人教版高中英語必修五-教材練習(xí)答案及聽力原文

1、教材練習(xí)答案及聽力原文Unit 1WARMING UPAnswers:1 Archimedes, Ancient Greek (287-212 BC) He was a mathematician. He found that if you put an object into water the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object.2 Charles Darwin,

2、 British (1808-1882) The Origin of Species was published in 1859. It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. At the time it was published it was very controversial. Many people believed the Bible when it said that God made the first two people (A

3、dam and Eve) and that all other people came from these two. Darwin s book showed that people haddeveloped from apes instead. So this caused a lot of argument between religious and scientific people. However Darwin ideas became very influential and is still accepted today.3 Thomas Newcomen, British (

4、1663-1729) He improved the first steam pump built byThomas Savery in 1698 and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s turning it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.4 Gregor Mendel , Czech (1822-1884)

5、He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity and inherited characteristics. He concentrated on cross-fertilising pea plants and analyzing the results. Between1856-1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants. Heexaminedseven kinds of seed and plantcharacteristics and developed some laws ofinheritance.The fi

6、rstis thatinheritancefactors do not combine but are passed tothenextgenerationintact.Second,hefoundthateachpartnergives halftheinherited factors to the young. Third, someof these factors show up in the offspring(and so are dominant). The other factors aremasked by the dominant ones (and so arerecess

7、ive).5MarieCurie,PolishandFrench(1867-1934) She was born in Poland and came to study in France in 1891 and she lived there for the rest of her life. In 1898 she discovered radium. She received two Nobel prizes, one (with Pierre Curie) for physics (1903) and one for chemistry (1911). She is the only

8、person to have been so honoured. On the death of her husband she took over his job at the Sorbonne in Paris. Her work on radioactivity and the discovery of radium meant that she began a new scientific area of research. She was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize and the first woman to teach at

9、the Sorbonne.6 Thomas Edison, American (1847-1931) He was already an inventor of other electrical devices (phonograph, electric light bulb) when in 1882 he designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station. This was a tremendous achievement, which had previously

10、been thought impossible.7 Leonardo da Vinci, Italian (1452-1519) Hewas a famous artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive. He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possibile. Some of his famous paintingsinclude “ TheAdorat

11、ion of the Magi ”and the “ TheLast Supper ”Later. in his life he lived in France where he designed a submarine and a flying machine.8 Sir Humphry Davy, British (1778-1829) He did research into different gases anddiscovered the medicinal value of nitrous oxide (or laughing gas) as an anaesthetic. In

12、1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners. Previously there had been many accidents when candles on the miners helmets had exploded when it came into contact withunderground gas from the coal the miners were digging. The safety helmet made working underground very much safer.9 Zhang Heng, Chinese (

13、78-139) He invented the first seismograph to indicate inthe direction of an earthquake. It was in the shape of a cylinder with eight dragon headsround the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs directly under a dragon shead. When anearthquake occurred, a ball fell out

14、 of the dragon s mouth, making a noise.10 Stephen Hawking, British (1942-) He has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space. He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw out matter as well. This may mark the beginning of new galaxie

15、s. This is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes everything they come across.COMPREHENDINGAnswer key for Exercise 1:1 An outbreakofcholera hitLondon in1854.2 John Snow began to test two theories.3 John Snow investigated two streets wherethe outbreak was very severe.4 John Snow mar

16、ked the deaths on a map.5 He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.6 He had the handle removed from the water pump.7 He announced that the water carried the disease.8 King Cholera was defeated.Answerkey for Exercise 2:1 John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak th

17、at was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2 No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those ho

18、uses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3 Three diseases, which are similar today, are SARS,AIDS and bird flu, because they are serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.Sample s

19、ummary for Exercise 3:John Snow wanted to find the cause of cholera. He believed that people became ill after eating infected food. He used the next outbreak of cholera to test his idea. He studied a small area of houses which got their water from the same pump. Many people in the area died. John Sn

20、ow showed that this was because the water in the “pumpeat ”was infected. He showed that cholera could be defeated if people drank clean water.LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGEDiscovering useful words and expressionsSuggested answers to Exercise 1:1 victim2 physician3 analyse4 defeat5 challenge6 enquiry7 pump8

21、 blame9 absorb10 link.toAnswer key for Exercise 2:1 severe2 suspected3 exposed4 experts5 cure6 foresaw7 concluded8 announced9 attendedAnswer key for Exercise 3:make a suggestionmake a decisionmake a planmakeacontributionmake a speechmake a noisemake a changemakeadescriptionmake an investigationSome

22、possible examples for Exercise4: 1 The teacher asked us not to make faces in class.2 I tried to make friends with my neighbour but he was too old and did not want to talk to me.3 The best way to make money is to study hard and gain good qualifications.4 I didn t like them to collect me in theircar s

23、o I made my way to the restaurant on foot by myself.5 I m too tired tomake dinner, so I decide to eat out.6 Before you pay for that new car make sure it has a guarantee, which will protect you against any problems during the first year.7 Don tmake up your mind about buying that house till you have s

24、een a few more.8 When you leave your flat in the morning,it looks tidier if you make the bed before you go.9 I have tried to make room for her on that course but there are just too many people already attending it.Discovering useful structuresSome possible answers for Exercise 1:1 .when he thought a

25、bout helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(attribute)2 He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove thehandle from the pump.(attribute)3 He became interested in two theories.(pre-dicative)4 Neither its cause, nor its cure was under-stood.(predicative)Answer key for Exerc

26、ise 2:Past Participle as thePast Participle as theAttribute (1)Attribute (2)1 terrified people1peopleterrified of(cholera)2 reserved seats2 seats reserved by.3 polluted water3 water polluted by.4 a crowded room4aroomcrowdedwith.5 a pleased winner5awinnerpleasedwith.6 astonished children6childrenasto

27、nishedat/by.7 a broken vase7 a vase broken by.8 a closed door8 a door closed by.9 the tired audience9theaudience tiredof.10 a trapped animal10 ananimaltrappedin/by.Answer key for Exercise 3:1 blamed/upset2 tired3 disappointed4shocked/depressed5 excited6 infectedUSING LANGUAGELISTENING TEXTA GREAT CH

28、INESE SCIENTIST Father of the Chinese space programmeYu Ping (YP) is talking to her friend Steve Smith (SS) about Qian Xuesen and his work as a rocket scientist.Part 1YP: What do you want to be when you grow up, Steve?SS:I want to be an astronomer and visits stars. I wish to visit Mars one day.YP:I

29、think I dliketo work in the spaceengineer.industry too. Ietodbelik a rocket scientist2 In America he began to work on spacelike Qian Xuesen.rocketsso that hewas able to develop aSS:What did he have todo to become aspace programmewhenhe came back torocket scientist?China.YP:Well, he first studiedat u

30、niversity to be3 WhenQian Xuesen returned to China hean engineer. Later he went to America toset upa space instituteto begin trainingstudy for his doctor s degree. It was then hepeople in how to design and build rockets.began to work on rockets.Answer key for Exercise 4:SS:So it was lucky for our sp

31、ace programme that he came back to China.YP:Very much so. There was no work on space rockets in China before he began his institute to design and build rockets to go into space.Part 2SS:Do you think he wanted to travel into space in one of his rockets?YP:I have no idea but I believe he lookedforward

32、 to the first space flight by a Chineseastronaut.SS:Yes.Now thatChina has sent satellitesinto space. I hope we ll be the first to landon Mars. That would really be something special and if I were that astronaut I wouldput Qian Xuesen s picture on Mars to show how much we admire his work.YP:Indeed. H

33、e is rightfully called the father of the Chinese space programme. He is my hero and he is why I want to be a rocket scientist.SS:Well, we d better get on with our homework. We need good grades to get into university.YP:Right you are. See you, then.SS:See you.Answer key for Exercise 1:Students will g

34、ive their own answers.Answer key for Exercise 2:Main Idea: It is about the role of Qian Xuesen in the development of space technology in China.Answer key for Exercise 3:1QianXuesenfirststudiedtobeanChina sachievement-Steve Smithambis-sin spacetions1 Chinese astronauts in1 becomearocketspacescientist

35、2 Chinese satellites in2 be the first to land onspaceMars andputQianXuesen s picture thereAnswer keyorf Exercise 3:Students give their own answers.Students can show that they understand what is involved by making a realistic dialogue of their own.Sample conversation:MIKE: What do you want to do when

36、 you grow up?LI RU:I want to build robots. I will have to do a physics and mathematics degree in China. After that I hope to go abroad to Reading University in England where you can study all about robots. There is a special cybernetics department there.MIKE:What personality will be needed for that

37、job?LI RU:I think I need to be patient for my ideas which will take a long time to develop.I also need to be creative enough to have good ideas.MIKE:What experience will be most useful to you?LI RU:I think technology and engineering projects. I hope to work in a factory in my holidays.MIKE:What kind

38、 of person makes a good inventor?LI RU:I think someone who is happy to persevere at something and learns from his mistakes.MIKE:Thank you. I think designing robotssounds fun.Reading and writingAnswer key forExercise 1:BeforeShowingCopernicus theory Copernicus theoryAdiagram showingAdiagram showingth

39、esolar system withthesolar system withthe earth at its centrethe sun at its centreAnswer key for Exercise 2:Students give their own answers.Sample writing:Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you

40、will publish it for several reasons.I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the centre of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory.I

41、know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose i

42、t, time will show whether your ideas are right or wrong.So I hope you will feel you can publish yournew theory.Yours sincerely,(your name)Unit 2WARMING UPAnswers:1 C2 B (direct flight)3 B4 A5 BQuestion 1: The United Kingdom consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. More about this a

43、ppears in the first reading passage.Question 2: It takes ten hours to fly from Beijing to London Heathrow Airport if you take a direct flight.Question 3: It may appear to an outsiderthatthe Queen has an importantrole inruling the country. However, this is not so.Herpositionisceremonial:openingParlia

44、ment,welcomingHeads from othercountries, going on tours to other countriesto encourage trade withBritain, etc. ThePrimeMinistertogetherwithhismostimportant ministers (called the Cabinet) andhis MembersofParliament (each fromadifferentpartof thecountry)make theimportant political decisions and the la

45、ws.Question 4: The counties ofBritainaremuch smaller than provinces in China. Theyhave local government powers for their area.CountieshaveseveralMembersofParliament depending on the size of theirpopulation.Large towns such as ReadinghavetwoMPsandthelargestcityinEngland outside London, which is Birmi

46、ng-ham, has ten MPs.Question 5: The Rivers Thames and Severn are very similar in length but the River Thames is slightly longer. The River Thames is 338 km and the River Severn is 290 km. The River Avon is much shorter.COMPREHENDINGAnswer key for Exercise 1:1 England, Wales and Scotland2 England and

47、 Wales3 England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland4 Republic of Southern Ireland5 England/Great Britain/the UKAnswer key for Exercise 2:1 The country left out is Wales. It is usuallyassumed to be part of England.2 England, Scotland and Wales.3 The Vikings did not influence London.Answer key for E

48、xercise 3:North: Leeds, York, Sheffield, ManchesterMidlands: Coventry, BirminghamSouth: Reading, London, Brighton,PlymouthAnswer key for Exercise 4:Para 1, 2&3: what England includes; about Great Britain; the UK.Para 4:the geographical division of England into zones; their similarities and diffe

49、rences. Para 5&6:the cultural importance of London.Possible summary: The writer examines how the UK developed as an administrative unit. It shows how England is also divided into three zones. It explains why London became the cultural capital of England.LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE Discovering useful

50、 words and expressionsAnswer key for Exercise 1:1 unwilling2 countryside3 conveniences4 clarify5 constructing6 Kingdom7 administration8 accomplish9 enjoyableSuggested answers to Exercise 2:1 currency2 The Union JackUSING LANGUAGEReadingSuggested answers:3 United; consist of4 broke away5 institutions

51、6 conflicts7 provincesAnswer key for Exercise 3:1 asked2 whispered3 screamed4 begged5 agreed6 answered7 shouted8 complained9suggestedDiscovering useful structuresAnswer key for Exercise 1:1 .to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. 2 You find most of the popu

52、lation settled in the south, .3IthastheoldestportbuiltbytheRomans.Suggested answers to Exercise 2:1 have got the house mended2 Have you had your hair cut?3 have the dictionary delivered4 haven t had the film developed6 found it closed6 get it repaired7 got all their money stolen8 have it divided9 ha

53、d some of his points clarified10 had/got some flowers sent; had it announced; had it organizedAnswer key for Exercise 3:Answers will vary.Day 1CommentsDay 2Day 31Tower of1 delight, fancy1 Greenwich with1 Karl Marx s statueLondon2 splendid and interestingships“ strangehelivedand died2St Paul s3 interesting, full of statues of2 clock (GMT)in London”Cathedralpoets and write