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1、初中英語語法疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句一、疑問句疑問句(interrogative sentence)用來提出問題,句末須用問號。疑問句分為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、反意疑問句和選擇疑問句。1、一般疑問句(1)概述一般疑問句(general question)用來詢問一件事情或一個情況是否屬實,需要用肯定詞yes或否定詞no來回答。-Hasn't he passed the final examination?期末他沒有及格嗎?-Yes, he has. 不,他及格了。-Are you a teacher?你是老師嗎?-No, Im not.不,我不是。(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)“be、have、助動詞

2、或情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語”-Are you good at sailing? 你賽艇很行吧?-Yes,in fact, I'm on our city team.是的,事實上,我是市賽艇隊的。Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours? 10年前的一個下午,我到你家借過一條項鏈,你還記得嗎?(3)否定疑問句在一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)中,not放在主語之后,也常用縮略式,即將-n't和句首的be、have、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞連在

3、一起。一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)往往用來表示提問人的驚訝、懷疑、邀請、贊嘆等,回答時,yes后接肯定結(jié)構(gòu),no后接否定結(jié)構(gòu)。Isn't it easier to stay in the same place? 留在原地難道不更舒服一些嗎?Haven't you heard of him? 難道你沒聽說過他嗎?Can't you just wear a flower instead? 難道不可以就戴朵花嗎?- Didn't he come to see you yesterday?他昨天沒有去看你嗎?-No, he didn't.是的,他沒來。(4)可以不用ye

4、s和no回答的一般疑問句一般疑問句通常情況下用yes、no來回答,但在很多情況下需根據(jù)具體情況用其它答語,如certainly、of course、all right、not at all、perhaps、never,no way等?;卮鸾橐馀c否 -Would you mind if I open the window?我開開窗戶你介意嗎? -Not at tall. (Certainly not!, Of course not)不介意。 - Im sorry but I would. Its could outside.對不起我介意,外面太冷了。 拒絕或不能給予滿意回答而表示道歉 -Coul

5、d you come to the party this evening?你晚上能來參加完會嗎? -Id love to, but you see Im too busy.我愿意去,但我太忙了。 - Thats very kind of you, but Im afraid I cant.你真好,到我恐怕去不了。 -Can you return the book in two days?你兩天能還書嗎? -Sorry, but I can return it in four days.對不起,但我四天后能還。 -Is he a proper person for the job?他是干這項工作

6、的合適人選嗎? - I dont think so.我不這樣想。接受邀請或要求 -will you send her a note for me ?你代我把這個紙條給她好嗎? - Id be glad to.樂意效勞。-May I look at the picture?我看看照片可以嗎?-Certainly. Here you are.當(dāng)然。給你?;卮饚в胸?zé)備意味的句子 -Do you remember what I told you before?我以前告訴你的話你還記得嗎? - Im sorry, sir.對不起先生。I think you should phone Jenny and

7、say sorry to her.我認(rèn)為你該打電話給珍妮并向他道歉。No way. It was her fault.決不,那不是我的錯。對提問作出主觀判斷-Are the shoes too big?這雙鞋太大吧?-I think they are all right.我看正合適。-Is anything the matter? 出了什么事嗎?-Of course. 當(dāng)然了。-Will he lend me some money? 他會把錢借給我嗎?- Certainly not!當(dāng)然不會!對提出問題的不能確定-Whos taken my pen?誰把握的鋼筆拿走了?-Let me see.

8、 Ah, its Tom.我想想。奧,是湯姆。2、特殊疑問句(1)概述特殊疑問句(special question)是用來對句子某一部分提問的疑問句,以疑問詞開頭。How shall I do it? 我怎樣做呢?What time will you come?你什么時候來?When will we leave?我們什么時候離開?Where are you from? 你從什么地方來?Who else's raincoat can this be?這還可能是其他什么人的雨衣呢?Which do you want? 你要哪個?(2)種類疑問詞分為兩種:疑問代詞和疑問副詞。疑問代詞構(gòu)成的特

9、殊疑問句疑問代詞who 誰(主格),whom誰(賓格),whose誰的,what什么,which哪個,用來對主語、賓語、表語、定語、補語等提問。What will the money be used for? 資金用在什么上面呢?Which speech are you going to listen to this afternoon? 今天下午你打算聽哪個報告?Whose is this? 這是誰的?Whose garden do you think looks the nicest? 你覺得誰家的花園最好看?What happened before printing was invent

10、ed? 在印刷術(shù)發(fā)明以前是怎樣的情況呢? 疑問副詞疑問副詞when什么時候,where什么地方,why為什么,how怎樣,用來對狀語、表語、補語、定語等提問。-Where are you travelling to, Gary? 加里,你打算去哪兒旅行?-To London.去倫敦。How long will it take you to complete the trip? 走完全程需要多長時間?How are you getting along with your English lesson? 你學(xué)習(xí)英語的情況怎么樣?When did you last go to the seaside

11、? 你最后一次什么時候去的海邊?How many of you are making the trip?你們有多少人參加這次旅行?which和what用法區(qū)別which、what均可與名詞連用,來就人或物提出疑問。當(dāng)選擇余地不大時,一般用which;當(dāng)選擇余地比較大而到底有多少種可能性還不清楚時常用what。What harm does it do after all? 這到底有什么樣的危害?Which parent is more important in the first year of life? 在出生后的第一年,父親與母親哪一位更重要?how與whatlike用法區(qū)別對人和事物的性

12、質(zhì)(或持久的特性)提問用“what.like?”;詢問變化的事物,如暫時的情況、情緒等用how。詢問天氣,用“whatlike?”;問候別人的健康,用how。-What is your mother like? 你母親是怎樣一個人?-She is a very nice person.她這個人非常好。 How does the boss look this morning?老板早上臉色如何?What's the weather going to be like at the weekend? 周末天氣怎么樣?-How is he? 他身體怎么樣?-He is very well.他很好

13、。how often與how soon的區(qū)別how often詢問做某事的頻率;how soon詢問多長時間以后做某事。How often do you go there? 你去那的次數(shù)如何?How soon can you be ready? 你多久才能準(zhǔn)備好?(3)特殊疑問句的語序陳述句語序疑問詞作主語,或者作定語修飾主語,語序與陳述句的語序相同,指對主語進行提問。What has made this lake so salty? 是什么東西使得湖水這樣咸呢?Who gave you that book?誰給你的那本書?疑問句語序另一種是“疑問詞+一般疑問句”的語序,其中疑問詞作賓語、表語

14、、定語或狀語。What did you give her to eat? 你給她吃什么東西?-Why do you want the book so badly? 為什么你這么想要這本書呢?-To study.為了學(xué)習(xí)。(4)使用特殊疑問句應(yīng)注意的幾點Why開頭的否定疑問句常表建議或請求Since you have to stay at home, why don't you do some reading? 既然你得待在家里,為什么不讀點書呢?Why don't you try this one on?你何不試試這一套呢?用特殊疑問句表驚奇、憤怒等感情,可用它的強調(diào)形式,在疑

15、問詞后加ever、on earth、in the world等。How ever shall we get there? 我們到底如何到那里去?Why on earth was he so nervous? 他到底為什么如此緊張?特殊疑問句有一些縮略結(jié)構(gòu)How/What about表建議、請求、邀請、異議或征求對方意見, Why not do ?用于提出建議;why do?表示志文、指責(zé)等。What about when we leave? 我們離開時該做些什么呢?What about the three of us going to Beijing for a week? 我們?nèi)齻€人去北京一

16、周怎么樣?How about chocolate?巧克力怎么樣?Why not do something? 為什么不干點事呢?Why not try to train your character? 為什么不培養(yǎng)你的性格?Why give him so much money?你怎么給他那么多錢?復(fù)合特殊疑問句用來詢問對方或第三者的想法或意見,由一般疑問句和特殊疑問句兩種結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合而成。在這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,特殊疑問句變成了一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語。Why do you think we can't change your note? 為什么你認(rèn)為我們找不開你的票子呢?Which food do

17、 you think is healthy? 你認(rèn)為哪種食物是健康食物?3、反意疑問句(1)概述反意疑問句又叫附加疑問句(tag question),附在陳述句后,對陳述句所說的事實或觀點提出疑問,由“be、have、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞+主語(與陳述句的主語相同)”構(gòu)成,答語用yes或no。如果陳述句是肯定結(jié)構(gòu),其后的附加疑問句用否定結(jié)構(gòu),反之,陳述句是否定結(jié)構(gòu),其后的附加疑問句即是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。She looks quiet enough, doesn't she? 她看上去足夠平靜,不是嗎?-You havent been to Beijing, have you?你去過北京嗎?- No

18、,I havent. How I wish to go there! 沒,還沒有。我多么想去??!If I knew the answer, I wouldn't be working, would I? 如果我知道答案了,我就不用費事了,是嗎?Susan's found her pass, hasn't she? 蘇珊找到她的護照了,是嗎?He is expected to make a speech this afternoon, isnt he? 預(yù)料他今天下午要講話,他會嗎?The news that they failed their driving test

19、discouraged him, didnt it?他沒通過駕照考試的消息使他很失望,是嗎?注意:前否定后肯定反意疑問句的答語在回答否定主句的反意疑問句時,否定回答要用“No否定短句”;肯定回答要用“Yes肯定短句”,二者不可混用。這種省略回答的yes要譯成“不”,no要譯成“是”。-She hasnt got up, has she? 她還沒有起床,是嗎?-Yes, she has.不,她已經(jīng)起來了。No, she hasnt. 是的,她還沒起來。 反意疑問句用法歌訣反意疑問句三要點,前后謂語正相反。短句not如出現(xiàn),必須縮寫是習(xí)慣。最后一點須注意,短句代詞作主語。反意疑問句回答方法歌訣回答

20、反意疑問句,答案含義是依據(jù),肯定事實用yes,否定事實no替。(2) 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是指示代詞時當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是指示代詞this, that, these, those時,附加疑問句中的主語不再用指示代詞,而要用it或they代替。That isnt your desk, is it?那不是你的桌子,是嗎?These are interesting stories, aren't they?這些故事很有趣,是嗎?(3)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是“I'm.”結(jié)構(gòu)時,疑問部分一般用aren't I。I'm late for class, aren't I?我遲到

21、了,是嗎?I'm doing well, aren't I?我干得很好,不是嗎?(4)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everybody, everyone, somebody, nobody, none等合成代詞時,附加疑問部分的主語多用they,但也可用he。Everyone came here, didn't they?都來了,是嗎?Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?我不在時,沒人給我打電話,是嗎?(5)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everything, anything, nothing等不定代詞時,疑問部分的主語用it。Everythin

22、g is ready, isn't it?都準(zhǔn)備好了,是嗎?Nothing was said, was it ? 什么也沒說,對嗎?Nothing can stop us ,can it? 沒有什么能阻止我們,是嗎?(6)當(dāng)陳述部分以不定代詞one作主語,疑問部分的主語在正式的場合用one,在非正式場合用you。One cant be too careful, can one(you)?怎么細(xì)心都不為過,你說呢?One should learn from others, shouldnt one(you)?人要想別人學(xué)習(xí),是嗎?(7)當(dāng)陳述部分是“there be+主語+其它”結(jié)構(gòu)時,

23、疑問部分要用“be(not)+there”結(jié)構(gòu)。There is a book on the desk, isn't there?桌子上有本書,是嗎?There used to be a lot of coal mines in the south, didn't there?過去在南部有大量煤礦,不是嗎?(8)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是“I dont think (suppose, believe)+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)時,疑問部分的主語和謂語須和從句中的主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上相一致,并且還要用肯定形式。 I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, wi

24、ll they?我認(rèn)為沒人會自愿去做,是嗎?I don't think you've heard of him before, have you?我想你從前沒聽說過他,是嗎?I think it is your duty to stick to the fighting post at any time, isn't it? 我認(rèn)為無論何時堅持你的戰(zhàn)斗崗位都是你的責(zé)任,對不?I don't suppose you are serious, are you? 我想你不是認(rèn)真的,是嗎?注意:主句的主語不是第一人稱時I是不存在這種情況。You dont think h

25、e can finish the work, do you?(9)當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語動詞是have時,有兩種情況:have作“有”解時,可有兩種形式。He has a new book, hasnt/doesn't he?他有一本新書,是嗎?He has a lot of money, hasnt /doesnt he? 他有很多錢,是嗎?have表示其它意思時,只用do的相應(yīng)形式。He seldom has lunch at school, does he ? 他在學(xué)校很少吃午飯,是嗎?His wife had the front door painted green yesterda

26、y, didn't she? 他妻子昨天請人把房子刷成了綠色的,是吧?(10)當(dāng)陳述部分有情態(tài)動詞ought to時,疑問部分的謂語動詞用ought(oughtnt)代替。Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?這種事是不允許的,是不是?He ought to be punished, oughtn't he?他應(yīng)當(dāng)受到懲罰,是嗎?但在非正式文體中,用ought we not形式。We ought to go, ought we not?或We ought to go, should we not/shouldn'

27、t we?(11)當(dāng)陳述部分有情態(tài)動詞used to時,疑問部分的謂語動詞有兩種形式。He used to live in Beijing, use(d)nt he/didn't he?他在北京住過,是嗎?There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)n't there/didn't there?戰(zhàn)前這里曾有座電影院,是嗎?(12)當(dāng)陳述部分有情態(tài)動詞must時,常用的有三種情況:must表示“必須”、“禁止”等時,疑問部分用must(mustn't)。I must answer the letter,

28、 mustn't I?我必須回信,是嗎?You mustnt on grass, must you?你不能呆在草地上,知道嗎?must表示“有必要”時,附加疑問部分則用needn't。You must go home right now, needn't you?當(dāng)must用來對現(xiàn)在的情況進行“推測”時,疑問部分的謂語要根據(jù)must之后的動詞不定式采用相應(yīng)的形式。You must be tired, aren't you?你一定是累了,是嗎?She must be bad at physics, isn't she? 她物理一定不好,不是嗎?You mu

29、st know it, do you? 你肯定知道,是嗎?當(dāng)must用來對過去的情況進行“推測”(must+have+過去分詞)時,若強調(diào)對過去情況的推測(一般有過去時間狀語),疑問部分的謂語動詞用“didnt+主語”;若強調(diào)動作的完成(一般沒有過去時間狀語),疑問部分的謂語動詞用“haven't(hasn't)+主語”。He must have been working here for 20 years, hasn't he? 他一定在這工作了20年,是嗎?You must have seen him yesterday, didn't you? 昨天你一定

30、看見他了,不是嗎?(13)當(dāng)陳述部分有have to或has to, had to時,疑問部分一般用do的相應(yīng)形式。We have to get up at four tomorrow, don't we?我們明天得四點起床,是嗎?They had to leave early, didn't they?他們早走是不得已,是不是?(14)當(dāng)陳述部分有had better時,疑問部分用hadn't或shouldn't。Youd better go with me, hadnt you/shouldn't you?你最好和我一起走,好嗎?Hed better

31、 leave, hadnt he?他最好離開,是嗎?(15)當(dāng)陳述部分有seldom, hardly, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定詞或半否定詞時,疑問部分要用肯定形式。She never tells a lie, does she? 她從不撒謊是吧?She hardly ever speaks to you in English, does she? 她幾乎沒和你用英語說話,是嗎?Few people know her, do they? 幾乎沒有人認(rèn)識她,是嗎?She seldom goes to work late

32、, does she? 她很少上班遲到,是嗎? (16)當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語是帶有否定詞綴(前綴或后綴)的動詞時,疑問部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。They disliked playing football, didn't they?他不喜歡踢球,是嗎?He is unsuccessful, isn't he? 他沒成功,是嗎?(17)當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語動詞是表示愿望wish等時,疑問部分的謂語動詞用may而且前后兩個部分均用肯定式。I wish to go home now, may I?我想回家,行嗎?I wish to go with you, may I? 我想和你一起去,行嗎?(18

33、)感嘆句的反意疑問句一律用否定式,并用be的一般現(xiàn)在時What a lovely day, isn't it?多好的天氣啊!How cool the weather is, isn't it?天怎么這么冷!What a stupid fellow, isnt he?多傻的小子?。。?9)祈使句的反意疑問句一般只用肯定式Lets引導(dǎo)的祈使句,其反意疑問句一般用“shall we?”。Let's discuss it now, shall we? 讓我們現(xiàn)在討論它,好嗎?It's a fine day. Lets go fishing, shall we? 多好的天

34、。我們?nèi)メ烎~吧? 由let us/him/ them(不是lets)引導(dǎo)的反意疑問句表示“請求”(不包括聽話人)時,一般用“will you”。 Let us go home, will you?讓我們回家好嗎? Let him go with you, will you?讓他跟你去,好嗎?let me 開頭的反意疑問句可用will you,也可用may I。 Let me do it for you, may I?我替你做,行嗎?Let me have a rest, will you?我歇一會好嗎?祈使句的反意疑問句一般只用肯定式;如果祈使句為肯定式,疑問部分有時可用否定式??隙ㄐ问皆谡Z氣

35、上更委婉客氣。Pass me the book, will you/won't you?遞給我那本書,好嗎?Be sure to write to us, will you? 一定給我寫信,好嗎?如果祈使句為否定式,疑問部分只能用肯定式。 Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you?請不要在會議室抽煙,好嗎?Dont speak aloud any more, will you?別在大聲喧嘩了好嗎?(20)陳述部分用neithernor, not onlybut also等連接主語時,疑問部分主語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。Neither you nor I can

36、 do it, can we?你和我都不會,是嗎? Neither she nor you can answer,can you?你倆都不會回答,是嗎?(21)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是I,當(dāng)疑問部分用來征求對方的意見時,其主語常用you,這時附加疑問部分實際上等于另外一個句子,相當(dāng)于what/how about you?/what do you think?。I find English very interesting, dont you?(=What about you?)我認(rèn)為英語很有趣,你怎么想?I dont think John will come today, do you?(=What

37、 do you think?)我認(rèn)為約翰今天不來了,你說呢?(22)陳述部分是并列句時,疑問部分常對后一個句子進行反問。He is a teacher and he has taught English for 20 years, hasnt he?他是一位老師,教英語20年了,是嗎? Tom has been doing the experiment all afternoon, but he should have finished it by now, shouldn't he? 湯姆一下午在做實驗,但他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該完成了,不是嗎?(23)陳述部分含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句時,疑問部分

38、的謂語動詞和主語一般同主句的謂語動詞和主語保持一致。I (dont) think, believe, suppose, figure, imagine, reckon, expect, seem等+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)出外(參考本章第(8)條)He says that I did it, didn't he? 他說我做的這件事,不是嗎? Mary thinks you will come to the meeting, doesnt she?瑪麗認(rèn)為你不來參加會議,是嗎?(主語不是第一人稱I)(24)陳述部分含有主語從句,反意疑問句的主語用it。What he lacks is confide

39、nce, isnt it?他所缺乏的是信心,是嗎? Where you are seated is not important, is it?坐在哪里并不重要,是嗎?4、選擇疑問句選擇疑問句(alternative question)提供兩種(或兩種以上)情況,問對方選擇哪一種,其結(jié)構(gòu)可用一般疑問句,也可用特殊疑問句,在提供的情況之間用連詞or,前者用升調(diào),后者用降調(diào),回答要求用比較完整的句子。-Which do you prefer, horse-riding or shooting? -你喜歡什么,騎馬還是射擊?-I prefer horse-riding.-我喜歡騎馬。-Is Susan

40、 still at school, or has she left(school)? -蘇珊仍在讀書呢,還是己經(jīng)畢業(yè)了?-She is still at school.-她仍在讀書。-Was the peach ripe or green? -桃子是熟的還是生的?-It was a bit green. -有點生。 三、祈使句1、概述祈使句(imperative sentence)表命令、警告、提醒、建議、請求、叮囑、號召等,謂語動詞用原形。主語you通常省略,句末用嘆號或句號。Knock at the door before entering, please.進來時請敲門?。ńㄗh)Try s

41、ome of this juice-perhaps youll take it.嘗點這種果汁,也許你會要。(建議)Look out! There is a train coming.注意!火車來了?。ㄌ嵝眩¦ear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking. 請穿結(jié)實的鞋子,因為我們要走許多的路。(叮囑)At the beginning, collect as many stamps as you can. 開始時,盡可能多多地收集郵票。(建議)Leave her where she is ! 讓她留在原地?。睿㏄ut your coat a

42、t once. We must hurry.立刻穿上衣服。我們必須快點。(命令)Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved.如果你能,來獻(xiàn)血吧,這會挽救很多人的生命。(號召)2、祈使句的另外表達(dá)方式(1)“No名詞或動名詞” 表示祈使句“No名詞或動名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示禁止的祈使,一般用于指示、標(biāo)牌、布告等。No smoking! 禁止吸煙! No spitting!不準(zhǔn)隨地吐痰!No litter! 不準(zhǔn)亂扔果皮紙屑! No entry!不許入內(nèi)!No thoroughfare!禁止通行! No scribbling on the wall

43、!墻上不準(zhǔn)涂寫!No admittance except on business!非公莫入?。?)“have done”結(jié)構(gòu)表示祈使句這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于stop doing, 意為“禁止”。有時表示“結(jié)束、停止”。 Have done scolding him. 不要再責(zé)備他了。Have done!住手!Have done running!跑完了?。▌e跑了!)(3)“be V-ed”結(jié)構(gòu)表示祈使句 Be guided by reason!理智些! Be seated! 請坐! Be persuaded by your father! 聽你父親的話! Be gone! 滾?。?)“be+ V-ing

44、” 結(jié)構(gòu)表示祈使句Dont be looking out of the window! 勿將頭伸出窗外!Do be doing your homework when I come in.我進來時,你一定在做作業(yè)吧?。?)無動詞祈使句 一般來講,祈使句都要有動詞,但是有些用于口號、告示等的祈使句卻是沒有動詞。主要有:名詞短語;介詞短語;名詞代詞副詞形容詞;形容詞名詞代詞;副詞with等。Dont all speak at once! One at a time, please.不要一起說,一次一個!One more week, and well accomplish the task.再給我一星

45、期,我就會完成任務(wù)。Patience! 耐心點! Your turn. 輪到您了。 After you! 您先請!Now for it! 干起來吧!On with your cap. 帶上帽子。Danger!危險!Poison!有毒! Over! 完畢! Bottom up!干杯!None of that again! 不要在那樣! None of your nonsense!不要胡說八道!Hand up!舉起手來! Hands off!無動手!Off with it!把它拿下來! Up with the box!把箱子放下! Eyes left!向右看齊! None of your impu

46、dence!休要無理!None of your little trick! 不要再玩鬼把戲?。?)let祈使句 Lets祈使句 lets引導(dǎo)的祈使句,包括聽話者本人在內(nèi),表示建議,反意問句用shall we。相當(dāng)于I (We) suggest that you and I(we)。Lets begin, shall we?我們開始好嗎? Lets go home.我們回家吧! Let me(us, him, her, it, them) 祈使句該結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的祈使句表示請求對方允許自己干某事,不包括對方(you)在內(nèi),let相當(dāng)于allow,意為please allow us或you allow

47、us ,反意問句要用will you。Let all the children be well educated!讓所有的孩子都得到良好的教育。Let him go where he might, I dont care.他想上那就讓他去,我不管!Let us know your name, will you?讓我們知道你的名字好嗎? let祈使句否定 let 祈使句的否定可以為lets not/let me(us) not或Dont lets/ let me(us)但let him等第三人稱否定式為Dont let him。其他人稱亦可用Dont let。Dont let her distu

48、rb you!別讓她妨礙我!Lets not be in such a hurry!讓我們別這樣急! let祈使句強調(diào) let祈使句強調(diào)的強調(diào)式為Do lets或Do let us。Do let her go!一定讓她走!Do lets go climbing.我們一定去爬山! Let there be 結(jié)構(gòu)No + v-ing其時句常用let there be 代替。No parking here.= Let there be no parking here. 不準(zhǔn)在此停車! (7)“why not動詞原形”等結(jié)構(gòu)表示祈使概念 “why not動詞原形”;“why 動詞原形” “youd b

49、etter/best+do sth.”等結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示祈使概念,用來表達(dá)方式,提出委婉建議,指責(zé),反問等。-I usually go there by train.我通常坐火車去?-Why not try going by boat for a change?怎么不坐船換換口味。Youd better go to school early tomorrow. 明天你最好早點去上學(xué)。-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Susan,去和你姐姐掃院子。-Why me? John is sitting there doing nothin

50、g. 為什么叫我去?John坐在那閑著。3、祈使句可以用被動形式Dont be cheated by what he said.不要被他說的話所欺騙。 Dont be forced to do that again.不要再被脅迫做那種事了。4、祈使句的主語祈使句的主語多為不言而喻的you,一般不出現(xiàn)。但若是要強調(diào)主語;或表示急躁、厭煩、不高興、憤怒等感情色彩;表示向誰請求或發(fā)出命令,祈使句可有主語,除you外可以用不代詞one, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone或名詞。 當(dāng)說話人強調(diào)主語或上級對下級,長者對年青人或小孩講話時。-Alice, you

51、feed the bird today, will you?愛麗絲,你去喂鳥好嗎?-Yes. But I fed it yesterday.好,但我昨天喂了。You take care when you cross the road.你過馬路時要小心。You speak first.你先講。Tom, listen to me.湯姆,聽我說。You be careful.你要仔細(xì)點。John, open the door!約翰,去開門! 當(dāng)說話人有急躁、厭煩、不高興、憤怒等感情色彩Come here, you! 你,過來!(放句尾,表示輕視、傲視)You do it right away.你立刻

52、做這件事You mind your own business, and leave this to me.你別管閉事,把此事留給我好了。 當(dāng)說話人必須指明不同的事要求不同的人去做時。 You clean the windows,and you(another man)mop the floor.你擦窗戶,你(指另一個人)拖地板。You go over there and sit next to Tom,while he and I stay here.你到那里坐在湯姆旁邊,我和他留在這里。 當(dāng)祈使句的主語是someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等泛指第三人稱時。

53、Someone call a taxi.你去叫車?。ㄏ喈?dāng)于You,不用calls)Someone open that window.來個人把那扇窗戶打開。Everybody be here at7:30. 大家7:30到這里。 當(dāng)祈使句謂語部分有副詞up,down,in,out,off,away等,且這些副詞置于句首時。In you jump! 你跳進去吧!Out you come.請你出來。 當(dāng)祈使句以Don't開頭又要加重語氣時。Dont you dare to cause any more trouble.你敢再搗亂。Dont you be late again next tim

54、e.你下次不要再來晚了。5、祈使句的否定祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)一般是在謂語動詞前加do not或用don't(口語中),有時也可用never,若祈使句有主語,否定詞用dont或never要置于主語之前,不可用do not。Sorry, Joe, I didnt mean to對不起,Joe。我不是故意要Dont call me “Joe”. Im Mr Parker to you, and dont you forget it! 不要叫我Joe。我是Parker先生,不要忘了。Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.

55、 除非老師叫你動,否則就不要動任何東西。Don't reach sideways while standing on a ladder.站在梯子上的時候,不要側(cè)身子伸手去拿東西。Dont anyone make noise!都別說話了!Dont you ever forget it!(不能說Do not you)別忘了。 Dont you believe it.決不要相信他。 Never be late again.別再遲到了。6、肯定祈使句的強調(diào)肯定祈使句可用助動詞do加強語氣,常譯為“務(wù)必、一定要”。Do save me!天那!(救救我吧)Do come in.請進。Do be c

56、areful when crossing the street.過馬路時務(wù)必小心。Do give my regards to your parents.請務(wù)必代我向你的父母問好。7、“祈使句and/or陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)(1)祈使句+ and(then,and then)+陳述句 在這個句型中,前邊祈使句+ and(then,and then)相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件句。Come early,and youll catch the first bus. =If you come early,youll catch the first bus.來早點,你就能趕上第一班汽車。Use your head,th

57、en youll find a way.開動腦筋,那么你就會找到辦法。One more word,and I'll get angry with you如果你再說一句話,我就生你的氣了。Another week,and the railway station will be completed再有一周,火車站就完工了。(2)祈使句+(or,or else,otherwise)+陳述句在這個句型中,前邊祈使句+(or,or else,otherwise)相當(dāng)于unless引導(dǎo)的條件句。Work hard,otherwise,youll fail. = Unless you work hard,youll fail.努力干

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