu)成全部否定。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞部分否定有下列兩種形式: 1.直接把否定詞not 放在被否定詞之前。Not all the ants go out f

36、or the food.并非所有的螞蟻都外出覓食。Not both children are clever.兩個孩子并非都聰明。 2.用not 來否定謂語。All that glitters is not gold.發(fā)光的未必都是金子。I cant catch everything in the book.我沒有完全掌握書中的內(nèi)容?，F(xiàn)學(xué)活用完成句子1.并非每個學(xué)生星期天都去農(nóng)場。Not every student goes to the farm on Sundays.2.不是所有的老師都喜歡這本新書。All the teachers are not/Not all the teachers

37、are in favor of this new book. 一、單句填空1.Its far too early(draw)any conclusions from what we saw in the first week of the season.1.to draw。句型too+adj./adv.+ to do sth.意為“太而不能做某事”。2.(2015北京高考改編)He is a shy man,he is not afraid of anything or anyone.2.but?？涨昂涂蘸蟮木渥訛檗D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故填but。3.(2015江蘇高考改編)(free) may come

38、 to an end in the digital age.3.Freedom。此處應(yīng)用名詞作主語,freedom“自由”。4.(2014天津高考改編)I had merely become one more victim of a _(nation) sickness: motorosis.4.national。sickness為名詞,用形容詞修飾。5.(2014陜西高考改編)I got that job I wanted at the public library.(congratulate)!Thats good news.5.Congratulations。根據(jù)語境可知此處表達(dá)“恭喜”

39、之意。注意congratulation在交際用語中要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。6.(2014福建高考改編)Many village communities feel their countryside (ruin) by the power-producing machines of wind farms.6.is being ruined。根據(jù)語境可知用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,且ruin和their country之間是被動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。7.(2013浙江高考改編)During the last three decades,the number of people participating in physical fitness programs (increase) sharply.7.ha