托福閱讀長難句課時講課

1、閱讀中的長難句閱讀中的長難句1課堂教學 this is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that jack built. 2課堂教學 this is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that jack built. 3課堂教學 this is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the

2、house that jack built. 這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。 這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。老鼠偷吃了放這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。屋子是杰克蓋的。在屋里的蛋糕。屋子是杰克蓋的。 4課堂教學長難句類型：1 1、主語或賓語拉長、主語或賓語拉長 2 2、分詞短語打頭、分詞短語打頭 3 3、多個謂語動詞連用、多個謂語動詞連用 4 4、插入語、插入語 5 5、并列結構使得句子變長、并列結構使得句子變長 6 6、多重復合句疊加、多重復合句疊加總原則：總原則：濃縮主干，找出核心句型

3、濃縮主干，找出核心句型5課堂教學1 1、 主語或賓語拉長主語或賓語拉長解決方法：有效分解主謂成分，斷開之后解決方法：有效分解主謂成分，斷開之后各個擊破。各個擊破。the deserts, which already occupy about a fourth of the earths land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace. (og practice 2) note: occupy 占據(jù)；占據(jù)；surface 表面；表面；alarming 令人擔憂的令人擔憂的； 6課堂教學1 1、 主語

4、或賓語拉長主語或賓語拉長解決方法：有效分解主謂成分，斷開之后解決方法：有效分解主謂成分，斷開之后各個擊破。各個擊破。the deserts, which already occupy about a fourth of the earths land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace. (og practice 2) note: occupy 占據(jù)；占據(jù)；surface 表面；表面；alarming 令人擔憂的令人擔憂的； 7課堂教學1 1、 主語或賓語拉長主語或賓語拉長解決方法：有效分解主謂

5、成分，斷開之后解決方法：有效分解主謂成分，斷開之后各個擊破。各個擊破。the deserts, which already occupy about a fourth of the earths land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace. (og practice 2) note: occupy 占據(jù)；占據(jù)；surface 表面；表面；decade 十年；十年；alarming 令人擔憂的令人擔憂的； pace 步伐，速度步伐，速度8課堂教學 2 2、分詞短語打頭、分詞短語打頭 句子呈現(xiàn)三段

6、（或三段以上）的長句式句子呈現(xiàn)三段（或三段以上）的長句式 解決方法：理清主動和被動關系。一般來說現(xiàn)在分詞與解決方法：理清主動和被動關系。一般來說現(xiàn)在分詞與主語之間是主動關系；而過去分詞與主語之間是被動關系。主語之間是主動關系；而過去分詞與主語之間是被動關系。 working in a century-old schoolhouse in the village of marland, pennsylvania, the conservancys bud smith is working with local people and business leaders to balance econ

7、omic growth and environmental protection. note：conservancy 大自然保護協(xié)會9課堂教學 2 2、分詞短語打頭、分詞短語打頭 句子呈現(xiàn)三段（或三段以上）的長句式句子呈現(xiàn)三段（或三段以上）的長句式 解決方法：理清主動和被動關系。一般來說現(xiàn)在分詞與解決方法：理清主動和被動關系。一般來說現(xiàn)在分詞與主語之間是主動關系；而過去分詞與主語之間是被動關系。主語之間是主動關系；而過去分詞與主語之間是被動關系。 working in a century-old schoolhouse in the village of marland, pennsylvan

8、ia, the conservancys bud smith is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth environmental protection. note：conservancy 大自然保護協(xié)會10課堂教學 2 2、分詞短語打頭、分詞短語打頭 句子呈現(xiàn)三段（或三段以上）的長句式句子呈現(xiàn)三段（或三段以上）的長句式 解決方法：理清主動和被動關系。一般來說現(xiàn)在分詞與解決方法：理清主動和被動關系。一般來說現(xiàn)在分詞與主語之間是主動關系；而過去分詞與主語之間是被動關系。主語之間是主動關

9、系；而過去分詞與主語之間是被動關系。 working in a century-old schoolhouse in the village of marland, pennsylvania, the conservancys bud smith is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth and environmental protection. note：conservancy 大自然保護協(xié)會11課堂教學 2 2、分詞短語打頭、分詞短語打頭 句子呈現(xiàn)三段（或三段以上）的長句式句子呈

10、現(xiàn)三段（或三段以上）的長句式 解決方法：理清主動和被動關系。一般來說現(xiàn)在分詞與解決方法：理清主動和被動關系。一般來說現(xiàn)在分詞與主語之間是主動關系；而過去分詞與主語之間是被動關系。主語之間是主動關系；而過去分詞與主語之間是被動關系。 having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of

11、 these forces. （tpo）note：it refers to society12課堂教學 2 2、分詞短語打頭、分詞短語打頭 句子呈現(xiàn)三段（或三段以上）的長句式句子呈現(xiàn)三段（或三段以上）的長句式 解決方法：理清主動和被動關系。一般來說現(xiàn)在分詞與解決方法：理清主動和被動關系。一般來說現(xiàn)在分詞與主語之間是主動關系；而過去分詞與主語之間是被動關系。主語之間是主動關系；而過去分詞與主語之間是被動關系。 having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable oc

12、currences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces.note：it refers to society13課堂教學 介詞短語位于句首類似分詞短語形式。介詞短語位于句首類似分詞短語形式。in a time of low academic achievement by children in the united states, many americans are turning to japan, a country of high aca

13、demic achievement and economic success, for possible answers.14課堂教學 介詞短語位于句首類似分詞短語形式。介詞短語位于句首類似分詞短語形式。in a time of low academic achievement by children in the united states, many americans are turning to japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers.15課堂教學

14、介詞短語位于句首類似分詞短語形式。介詞短語位于句首類似分詞短語形式。in a time of low academic achievement by children in the united states, many americans are turning to japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers.turn to sb for sth有一段時間，美國的兒童學業(yè)表現(xiàn)不盡如人意，許多人于是轉(zhuǎn)向日本，想從中有一段時間，美國的兒童學業(yè)表現(xiàn)不盡如人意，許多

15、人于是轉(zhuǎn)向日本，想從中尋求可能的解決辦法，因為日本不僅經(jīng)濟實力強，而且學術成就也很高。尋求可能的解決辦法，因為日本不僅經(jīng)濟實力強，而且學術成就也很高。16課堂教學3 3、多個謂語動詞連用、多個謂語動詞連用 解決方法：遇到多個謂語動詞連用情況要分清主句謂解決方法：遇到多個謂語動詞連用情況要分清主句謂語動詞和從句的謂語動詞。英語句子本身就猶如一棵大樹，語動詞和從句的謂語動詞。英語句子本身就猶如一棵大樹，只能有一個主干起支撐作用，其他起輔助作用。只能有一個主干起支撐作用，其他起輔助作用。17課堂教學 scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all

16、spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.notes: scratchy 癢的；癢的；stuffy 不通氣的；不通氣的；spell：引起；：引起；make a difference 有影響，有關系有影響，有關系18課堂教學 scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if t

17、he cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.notes: scratchy 癢的；癢的；stuffy 不通氣的；不通氣的；spell：引起；：引起；make a difference 有影響，有關系有影響，有關系19課堂教學 later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to re

18、duce the impact of ground vibrations.foundation 地基insert 插入vibration 震動20課堂教學 later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations.foundation 地基insert 插入vibration 震動21課堂教學 later, peopl

19、e tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations.foundation 地基insert 插入vibration 震動后來，人們試圖解除了它的基礎建設，并插入橡膠之間的建筑物和地基鋼鐵以減少地表震動的影響。22課堂教學 4 4、插入語、插入語 提示詞提示詞such as; for example; including, 破折號破折號前

20、后逗號隔開前后逗號隔開. 快速閱讀的時候通常會把它省略，即忽略不看?？焖匍喿x的時候通常會把它省略，即忽略不看。 但是，如果根據(jù)文章問題回原文定位句子時，如但是，如果根據(jù)文章問題回原文定位句子時，如果定位的關鍵句子包含了以上插入語中的任何一果定位的關鍵句子包含了以上插入語中的任何一種形式，則答案往往就在此處。例如：種形式，則答案往往就在此處。例如：23課堂教學 it is possible that tubes made from animal bones were used for spraying because hollow bones, some stained with pigment

21、, have been found nearby. (tpo)24課堂教學 it is possible that tubes made from animal bones were used for spraying because hollow bones, some stained with pigment, have been found nearby. (tpo) pigment: 顏色25課堂教學 it is possible that tubes made from animal bones were used for spraying because hollow bones,

22、 some stained with pigment, have been found nearby. (tpo) pigment: 顏色26課堂教學 finally, other people may give us instrumental supportfinancial aid, material resources, and needed servicesthat reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.q：helping a sick neighbor with some repair work

23、 is an example of a. instrumental support b. informational support c. social companionship d. the strengthening of self-respect27課堂教學 在主語后面加上同位語、插入語、或非限制性定語從句，（甚至是一個句子的主干主語） 注意：發(fā)現(xiàn)主語后面有一個逗號，立刻尋找另一個逗號，中間的內(nèi)容跳讀！28課堂教學 a recent study, published in last weeks journal of the american medical association, o

24、ffers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. get a lift 搭便車29課堂教學 5 5、并列結構連用使得句子變長（單詞，短語，句、并列結構連用使得句子變長（單詞，短語，句子都可以并列）子都可以并列） 并列結構是托福閱讀理解中的主要句式。出題并列結構是托福閱讀理解中的主要句式。出題人會把幾個成分相同的并列句子，通過剔除多余人會把幾個成分相同的并列句子，通過剔除多余成分從而使其合并為一個很長的句子。成分從而使其合并為一個很長的句子。解決方法：破解這樣句子的關鍵是要弄清楚兩解決方法：破解這樣句子

25、的關鍵是要弄清楚兩個句子的邏輯關系，補全成分后重新還原為幾個個句子的邏輯關系，補全成分后重新還原為幾個單獨的句子即可。例如：單獨的句子即可。例如：30課堂教學5. 并列結構 one, set forth by aristotle in the fourth century b.c., sees humans as naturally imitativeas taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations. (tpo) note：set forth 提出；提出；imitative 模仿的；模仿的；seeas把把看作；看作； 31課堂教學5. 并列結構 one, set forth by aristotle in the fourth century b.c., sees humans as naturally imitativeas taking pleasure in