新教材八年級下冊英語1-10單元短語語法

1、Unit 1 Grammar should的用法：1. 用于第一人稱疑問句，表征詢意見。 如： Should I open the window? 我可以開窗戶嗎？2. should表義務，可用于各種句式，通常指將來。如：You should do what your parents tell you.  你應該照你父母的話去做事。He should do some work, but he doesnt want to. 他應該做些工作，但是他不想做。也可指現在。如： You shouldnt feel so unhappy over such trifles.對這種小事，你不應該

2、感到這么不高興。You shouldnt be sitting in the sun.  你不應該坐在陽光下。3. should表推測，暗含很大的可能。如： Its 4:30. They should be in New York by now. 現在是四點半，他們應該到達紐約了。Three weeks should suffice.  三個星期應該足夠了。Usage seesee sb do sth看到某人經常做某事或某事的全過程see sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事noticenotice sb do sth注意到某人經常做某事或某事的全過程notice s

3、b doing sth注意到某人正在做某事watchwatch sb do sth觀察到某人經常做某事或某事的全過程watch sb doing sth觀察到某人正在做某事hearhear sb do sth聽到某人經常做某事或某事的全過程hear sb doing sth聽到某人正在做某事listen tolisten to sb do sth聽見某人經常做某事或某事的全過程listen to sb doing sth聽見某人正在做某事hurt表示“傷害”的普通用于，即可指身體上的傷害，也可指精神或感情上的傷害injured多指在事故中受傷，也可指損害名譽、容貌等；強調功能的損失wound多

4、指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之苦，指出血的、較嚴重的傷，多指戰(zhàn)場上的傷Useful expressionshave a fever 發(fā)燒have a cough 咳嗽talk too much說得太多drink enough water 喝足夠的水have a cold患感冒have a bad cold患重感冒have a stomachache胃痛have a sore back背痛have a sore throat嗓子痛lie down and take a rest躺下來休息sound like 聽起來像all weekend整個周末in the same way以同樣的方式go to

5、a doctor看醫(yī)生go along沿著。走on the side of the road在馬路邊thanks to 。多虧了。；由于。have a heart problem有心臟病to ones surprise讓。吃驚的是put a bandage on 用繃帶包扎。in time 及時on time準時save a life挽救生命get into trouble陷入困境；造成麻煩right away馬上；立刻because of 。由于（后接名詞或名詞短語）get out of離開；從。中出來hurt oneself受傷have a nosebleed流鼻血feel sick惡心m

6、ountain climbing登山運動run out of 。用完。；耗盡。be used to doing sth習慣做某事used to do sth過去常常做某事so that 以便；為了so 。 that。如此。以至于。be in control of ?？刂?。；掌握。be out of control 失控in a difficult situation在困境中keep on doing sth繼續(xù)/堅持做某事make a decision做決定take risks to do sth冒險做某事give up doing sth放棄做某事；不做某事be interested in

7、。對。感興趣agree to do sth同意做某事take ones temperature量體溫cut off 。切掉。ones love for 。某人對。的熱愛/喜愛get to 。reacharrive in / at到達get in購買get on上車get off下車get on/along well with 。和。和睦相處get ready for 。為。做好準備get/come/go back回來（=return）take a walk散步（=walk）take / have a rest休息 （=rest）take/ have a look看一看（=look）take /

8、 have a swim游泳 （=swim）take off起飛；脫掉put off推遲；拖延give off發(fā)出；散發(fā)break off中斷；突然停止turn off關閉；關掉fall off跌落；從。掉下來；下降set off （set out）出發(fā)fall over跌倒；向前摔倒hot tea with honey加蜂蜜的熱茶fall down ( from)滑倒；倒下take breaks休息away from 。遠離。next to 。在。旁邊act quickly迅速行動wait for 。等。the next bus下一班公交車mean life or death意味著生或死ge

9、t an X-ray拍一張X光片put ones head back頭向后仰a mountain climbers登山者lose ones life喪命use sth to do sth用某物做某事lose too much blood失血過多find help尋求幫助fall ill生病make sb ill/sick使某人生病be important to do sth做某事很重要put some medicine on 。在。上敷藥be important for sb to do sth某人做某事很重要between a rock and a hard place進退兩難sit wit

10、hout moving坐著不動in the same way以同樣的方式；以同樣的姿勢for too long太久Unit 2 Grammar 動詞短語由動詞加介詞構成，相當于一個及物動詞，后面要跟賓語Usage be used to do sth被用于做某事used to do sth過去常常做某事be used for sth用于。get /be used to doing sth習慣做某事（to后跟名詞、代詞或v+ing） such和so的區(qū)別詞性和用法so作副詞時，用來修飾形容詞或副詞；such做形容詞時，用來修飾名詞相互轉換so+形容詞+a/an+單數可數名詞 = such a/an

11、 + 形容詞+單數可數名詞e.g. beautiful a flower = such a beautiful flower注意當名詞前有many、much、few、little等修飾時，要用so，而不是suche.g. so many people so much moneyalone lonelyalone即可做形容詞也可做副詞，強調獨自一人，無同伴。做形容詞時，在句中多用作表語或賓語補足語，不能做定語lonely只能做形容詞，意為“孤獨的，寂寞的”帶有一定的感情色彩open， close， turn on， turn off的區(qū)別open適用于能直接打開的東西；如：門、窗戶、盒子、書等t

12、urn on適用于需要通過按鈕、遙控或旋轉才能打開的東西；如：電器、水管等closeturn offUseful expressionshelp out with sth幫助解決某事（困難等）care for關心；照顧the look of joy快樂的表情at the age of 。在。歲時clean up 打掃(或清除)干凈cheer up (使)變得更高興;振雀give out 分發(fā);散發(fā)come up with 想出；提出make a plan 制訂計劃make some notices做些公告牌an old peoples home 養(yǎng)老院try out試行；試用work for為

13、。工作；為。效力put up舉起；建造；張貼hand out分發(fā)；散發(fā)；發(fā)給call up打電話；召集for example例如；比如raise money募捐；籌錢take after 。與。相像；像。be similar to 。與。像give away贈送；捐贈fix up修理；修補；解決set up建立；設立disabled people殘疾人make a difference影響；起作用be able to do sth能做某事after-school reading program課外閱讀項目a strong feeling of satisfaction很強烈的滿足感after

14、school放學后after class下課后after work下班后how to care for animals 如何照顧動物a 。 lover酷愛。的人make a plan做計劃at the same time同時be worried about 。為。擔憂for fun為了好玩stop doing sth停止做某事travel alone獨自一人旅行stop to do sth停下來去做某事make it possible for sb to do sth讓某人可能做某事 the idea of doing sth做某事的想法be excited about 。為。感到興奮/激動g

15、ive sb orders給某人下命令at once立刻；馬上change sbs life改變某人的生活train to do sth訓練去某事be a guide做導游be free to do sth有空做某事be strong in 。很擅長。need to do sth需要做某事be good at 。擅長。agree to do sth同意做某事decide to do sth決定做某事refuse to do sth拒絕做某事remember to do sth記得要去做某事forget to do sth忘記要做某事try to do sth盡力做某事want to do st

16、h想要做某事stay up熬夜open up打開end up最終成為use up= run out用完eat up吃光cut up切碎take up占用give a talk on就。做演講/報告give advice on。提供有關。的建議give sth to sb把某物給某人be different from 。與。不同keep an eye on sb/sth照看某人；留心注意某事be the same as 。和。一致hate to do/ doing sth討厭做某事hate sb for sth因某事討厭/仇視某人hate to think that 。不敢想。sbs hate

17、for someone某人對某人的厭惡/憎恨a look of hate憎恨的目光make a lot of money掙很多錢make it possible for sb to do sth讓某人有可能做某事go on a journey to 。去。旅行food bank食品救濟站put off推遲；延遲Unit 3Grammar Would/ Could you please？表示提出請求或許可時；would/ could 并非是動詞過去式。而是表示說話者語氣較為委婉。例：uld you please tell me how to get the post office? 請你告訴我怎

18、么才能到郵局，好嗎？Usage pay表示花錢；主語是人，和介詞for搭配 pay some money for sthspend既可以表示花錢也可以表示花時間；主語是人 spend time/money on sth spend time/money in doing sthtake表示花時間； It takes/took sb some time to do sth . Sth takes/took sb some timecost表示花錢；主語多為事物 Sth costs/cost sb + 錢數.have to表示客觀需要有人稱、數、時態(tài)變化否定結構表示“不必”不可表示推測must表示

19、主觀上的必要無人稱、數、時態(tài)變化否定結構表示“禁止”可表推測；意為“一定/肯定是”Expressionsgo out for dinner出去吃飯stay out late在外面待到很晚go to the movies 去看電影get a ride 搭車work on 從事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事clean and tidy 干凈整潔do the dishes 洗餐具take out the rubbish 倒垃圾fold your/the clothes 疊衣服sweep the floor 掃地make your/the bed 整理床鋪clean the livn

20、g room 打掃客廳no problem 沒問題develop childrens independence發(fā)展孩子的獨立性come home from school/ work放學/下班回家throw down 扔下sit down 坐下come over 過來take sb. for a walk 帶某人去散步all the time 一直;總是all day/evening 整曰/夜do housew ork 做家務shout back 大聲回應walk away走開share the housework 分擔家務a com fortable home 一個舒適的家in surpris

21、e 驚訝地get som ething to drin k 拿點喝的東西watch one show 觀看一個節(jié)目hang out 閑逛pass sb. sth.把某物傳給某人lend sb. sth把某物借給某人get sth. wet使某物弄濕hate to do sth討厭做某事do chores做雜務help sb. (to ) do /with sth幫助某人干某事go to the store去商店invite sb. to a party邀請某人參加聚會make sb. do sth.使某人做某事a waste of time浪費時間in order to為了get good g

22、rades取得好成績mind doing sth.介意做某事do one s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分內的事depend on依賴;依靠welcome sb歡迎某人a big deal重要的事work out成功地發(fā)展;解決get on with睦相處；關系良好fight a lot經常吵架/打架hang over籠罩be enough for sb對于某人來說足夠了be back from shopping購物回家any time隨時get/be angry with sb生某人的氣a need for sb to do sth某人有做某事的必要finish doi

23、ng sth做完某事provide sth for sb給某人提供某物fall ill生病take turns to do sth輪流做某事throw sth at把某物扔向throw away扔掉throw sb sth把某物扔向某人at times =sometimes有時from time to time有時偶爾for the first time第一次at the same time同時in no time=at once立刻；馬上fall behind落后fall into落入；陷入fall in love with 。愛上。clean and tidy干干凈凈；干凈整潔get a

24、ride搭車give sb a ride讓某人搭車Unit 4 Grammar時間狀語從句(1)時間狀語從句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等連詞來引導。例如：It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Ch

25、inese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在時間狀語從句里，通常不用將來時態(tài)，用現在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在帶有till或until引導的時間狀語

26、從句的主從復合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含義是“一直到時”，謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。如果主句用否定式，其含義是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞。例如：The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops.目的狀語從句(1)目的狀語從句通常由 so that, in order that引導。例如：We started early so that we c

27、ould catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)so that既可引導目的狀語從句，又可引導結果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個：1)目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might等。2)從意思上看，目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you

28、. (目的狀語從句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (結果狀語從句)讓步狀語從句(1)讓步狀語從句通常由although, though等連詞引導。例如：Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2)although(though)和but不能用在同一個句子中。例如：我們不能說：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.應該說：Though it was raining h

29、ard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.Usage and和；又；而且表示順承或遞進關系She came in and sat down.but但是；可是表示轉折關系He doesnt like music but his wife does.so因此；所以表示因果關系The shops were closed so I didnt get anything.or或；或者；否則表示選擇關系Will you have tea or coffee? Hurry up, or you will be lat

30、e.Expressionshave free time有空閑時間allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事hang out with sb.與某人閑逛after-school classes課外活動課get into a fight with sb.與某人吵架/打架until midnight直到半夜get enough sleep有足夠的睡眠write sb. a letter給某人寫信call sb. up令某人驚訝surprise sb.令某人驚訝look through翻看be angry with sb.生某人的氣look down向下看be angry at/about

31、 sth對某事感到生氣be oneself做自己get better grades取得更好的成績family member家庭成員give one s opinion提出某人的觀點spend time alone獨自消磨時光learn exam skills學習應試技巧give sb. pressure給某人施壓practice sports體育訓練have a fight with sb.與某人吵架cause stress造成壓力compete with sb.與某人競爭cut out刪除free time activities業(yè)余活動communicate with sb與某人交流/溝通f

32、orget about sth忘記某事make sth clear解釋某事give sb a lot of pressure 給某人很大的壓力get into 。進入。；升入。a mother of three一位三個孩子的母親compare sb with 。把某人與。相比push sb so hard給某人施加太大的壓力a childs development一位孩子的成長have time to do sth有時間做某事try to be the best努力成為最優(yōu)秀的人in my opinion照我看；我的想法是。all kinds of 。各種各樣的。hang on不掛斷；稍等片刻

33、hang up掛斷（電話）on TV在電視上on the radio通過收音機on the Internet在互聯網上on the computer在電腦上on duty值班；值日on fire失火on business出差have/take a look看一下；看一看look out = watch out小心；當心look up向上看；查閱cause stress造成壓力practice sports體育訓練be oneself做自己worry about sth擔心某事offer to do sth主動提出做某事call sb up給某人打電話too many太多（后跟可數名詞）too

34、much太多（后跟不可數名詞）much too太。（用來修飾形容詞或副詞）Unit 5.Grammar 1. 過去進行時的定義    過去進行時主要表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作，或表示過去某一階段一直在進行的動作。如：    I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那時，我正在跟李華談話。    I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看電視。    2. 過去進行時的結構&

35、#160;   過去進行時由“was / were + 現在分詞”構成。如：    I was doing my lessons then. 那時，我在做功課。    We were cleaning the house. 我們在打掃房子。    3. 使用過去進行時應注意的幾點    （1） 過去進行時可表示按計劃、安排過去某時刻將要發(fā)生的動作。如：    He said they were leaving for Beij

36、ing this afternoon. 他說他今天下午要去北京。    （2） 動詞hope， wonder等的過去進行時常用來表示提出要求，雖然表示現在的內容，但語氣比一般現在時或一般過去時要委婉。如：    I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否過來跟我們一起活動？    （3） 過去進行時中有always， forever， continually， constantly修飾時，表示說話人的贊賞或厭煩的感情。如： &

37、#160;  He was always thinking of others. 他總是想到人家。    4. 過去進行時與一般過去時的區(qū)別    （1） 過去進行時強調動作在過去某時刻正在進行或持續(xù)，而一般過去時表示動作的完成。如：    He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在寫作文。（不一定寫完）    He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚寫了一篇作文。（已經寫完

38、）    （2） 表示過去的狀態(tài)、感覺及心理活動的靜態(tài)動詞（如be， like， love， hate， fear， own， hear， see， know， want， notice）可用于一般過去時，但通常不用于進行時。如：    I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我討厭人們說話時口里含著食物。    （3） 一般過去時與always， constantly， forever， continually等連用，表示“過去經

39、常性、習慣性的動作”；而過去進行時與always， constantly， forever， continually等連用，表示動作的重復，常帶有感*彩。如：    He always got up at six. 他過去總是六點起床。    He was always thinking of his work. 他總是一心想到工作。    （4） 有時過去進行時可以用來替換一般過去時，但一般過去時表示主語的行為是經過認真考慮的；而過去進行時表示一種較隨便或沒有進行仔細考慮的行為。如： 

40、0;  I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以為它會同意我們的。    I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要說服他接受我們的建議Usage:賓語從句語 序賓語從句都要用陳述句語序。E.g. She asked where I lived.引導詞引導詞有that，if/whether，以及特殊疑問詞what，who，when，why，which，how時 態(tài)通常情況下，主句為一般過去時，從句也要用相應的過去時態(tài)；若主句為一般現在時

41、，從句則根據事實情況來決定。狀語從句的引導詞有很多，常見的有：引導詞詞 義例 句when當時；The army was disbanded when the war came to end.while在。期間；與。同時I lived in a hotel while I was a student.While I was waiting at the bus stop,three busses went by in the opposite direction.before在。之前I wiped my shoed before I came in.after在。之后I found my coa

42、t after you had left the house.as當。時; 隨著He smiled as he passed.As she grew older, she gained in confidence.since自從。Since his wife died, hes just let himself go.(since引導的從句多用過去時，主句則多用現在完成時)until直到。Lets wait until the rain stops.Expressionsmake sure確信;確認break. . apart使分離beat against.拍打 in times of dif

43、ficulty在困難的時候fall asleep進人夢鄉(xiāng)；睡著at the time of當.時候die down逐漸變弱；逐漸消失go off(鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲go on繼續(xù)go by(時間)過去；消逝wake up醒來take a hot shower洗熱水澡in a mess一團糟hear the news聽到這個消息miss the bus錯過公交車important events in history歷史上的重大事件pick up接電話for example 例如bring. together使靠攏be / get killed被殺害in the area在這個地區(qū)over 505 0

44、多(歲）miss the event錯過這個事件a school pupil一個小學生by the side of the road在路邊on the radio通過廣播the Animal Helpline動物保護熱線in silence沉默;無聲walk by走路經過take downt拆除;摧毀make ones way to.在某人去的路上have meaning to對有意義more recently最近地; 新近remember doing sth記得做過某事the World Trade Center世貿中心at first首先;最初at the time of 。時；那時nee

45、 help with sth某事上需要幫助strong winds大風；狂風heavy rainstorm暴風雨 a piece of wood一塊木頭play a card game玩撲克牌beat against the window敲打在窗戶上break 。apart分裂。；使。解體in times of 。在。的時候/時期over 50五十來歲be / feel shocked感到震驚look out 。從?？碽e / feel scared感到恐懼tell the truth about 。就。說實話have trouble doing sth做某事有困難walk home from

46、 school從學校往家走point 。out指出。as well也the big day大日子；重要的一天call out 。喊出。；叫出。in person親自in a hurry匆忙in the future在將來；在未來in future今后at the moment此時；現在go to bed就寢；上床睡覺get / go to sleep入睡(強調入睡到睡著的過程)in the past在過去all in all總的來說in a hurry匆忙rise in the east在東方升起raise your hands舉起手來Unit 6 An old man tried to mo

47、ve the mountainsGrammar 狀語從句1. so that 以至, 以便 Ill run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的) 我將慢慢跑以至你能趕上我。 I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)我把窗戶打開以使新鮮空氣可以進來。2. sothat 如此以至于（主語+謂語+so + adj. /adv. + that） The scientists report was so instructive that we were all very exc

48、ited. 科學家的報告很有啟發(fā)性，我們感到很興奮。 He always studied so hard that he made great progress. 他總是那么努力，結果他取得了很大的進步。3. suchthat 如此。以至 主語+謂語+such +a(an) + adj. +單數可數名詞+ that He is such a clever boy that everyone loves him. 主語+謂語+such + adj. +復數可數名詞+ thatThey re such interesting novels that I want to read them once

49、 more. 主語+謂語+such + adj. +不可數名詞+ thatIts such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park. 天氣是如此的好，我們大家都想去公園玩。注意 如果such的名詞肉many，much，few，little，等詞修飾時，則使用soHe had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.4. if, unless (=if not) E.g. if it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. 如果明天不

50、下雨, 我們就去遠足. e.g. you will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力學習,就會取得好成績.e.g. I will go to the party unless he goes there too.我不會去參加聚會的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)e.g. You will be late unless you leave immediately.如果你不馬上走,你將會遲到的.(=if you dont leave immediately, you will be late.)難點提示：用條件狀語從句時要注意時態(tài)的正確使用,

51、當主句是將來時的時候,從句要用一般現在時.He will not leave if it isnt fine tomorrow. 一般將來時 一般現在時They are going to have a picnic if it doesnt rain next week. 一般將來時 一般現在時5. as soon as 一。就。 I will call 有 as soon as I get there.Usage 感嘆句what引導What+ a/an +形容詞+單數可數名詞（+主語+謂語）！ What a fine day it Is！ What a cold day it is！What +形容詞+復數可數名詞（+主語+謂語）！ What nice readings these are！ What smart boys they ar