動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 大全

1、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)講練大全講練大全 概述：動(dòng)詞形式是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)。概述：動(dòng)詞形式是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)。 動(dòng)詞形式分為動(dòng)詞形式分為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式和和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式兩兩類。類。 謂語(yǔ)形式有謂語(yǔ)形式有時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)氣和和單復(fù)數(shù)形式單復(fù)數(shù)形式，4種形式主要體現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)形式種形式主要體現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)形式上上。動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，。動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須反映動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，即動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。必須反映動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，即動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)分為四類：一般時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)分為四類：一般時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。完成時(shí)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 一般時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間（過去、現(xiàn)在、一般時(shí)表示動(dòng)

2、作發(fā)生的時(shí)間（過去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)），進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在某一時(shí)間或時(shí)將來(lái)），進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在某一時(shí)間或時(shí)期正在發(fā)生，完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，完期正在發(fā)生，完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的掌握可以分為兩個(gè)部分，首先要熟練動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的掌握可以分為兩個(gè)部分，首先要熟練掌握八種基本時(shí)態(tài)，即掌握八種基本時(shí)態(tài)，即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)和過去將來(lái)時(shí)成時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)和過去將來(lái)時(shí)。He works. He is working. He worke

3、d. He was working. He will work. He will be working.He would work. He would be working.He has worked. He has been working.He had worked. He had been working.He will have worked. He will have been working.He would have worked. He would have been working.在熟練掌握這八種基本時(shí)態(tài)基礎(chǔ)上，就能比較容易在熟練掌握這八種基本時(shí)態(tài)基礎(chǔ)上，就能比較容易的掌握

4、另外的幾種較為復(fù)雜的時(shí)態(tài)，還可以很容的掌握另外的幾種較為復(fù)雜的時(shí)態(tài)，還可以很容易理解這些時(shí)態(tài)所表達(dá)的意思以及掌握其用法。易理解這些時(shí)態(tài)所表達(dá)的意思以及掌握其用法。對(duì)于基本時(shí)態(tài)，可以分為現(xiàn)在和過去兩大塊對(duì)于基本時(shí)態(tài)，可以分為現(xiàn)在和過去兩大塊：表示現(xiàn)在的情況用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；表示現(xiàn)在的情況用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；表示現(xiàn)在某時(shí)的情況用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；表示現(xiàn)在某時(shí)的情況用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；表示過去發(fā)生對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；表示過去發(fā)生對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；表示過去發(fā)生持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；表示過去發(fā)生持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作用一般將來(lái)時(shí)；表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作用一般將來(lái)時(shí)；表示

5、過去的動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)；表示過去的動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)；表示過去某時(shí)的情況用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；表示過去某時(shí)的情況用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；表示過去某時(shí)前的情況用過去完成時(shí)；表示過去某時(shí)前的情況用過去完成時(shí)；表示過去某時(shí)以后的情況用過去將來(lái)時(shí)。表示過去某時(shí)以后的情況用過去將來(lái)時(shí)。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法(附被動(dòng)語(yǔ)附被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成態(tài)構(gòu)成)：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞原形s/es 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：am/is/are + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed用法：用法：1)表示現(xiàn)在的情況、動(dòng)作或事件。如表示現(xiàn)在的情況、動(dòng)作或事件。如 His father works in

6、a bank.2)表示不斷重復(fù)的動(dòng)作，或經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性表示不斷重復(fù)的動(dòng)作，或經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。通常與的動(dòng)作。通常與often, always, sometimes, every + 時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間名詞連用。連用。如如: I get up at 7:00 every day.3)表示客觀事實(shí)，即過去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)都不表示客觀事實(shí)，即過去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)都不會(huì)改變的情況。會(huì)改變的情況。如如: Summer follows spring. The earth moves round the sun.4)表示將來(lái)，用于談?wù)摃r(shí)間表、日程表、節(jié)表示將來(lái)，用于談?wù)摃r(shí)間表、日程表、節(jié)目單等安排好的活動(dòng)。目單等安排

7、好的活動(dòng)。如如: The plane takes off at 8:00 in the evening on December 21st.2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：am/is/are + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing(am, is, are表示現(xiàn)表示現(xiàn)在在, 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing表示進(jìn)行表示進(jìn)行)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：am/is/are + being + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed用法：用法：1)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或事件，表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或事件，常常與常常與now, at the moment, just等連用。如：等連用。如： What are you doing? Im

8、just repairing my bike. (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在) We are preparing for the exams at the moment. (現(xiàn)階段現(xiàn)階段)2)表示暫時(shí)的情況。如：表示暫時(shí)的情況。如： Your father is using the ladder. Dont take it away.(非說話時(shí)非說話時(shí)) The river is flowing very fast after last nights rain.(說話時(shí)說話時(shí))3)表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作：常與表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作：常與always, constantly, continually, forever等連用，表示

9、人的強(qiáng)烈等連用，表示人的強(qiáng)烈情感或態(tài)度情感或態(tài)度“確實(shí)、的確；老是、一向確實(shí)、的確；老是、一向”。如：如： Shes always helping people. Our burglar alarm is forever going off for no reason(It doesnt work).4)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作：指事先安排好的動(dòng)作，表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作：指事先安排好的動(dòng)作，通常需要有上下文或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如通常需要有上下文或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如 Were spending next winter holiday in Australia. 轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞常常用于進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞常常用于進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將

10、來(lái)的動(dòng)作. 常用的有：常用的有：go come arrive leave 等。等。如如 : The train is leaving in no time比較比較 Look! The train is leaving. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)比較現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)比較1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)著重表示某人或某物現(xiàn)在的情一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)著重表示某人或某物現(xiàn)在的情況；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在暫時(shí)性的或現(xiàn)況；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在暫時(shí)性的或現(xiàn)階段的動(dòng)作。階段的動(dòng)作。如如: He studies in a middle school here. （他的（他的一般情況）一般情況） He is studying in a m

11、iddle school here. （他（他現(xiàn)階段的情況）現(xiàn)階段的情況）2)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示時(shí)間表上的安排一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示時(shí)間表上的安排; 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的計(jì)劃時(shí)表示將來(lái)的計(jì)劃如如: The performance is put on at 7:30, Sunday evening, December 15th.（根據(jù)節(jié)目演出的（根據(jù)節(jié)目演出的時(shí)間表）時(shí)間表） Were spending next winter holiday in Australia. (我們的安排我們的安排)3)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示某人的情況或?yàn)槿艘话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)表示某人的情況或?yàn)槿? 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某人不斷重復(fù)的動(dòng)作

12、行時(shí)表示某人不斷重復(fù)的動(dòng)作, 通常有著某通常有著某種感情色彩種感情色彩.如如 : She often helps people. （她平常的為人）（她平常的為人） Shes always helping people. （她重復(fù)的動(dòng)（她重復(fù)的動(dòng)作）作）注意：由于進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的是正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此，注意：由于進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的是正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此，表示狀態(tài)、結(jié)果、情感、思維等的動(dòng)詞不可用于表示狀態(tài)、結(jié)果、情感、思維等的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。這類動(dòng)詞有：進(jìn)行時(shí)。這類動(dòng)詞有：狀態(tài)類：狀態(tài)類： afford, appear（似乎）（似乎）, belong to, contain, cost, differ

13、from, seem, smell；結(jié)果類：結(jié)果類：catch（聽懂）（聽懂）, find（發(fā)現(xiàn)）（發(fā)現(xiàn)） hear, make out（弄懂）（弄懂）, notice, observe, see, smell（聞到）（聞到）, taste（嘗到）（嘗到）, etc.情感類：情感類：admire, appreciate, astonish, attract, believe in, care about, dare, dislike, doubt, envy, fear, hate, hope, impress, interest, like 思維類：思維類：agree, appreciate

14、, believe, consider（認(rèn)（認(rèn)為）為）, disagree, disbelieve, expect, feel, figure（美：（美：捉摸）捉摸）, find, get it（弄懂）（弄懂）, guess, 3)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)形式動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)形式(動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed或不規(guī)則或不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)形式。動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)形式。) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/were + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed用法：用法：1)表示已經(jīng)結(jié)束的動(dòng)作：指過去發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在己結(jié)束表示已經(jīng)結(jié)束的動(dòng)作：指過去發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在己結(jié)束的事件、動(dòng)作或情況，可以是最近發(fā)生的，也可的事件、動(dòng)作或情況，可

15、以是最近發(fā)生的，也可能是很久前發(fā)生的。如能是很久前發(fā)生的。如: Tom phoned you a moment ago. Paper was first invented in China centuries ago.2)表示過去的習(xí)慣：常常與表示過去的習(xí)慣：常常與often, usually, always等等連用。如連用。如: He smoked a pack of cigarettes every day till he gave up smoking.3)表示剛發(fā)生的事，通常不必說明時(shí)間。如表示剛發(fā)生的事，通常不必說明時(shí)間。如 Did the telephone ring? Who l

16、eft the door open?4.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：was/were + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/were + being + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed用法：用法：1)表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的情況，常常與表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的情況，常常與 then, at that moment, just等連用。如等連用。如: He was watering in the garden at that moment. 2)表示某事發(fā)生前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，通常表表示某事發(fā)生前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，通常表示這一動(dòng)作被后發(fā)生的事所中斷。示這一動(dòng)作被后發(fā)生的事所中斷。 常用句型常用

17、句型be doing sth when .如如 :They were having supper when the telephone rang.3)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如表示強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如: While the teacher was reading the article, the students were writing.4)表示重復(fù)的行為：與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)第三種用表示重復(fù)的行為：與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)第三種用法相似。如法相似。如: The old man was always saying the same words to strangers.5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：

18、has/have + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：has/have + been + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed用法：用法：1)表示過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，常常表示過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，常常與以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：與以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：before(now)（在此（在此以前）以前）, Its the first time.（第一次）（第一次）, so far（到目前為止）（到目前為止）, since + 時(shí)間（從過去某時(shí)間（從過去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在為止）時(shí)到現(xiàn)在為止）, up till now（直到現(xiàn)（直到現(xiàn)在）在）,by + 現(xiàn)在時(shí)間（直到現(xiàn)在為止）現(xiàn)在時(shí)間（直到現(xiàn)在為止）ect.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

19、的這一用法要求動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的這一用法要求動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，非持續(xù)動(dòng)詞不可用于這一時(shí)態(tài)。如動(dòng)詞，非持續(xù)動(dòng)詞不可用于這一時(shí)態(tài)。如: China has changed a great deal in the past 20 years. 2)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。過去強(qiáng)調(diào)過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。過去動(dòng)作雖然已經(jīng)完成，但仍然存在著影響或動(dòng)作雖然已經(jīng)完成，但仍然存在著影響或結(jié)果。如結(jié)果。如: Have you passed your driving test? 在說明具體情況時(shí)要用過去時(shí)。如在說明具體情況時(shí)要用過去時(shí)。如: I passed my driving test

20、when I was 16 years old. 強(qiáng)調(diào)過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果時(shí)，可以強(qiáng)調(diào)過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果時(shí)，可以使用非持續(xù)動(dòng)詞。使用非持續(xù)動(dòng)詞。3)表示最近發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常常與表示最近發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常常與just, already, yet, still, recently等連用。等連用。如如: He has recently moved here from New York. My car has just been repaired.4)表示反復(fù)性或習(xí)慣性。常常與表示反復(fù)性或習(xí)慣性。常常與often, frequently及表示次數(shù)之類的詞連用。如及表示次數(shù)之類的詞連用。如 Sh

21、e has attended classes regularly. She has always worked hard.6.過去完成時(shí)：過去完成時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：had + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：had + been + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed用法：用法：1)表示較早的過去，即發(fā)生在過去某時(shí)之前表示較早的過去，即發(fā)生在過去某時(shí)之前并已經(jīng)結(jié)束的動(dòng)作（所謂過去的過去時(shí)）。并已經(jīng)結(jié)束的動(dòng)作（所謂過去的過去時(shí)）。注意：注意：過去完成時(shí)必須用于表示某個(gè)時(shí)間之過去完成時(shí)必須用于表示某個(gè)時(shí)間之前的動(dòng)作，必須有一過去時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)。常前的動(dòng)作，必須有一過去時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)。常常與以下表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)連用：

22、常與以下表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)連用：already, ever, for +一段時(shí)間，一段時(shí)間，since + 具體時(shí)間具體時(shí)間, just, never, never.before, by + 過去時(shí)間過去時(shí)間etc. The patient had died when the doctor arrived.（病人去世，醫(yī)生才到）（病人去世，醫(yī)生才到）在使用在使用when的時(shí)候的時(shí)候,要特別注意動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先要特別注意動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后時(shí)間后時(shí)間. The children loved the zoo. They had never seen wild animals before.2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，通

23、常與強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，通常與 by + 具體的過去時(shí)間連具體的過去時(shí)間連用。如用。如 I began collecting stamps in February; by November I had collected 200 hundred stamps.3)表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或愿望。表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或愿望。 通常使用通常使用 expect, hope, mean, suppose, think, want, intend等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)（包括過去時(shí)、過去等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)（包括過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）表示想做未做的事。進(jìn)行時(shí)）表示想做未做的事。如如: I had hoped to send

24、him a letter to congratulate him on his marriage, but I just didnt manage it.4)與與No sooner.than（才（才.就）就）, 或或 Hardly/Scarcely /Barely.when（才（才/剛剛剛剛/僅僅僅僅.就）連用。前邊就）連用。前邊用過去完成時(shí)，后邊用過去時(shí)。如用過去完成時(shí)，后邊用過去時(shí)。如: Mr. Green had no sooner begun his speech than he was interrupted. 當(dāng)當(dāng) no sooner, hardly, scarcely, bare

25、ly出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí), 句子結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)使用倒裝句句子結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)使用倒裝句.如如: Hardly(scarcely/barely) had he arrived when his wife left. 5)使用過去完成時(shí)的必要性和非必要性：使用過去完成時(shí)的必要性和非必要性： 在句子意思十分清楚時(shí)，不必使用過去完成時(shí)。在句子意思十分清楚時(shí)，不必使用過去完成時(shí)。 After I (had) finished, I went home. She was wearing the necklace which her mother (had) left her.在使用在使用when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，必

26、須引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，必須精確表達(dá)正確的時(shí)間先后關(guān)系。精確表達(dá)正確的時(shí)間先后關(guān)系。When I arrived, she left for the station. （同時(shí)（同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）發(fā)生的動(dòng)作） When I arrived, she had left for the station. （先離開）（先離開）6)在上下文中的過去完成時(shí)的用法：主要側(cè)在上下文中的過去完成時(shí)的用法：主要側(cè)重于確定事件發(fā)生的順序。如重于確定事件發(fā)生的順序。如 When we returned from our holidays, we found our house in a mess(亂七八糟亂七八糟).W

27、hat had happened while we had been away? A burglar had broken into the house and had stolen a lot of our things.(由于被盜由于被盜時(shí)間和回家時(shí)間的先后關(guān)系已經(jīng)確定，所時(shí)間和回家時(shí)間的先后關(guān)系已經(jīng)確定，所以接下來(lái)仍用一般過去時(shí)以接下來(lái)仍用一般過去時(shí)) 過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較過去完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一般過去時(shí)的過去完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一般過去時(shí)的動(dòng)作之前，或必須有一個(gè)過去時(shí)間作為參動(dòng)作之前，或必須有一個(gè)過去時(shí)間作為參照點(diǎn)，表示動(dòng)作在這一時(shí)間之前完成，

28、特照點(diǎn)，表示動(dòng)作在這一時(shí)間之前完成，特別是在與別是在與when或或by + 過去時(shí)間連用時(shí)。過去時(shí)間連用時(shí)。 When he arrived at the station, the train had already left.7.一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：shall/will + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：shall/will + be +動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed其它形式：其它形式： am/is/are + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形（打算做）動(dòng)詞原形（打算做） am/is/are + to + 動(dòng)詞原形（要求做）動(dòng)詞原形（要求做） am/is/are + about

29、 to + 動(dòng)詞原形（正要做）動(dòng)詞原形（正要做） am/is/are + on the point of + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing（正（正要做）要做） am/is/are + due to + 動(dòng)詞原形（預(yù)定要做）動(dòng)詞原形（預(yù)定要做） 注：注：shall用于第一人稱，特別是用于疑問用于第一人稱，特別是用于疑問句、否定句中。句、否定句中。Will可以用于所有人稱。當(dāng)可以用于所有人稱。當(dāng)用于第一人稱時(shí)，愿意或不愿意。用于第一人稱時(shí)，愿意或不愿意。Shall在在特定的情況下，也可以用于第二、三人稱，特定的情況下，也可以用于第二、三人稱，表示許諾、命令、威脅等。表示許諾、命令、威脅等。用法：用法：1)sh

30、all/will可以用來(lái)表示設(shè)想會(huì)發(fā)生的事。可以用來(lái)表示設(shè)想會(huì)發(fā)生的事。 It will rain tomorrow. 其它用法，表示不同的語(yǔ)氣。如其它用法，表示不同的語(yǔ)氣。如: Ill buy you a bicycle for your birthday.（允諾）（允諾） Will you hold the door open for me ,please?（請(qǐng)求）（請(qǐng)求）2)Will在正式語(yǔ)體中表示計(jì)劃安排的事情，尤在正式語(yǔ)體中表示計(jì)劃安排的事情，尤其是書面語(yǔ)，多用其是書面語(yǔ)，多用will而不用而不用 be going to。如如 The wedding will take place

31、on June 27th.3)Will/shall常常用于表示希望、期待等意義常常用于表示希望、期待等意義的動(dòng)詞后，這類動(dòng)詞有的動(dòng)詞后，這類動(dòng)詞有be sure, be afraid, believe, doubt, expect, hope, suppose, think，etc. I hope youll come again. He is sure that he will succeed.其它形式用法其它形式用法1) am/is/are + going to do：表示不久即將發(fā)：表示不久即將發(fā)生的事，說話人也許對(duì)此預(yù)先有所了解。生的事，說話人也許對(duì)此預(yù)先有所了解。但是在正式語(yǔ)體中，多

32、用但是在正式語(yǔ)體中，多用will而不用而不用be going to。 Oh, look. Its going to rain. (There are black clouds in the sky.)還可以表示意圖、打算等。如：還可以表示意圖、打算等。如： Im going to practice the piano for 2 hours this evening.但是，在表示說話時(shí)決定某事時(shí)，用但是，在表示說話時(shí)決定某事時(shí)，用will, 不不用用 be going to。如如: We are really lost. Ill stop and ask someonethe way. 如果想

33、明確表示意圖和打算，則用如果想明確表示意圖和打算，則用 intend to, plan to 不用不用 be going to。如：。如：They plan to build a new motorway to the west.（明確打算）（明確打算）2) am/is/are to do：表示為人所控制，如正式：表示為人所控制，如正式的安排或公務(wù)、指示或命令、公告或禁止等。的安排或公務(wù)、指示或命令、公告或禁止等。 You are to deliver these flowers before 10:00.3) am/is/are about to do表示不久的將來(lái)，即表示不久的將來(lái)，即將、

34、很快就會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。將、很快就會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：如： Look! The race is about to start.4) am/is/are due to do:表示時(shí)刻表表示時(shí)刻表,旅行計(jì)劃的旅行計(jì)劃的安排。安排。The BA(英航）英航） 561 is due to arrive at 14:15.8.過去將來(lái)時(shí)過去將來(lái)時(shí)：構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：was/were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 （打算（打算要）要） was about to + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 （正要）（正要） was to + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形/was to have + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed（注定要）（注定要） was

35、on the point of + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing（正要）（正要） was due to + 動(dòng)詞原形（預(yù)定要）動(dòng)詞原形（預(yù)定要） would + 動(dòng)詞原形（只用于一定的上下文、動(dòng)詞原形（只用于一定的上下文、間接引語(yǔ)）間接引語(yǔ)）. 用法：用法：1)表示過去預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)發(fā)生并發(fā)生了的事。如表示過去預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)發(fā)生并發(fā)生了的事。如 I couldnt go to Toms party as I was about to go into hospital2) 也可表示過去無(wú)法預(yù)見的結(jié)果。如也可表示過去無(wú)法預(yù)見的結(jié)果。如 Little did they know they were to meet again

36、10 years later.3)表示過去因故中斷，被妨礙或被阻止的動(dòng)表示過去因故中斷，被妨礙或被阻止的動(dòng)作。如作。如 We were just going to leave when Tom fell and hurt his knee.4)表示注定要發(fā)生的事。表示注定要發(fā)生的事。如如 : Einstein was still a young man. His discoveries had not been published yet. But they were to change the whole world.5)用于間接引語(yǔ)以及表示現(xiàn)在的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句用于間接引語(yǔ)以及表示現(xiàn)在的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

37、句子中子中.如如: Tom said that he would do better next time. If he worked hard, he would pass the examination this time.9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：has/have + been + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing 用法：用法：1)表示過去某時(shí)開始的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，表示過去某時(shí)開始的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并在持續(xù)期間內(nèi)不斷進(jìn)行著。并在持續(xù)期間內(nèi)不斷進(jìn)行著。如如 : I have been working for five years. It has been raining sin

38、ce last Friday.2)表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。如表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。如: Jim has been ringing John every night for the last week.3)表示根據(jù)直接或間接證據(jù)而得出結(jié)論，很少表示根據(jù)直接或間接證據(jù)而得出結(jié)論，很少使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如: Your eyes are red. Youve been crying. The room is smelly. Someones been smoking in here.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：區(qū)別： I have painted this room

39、.（已完成）（已完成） I have been painting this room.（末完成）（末完成） It has rain all the week.(中途或者中斷過）中途或者中斷過） It has been raining all the day.（中途未停止（中途未停止過）過）10.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：had been + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing 用法：用法：1)表示過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)表示過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如作。如: He had been working hard by the time he became a lawyer.2)

40、表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。如表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。如: You had been saying that again and again and I could repeat it.11.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：shall/will + be + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing用法：用法：1)表示最近或很久的將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。表示最近或很久的將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：如：Hurry up! The guests will be arriving at any minute!2)表示說話人設(shè)想已經(jīng)安排好的事。如表示說話人設(shè)想已經(jīng)安排好的事。如 By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying

41、 on the beach.3)表示安排和計(jì)劃：與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣，表示已計(jì)表示安排和計(jì)劃：與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣，表示已計(jì)劃好的事，特別是與旅行有關(guān)的事。如劃好的事，特別是與旅行有關(guān)的事。如 Well be spending the winter in Australia.12.將來(lái)完成時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí) 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：shall/will have + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed 用法：表示將來(lái)某時(shí)前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，常與用法：表示將來(lái)某時(shí)前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，常與 by, not.until + 將來(lái)時(shí)間連用，以及與下列動(dòng)詞如將來(lái)時(shí)間連用，以及與下列動(dòng)詞如 build, complete, finish, believe

42、, expect, hope, suppose連用。如連用。如: I expect youll have changed you mind by tomorrow. 13.將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：shall/will have been + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing 用法：表示某種情況一直持續(xù)到說話人提及用法：表示某種情況一直持續(xù)到說話人提及的時(shí)間。如的時(shí)間。如: By this time next week, Ill have been working for this company for 24 years.14.過去將來(lái)完成時(shí)過去將來(lái)完成時(shí)： 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成 would +hav

43、e +動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed 用法：通常用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示過去沒有發(fā)生用法：通常用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示過去沒有發(fā)生過的情況。如過的情況。如: If I had been you, I would have accepted his invitation.附錄附錄1 名詞名詞-s, -es規(guī)則規(guī)則 1)在動(dòng)詞后直接加在動(dòng)詞后直接加-s 2)在在o, s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后面加結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后面加-es, 如如 does, misses, mixes, catches, wishes 3)在輔音在輔音+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后面結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后面, 先變先變y為為i, 再加再加-es, 如如 studies. -s,

44、 -es的讀音的讀音 清輔音字母后面讀清輔音字母后面讀 /s/, 如如 works, puts, lets 濁輔音字母后面和元音字母后面讀濁輔音字母后面和元音字母后面讀 /z/ 如如 loves, plays 在在s, x, ch, sh, ge后面讀后面讀 /iz/, 如如 loses, manages, catches, washes, mixes附錄附錄2 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing的規(guī)則的規(guī)則 1)在動(dòng)詞后直接加在動(dòng)詞后直接加-ing 如如 working, studying, drinking 2)-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞, 去去e加加-ing(但但-ee結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞和和age必須直接

45、加必須直接加-ing) 如如coming, making using, 但但 see- seeing, age- ageing 3)重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞, 雙寫輔音字母后雙寫輔音字母后再加再加-ing 如如 hitting, getting, running, stopping, beginning, forgetting, preferring 4)-ie結(jié)尾的單詞變?yōu)榻Y(jié)尾的單詞變?yōu)閥再加再加-ing 如如 die-dying, lie- lying, 1. When I saw Mary, she _ on the piano. A. is playing B. pla

46、ys C. was playing D. played 2. She _ the door before she goes away. had locked B. is locking C. has locked. D. was locking. 3. A hunter is a man who _ animals. A. catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catching 4. What _ if I drink this? happens B. is happening C. will happen D. is happened 5. I will

47、 visit you if Father _ me. A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let 6. Look out! That tree _ fall down. A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would 7. My uncle _ to see me. Hell be here soon. A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came 8. They cant leave until they _ their work. A. did B. are doing C.

48、 have done D. has done 9. Has he seen this film? Yes. He _ it several days ago. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing 10. Now Mike isnt here. He _ Mr Greens. Perhaps he _ back in a few minutes. A. went to; is coming B. has gone to; will come C. has been to; will be D. is going to; has come11.

49、 That day he _ his clothes before he came to see me. has washed B. washed C. had been washing D. was washed 12. I havent finished my composition. I _ for two hours and a half. A. have written it B. have been writing it C. wrote it D. am writting it 13. I will take my daughter with me when I _ ShangH

50、ai, go to B. will go to C. have been to D. have gone to 14. This bright girl _ the truth in front of the enemy. A. didnt say B. couldnt speak to C. said D. didnt tell 15. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful. A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built 16. When _ school begi

51、n? Next Monday. A.has B.does C.did D.is going to 17. I will _ here till you give me some money. A.leave B.not leave C.come D.return18. I _ here since I moved here. A. will work B. worked C. work D. have been working 19. Every time I _ there, I will buy him something nice. A. went B. will go C. go D.

52、 have gone 20. It was said that his father _. A. has died B. died. C. has been dead D. had died 21. We wont go unless you _ soon. A. had come B. came C. will come D. come 22._six years since I began studying English. A. They have been B. It is C. It was D. There are23. They _ the Summer Palace three

53、 times. A. have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. have gone into 24. How long havent we seen each other? Well, it _ nearly two years since we _ last. A. is/have met B. was/had met C. is/met D. has been/had met 25. Have you seen the art exhibition? No, _ there. A. it was not being held B. th

54、ey didnt hold C. it had not held D. they were holding it 26. Dont get off the bus until it _. A. stop B. will stop C. stopped D. has stopped 27. Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here. But now its gone. A. did you put/have put B. have you put/put C. had you put/was putting D

55、. were you putting/have put 28. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I _ a good drink. A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying 29. Dont come tonight. I would rather you _ tomorrow. A. come B. came C. will come D. coming 30. _ you _? A. Do/

56、marry B. Have/married C. Have/been married D. Are/married 31. When he _ all the newspapers, hell go home. A. sells B. has sold C. will have sold D. will be sold 32. This cloth _well and _ long. Ok. Ill take it. A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lasted C. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting 33. Hurry u

57、p, you _ on the phone. Oh, Im coming. Thank you. A. are wanted B. are being wanted C. want D. are wanting 34. I _ see you, but I didnt, for I had no time. A. had wanted to B. has wanted to C. wanted D. was wanted 35. I _ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October. A. have lived B. was living C. will be living D.