新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)(上)[八種時(shí)態(tài)]

1、新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)（上）八種時(shí)態(tài)一時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。含有be動(dòng)詞的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl

2、 is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.不含有動(dòng)詞的句子，即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.變疑問句在句首加does, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虳oes he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog lik

3、e bones?變否定句在主語及動(dòng)詞之間加doesnt, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虷e doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.Yes, she does. No, she doesntYes, it does. No, it doesnt.注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The

4、 students like smart teachers.變疑問句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加dont.You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. No, I dont.Yes, we do. No, we dontYes, they do. No

5、, they dont.2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成：主語be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞其它成分（現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄）We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?變

6、否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑問句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑問詞動(dòng)詞主語現(xiàn)在分詞What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?(必背)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作1. 表示感覺，感官的詞s

7、ee, hear, like, love, want,2. have, has當(dāng)”擁有”講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)3. 一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am, is的過去式為was，are的過去式為wereI was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移

8、動(dòng)到句首Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notI was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, h

9、e/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑問句：What did you do?(必背)不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，動(dòng)詞過去式構(gòu)成見附錄I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.King Street a year ago.變疑問句在句首加did，動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虳id you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaura

10、nt?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?King Street a year ago?變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.King Street a year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. No, I didnt.Yes, he did. No, he didnt.

11、Yes, they did. No, they did not.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語+助動(dòng)詞have, has+過去分詞用法：1) 表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just, usually, already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用I have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了)He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book. （已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了）2)詢問別

12、人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3) 表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4) 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過地方，做過事情，經(jīng)歷過事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been

13、 to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去過，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.(人已經(jīng)回來)He has gone to London.（人還在那里）5) 表示一種結(jié)果， 一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化：變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.e.g. Have you lost your pe

14、n? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑問句：What have you done?What has he done?一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí)注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語連用錯(cuò)：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.對：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.5. 一般將來時(shí)表示將來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)

15、常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours time, etc. 表示將來的詞聯(lián)用結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首Will you go to America tomorro

16、w?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. No, I will no

17、t.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.特殊疑問句：What will you do?6. 過去完成時(shí)：用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過去完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過去分詞After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.

18、After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號，如果放在主句后則不用加。  變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首Had she finished her homework?  變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加notShe hadnt finished her homework.   肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. No, she hadnt.   特殊疑問句：What had she done?7. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,經(jīng)常用在when, while, as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。結(jié)

19、構(gòu)：was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.8 過去將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：would doShe said she would go here the next morning.新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)（中）句型和詞二  特殊句型：there be 句型，be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)1. Be going t

20、o 結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be動(dòng)詞+going to +動(dòng)詞原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加no

21、tI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑問句What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do

22、?(必背)2. There be 句型表示哪里有什么東西(某處有某物)There is單數(shù)名詞表示場所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere are復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示場所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?變否定句在動(dòng)詞后面加notThere

23、 is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. No, there is not.Yes, there are. No, there are not.三問句：一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問句² 一般疑問句: 助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?² 特殊疑問句: 特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句What is yo

24、ur name?² 選擇疑問句: orDo you want beef or lamb?² 反意疑問句: 肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分，否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分You dont need that pen, do you?² 否定疑問句: 一般疑問句+否定詞Arent you lucky? Dont you want have a rest?四冠詞用法：a/an/the的一般用法（ 詳細(xì)見筆記）五限定詞：some, any, many, much² some, any 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，a

25、ny用于否定句和疑問句，注意，當(dāng)期待對方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用some²  many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much.I have a lot of money. I dont have much money.六名詞：種類，復(fù)數(shù)，名詞所有格1名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞²不可數(shù)名詞無法分開的東西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice（米）抽象的東西：love, beauty, coldness（寒冷）不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn)：l.&

26、#160;不能用a, an修飾2. 不能加s3.和單數(shù)be動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞搭配² 可數(shù)名詞：單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s,名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下幾種變化： 規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1一般情況+se.g. shellshells bookbooks規(guī)則2以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+ese.g. foxfoxes  churchchurches, busbuses, watchwatches規(guī)則3以o結(jié)尾+s或+ese.g. potatopotatoes, NegroNegroes, heroheroes, tomatotoma

27、toes，（口訣：黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿），剩下一般加s, radioradios規(guī)則4以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為vese.g. lifelives  halfhalves, shelfshelves, citycities, wifewives規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾, 變y為i+ese.g. skyskies  flyflies   不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)manwomanfootgoosetooth復(fù)數(shù)menwomenfeetgeese teeth單數(shù)childsheep deer mousef

28、ish復(fù)數(shù)children     sheepdeermicefish 七介詞( 注意總結(jié)書上詞組)八副詞：用法及形容詞變副詞的變化u 副詞可以修飾形容詞，動(dòng)詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子。如：The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.u 變化：1直接在形容詞后加-ly,careful-carefully, slow-slowly,2以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變I, 加-ly,happ

29、y-happily, lucky-luckily3有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化fast, hard, late4有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)：neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately,  九情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用：can, must, may, might, need,1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can（能夠）, must（必須）, may（可以）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.變疑問句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移

30、到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he can. No, he cannot.Yes, she can. No, she cannot.Yes, we can. No, we cannot.特殊疑問句：What can you do?(必背)注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)

31、動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加S。2Must/have to的區(qū)別must 表示必須，是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)3must, may, might表示猜測：must do 表示對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測must have done表示對過去事實(shí)的猜測must have been doing 表示對過去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測may/might do, may/might have done表示沒有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測，might的可能性更小。cant/couldnt 表示不可能4need 用法：表示

32、“需要”時(shí)為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I dont.I need to have a rest.u       Need doing=need to be done，表示被動(dòng)The flowers need watering.Need在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用You neednt go so early. =You dont need to go so early.Must I clean the desk right now? No, you

33、 neednt. 十不定代詞及不定副詞：   Someanynoeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingonesomeoneanyoneanythingeveryonewheresomewhereanywhereanywhereeverywherebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody  I looked for my book everywhere, but I cant find it anywhere.If you want go somewhere,

34、 if you want to be someone, you must wake up.Help! Somebody? Anybody?You are really something.Since everybody is here, lets begin our class.Where did you go? I went nowhere.Nobody is at home.I have nothing left.新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)（下）句型和語法十一 感嘆句：What +名詞+主語+謂語What a beautiful girl she is!How + 形容詞+主語+謂語How

35、beautiful the girl is!十二 祈使句： 第二人稱：let+其他人稱代詞祈使句的否定，加dont反意疑問祈使句（第二人稱）祈使句表示請求，命令，建議，邀請等，謂語動(dòng)詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆好或者句號，用降調(diào)?？隙ň鋭?dòng)詞原型例， Come here, please. Go downstairs, please. Stand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful.祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號隔開，放在句首或者句尾Come in, Amy.Sit down here, Tom.Mary, give me a

36、 book please.否定：Don't+動(dòng)詞原型Don't come here.Dont sit down.Dont stand up.Dont give me it.let sb. doLet me pass.Let us have a rest.Lets have a rest.(反意疑問)：Lets have a walk along the river, shall we?Let us go out for a drink, will you?十三倒裝句：so/neither的倒裝eg.He can swim. So can I.I didnt go to class. Neither did I.結(jié)構(gòu)：so/neither+be+ 主語so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+ 主語so/neither+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞