建筑施工畢業(yè)論文中英文資料外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

1、建筑施工畢業(yè)論文中英文資料外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)building construction concrete crack ofprevention and processingabstract the crack problem of concrete is a widespread existence but again difficult in solve of engineering actual problem, this text carried on a study analysis to a little bit familiar crack problem in the concrete

2、 engineering, and aim at concrete the circumstance put forward some prevention, processing measure. keyword:concrete crack prevention processingforeword concrete is formed by a sand and gravel aggregate,cement,water and other materials but mixed heterogeneous brittle materials.because the concrete c

3、onstruction transform with oneself, control etc. a series problem, harden model of in the concrete existence numerous tiny hole, spirit cave and tiny crack, is exactly because these beginning start blemish of existence just make the concrete present one some not and all the characteristic of quality

4、.the tiny crack is a kind of harmless crack and accept concrete heavy, impermeable and a little bit other use function not a creation to endanger.but after the concrete be subjected to lotus carry, difference in temperature etc. function, tiny crack would continuously of expand with connect, end for

5、mation we can see without the aid of instruments of macro view the crack be also the crack that the concrete often say in the engineering. concrete building and component all take sewer to make of, because of crack of existence and development usually make inner part of reinforcing bar etc. material

6、 creation decay, lower reinforced concrete material of loading ability, durable and impermeable ability, influence building of external appearance, service life, severity will threat arrive people's life and property safety.a lot of all of crash of engineerings is because of the unsteady develop

7、ment of the crack with the result that.modern age science research with a great deal of of the concrete engineering practice certificate, in the concrete engineering crack problem is ineluctable, also acceptable in certainly of the scope just need to adopt valid of measure will it endanger degree co

8、ntrol at certain of scope inside.the reinforced concrete norm is also explicit provision:some structure at place of dissimilarity under the condition allow existence certain the crack of width.but at under construction should as far as possible adopt a valid measure control crack creation, make the

9、structure don't appear crack possibly or as far as possible decrease crack of amount and width, particularly want to as far as possible avoid harmful crack of emergence, insure engineering quality thus. concrete crack creation of the reason be a lot of and have already transformed to cause of cr

10、ack:such as temperature variety, constringency, inflation, the asymmetry sink to sink etc. reason cause of crack;have outside carry the crack that the function cause;protected environment not appropriate the crack etc. caused with chemical effect.want differentiation to treat in the actual engineeri

11、ng, work°out a problem according to the actual circumstance. in the concrete engineering the familiar crack and the prevention 1.shrinkage crack and prevention shrinkage crack much appear after the concrete protect be over of a period of time or concrete sprinkle to build to complete behind of

12、around a week.in the cement syrup humidity of evaporate would creation shrinkage, and this kind of constringency is can't negative.shrinkage crack of the creation be main is because of concrete inside outside humidity evaporate degree dissimilarity but cause to transform dissimilarity of result:

13、the concrete is subjected to exterior condition of influence, surface humidity loss lead quick, transform bigger, inner part degree of humidity variety smaller transform smaller, bigger surface shrinkage transform to be subjected to concrete inner part control, creation more big pull should dint but

14、 creation crack.the relative humidity is more low, cement syrup body shrinkage more big, shrinkage crack be more easy creation.shrinkage crack is much surface parallel lines form or the net shallow thin crack, width many between 0.05-0.2 mm, the flat surface part much see in the big physical volume

15、concrete and follow it more in thinner beam plank short to distribute.shrinkage crack usually the impermeability of influence concrete, cause the durable of the rust eclipse influence concrete of reinforcing bar, under the function of the water pressure dint would creation the water power split crac

16、k influence concrete of loading dint etc.concrete shrinkage be main with water ash of the concrete ratio, the dosage of the composition, cement of cement, gather to anticipate of the dosage of the property and dosage, in addition etc. relevant. main prevention measure:while being to choose to use th

17、e constringency quantity smaller cement, general low hot water mire and powder ash from stove cement in the adoption, lower the dosage of cement.two is a concrete of shrinkage be subjected to water ash ratio of influence more big, water ash ratio more big, shrinkage more big, so in the concrete matc

18、h the ratio the design should as far as possible control good water ash ratio of choose to use, the chan add in the meantime accommodation of reduce water.three is strict control concrete mix blend with under construction of match ratio, use of concrete water quantity absolute can't big in match

19、 ratio design give settle of use water quantity.four is the earlier period which strengthen concrete to protect, and appropriate extension protect of concrete time.winter construction want to be appropriate extension concrete heat preservation to overlay time, and brushing protect to protect.five is

20、 a constitution the accommodation is in the concrete structure of the constringency sew. 2.plastic shrinkage cracking and prevention plastic shrinkage is the concrete is before condense, surface because of lose water quicker but creation of constringency.the plastic shrinkage crack is general at dry

21、 heat or strong wind the weather appear, crack's much presenting in the center breadth, both ends of the thin and the length be different, with each other not coherent appearance.shorter crack general long 20-30 cm, the longer crack can reach to a 2-3 m, breadth 1-5 mm.it creation of main reason

22、 is:the concrete is eventually almost having no strength or strength before the final setting very small, perhaps concrete just eventually final setting but strength very hour, be subjected to heat or compare strong wind dint of influence, the concrete surface lose water to lead quick, result in in

23、the capillary creation bigger negative press but make a concrete physical volume sharply constringency, but at this time the strength of concrete again can't resist its constringency, therefore creation cracked.the influence concrete plastic shrinkage of the main factors of crack to have water a

24、sh ratio, concrete of condense time, environment temperature, wind velocity, relative humidity.etc. main prevention measure:one is choose to use dry compression value smaller higher silicate of the earlier period strength or common the portland cement.two is strict the control water ash ratio, the c

25、han add to efficiently reduce water to increment the collapse of concrete fall a degree and with easy, decrease cement and water of dosage.three is to sprinkle before building concrete, water basic level and template even to soak through.four is in time to overlay the perhaps damp grass mat of the p

26、lastics thin film, hemp slice etc., keep concrete eventually before the final setting surface is moist, perhaps spray to protect etc. to carry on protect in the concrete surface.five is in the heat and strong wind the weather to want to establish to hide sun and block breeze facilities, protect in t

27、ime. 3.sink to sink crack and prevention the creation which sink to sink crack is because of the structure foundation soil quality not and evenly, loose soft or return to fill soil dishonest or soak in water but result in the asymmetry sink to decline with the result that;perhaps because of template

28、 just degree shortage, the template propped up to once be apart from big or prop up bottom loose move etc. to cause, especially at winter, the template prop up at jelly soil up, jelly the soil turn jelly empress creation asymmetry to sink to decline and cause concrete structure creation crack.this k

29、ind crack many is deep enter or pierce through sex crack, it alignment have something to do with sinking to sink a circumstance, general follow with ground perpendicular or present 30 °s-45 ° cape direction development, bigger sink to sink crack, usually have certain of wrong, crack width

30、usually with sink to decline quantity direct proportion relation.crack width under the influence of temperature variety smaller.the foundation after transform stability sink to sink crack also basic tend in stability. main prevention measure:one is rightness loose soft soil, return to fill soil foun

31、dation a construction at the upper part structure front should carry on necessity of hang solid with reinforce.two is the strength that assurance template is enough and just degree, and prop up firm, and make the foundation be subjected to dint even.three is keep concrete from sprinkle infusing the

32、foundation in the process is soak by water.four is time that template tore down to can't be too early, and want to notice to dismantle a mold order of sequence.five is at jelly soil top take to establish template to notice to adopt certain of prevention measure. 4.temperature crack and preventio

33、n temperature crack much the occurrence is in big surface or difference in temperature variety of the physical volume concrete compare the earth area of the concrete structure.concrete after sprinkling to build, in the hardening the process, cement water turn a creation a great deal of of water turn

34、 hot, .(be the cement dosage is in the 350-550 kg/m 3, each sign square the rice concrete will release a calories of 17500-27500kj and make concrete internal thus the temperature rise to reach to 70 or so even higher)because the physical volume of concrete be more big, a great deal of of water turn

35、hot accumulate at the concrete inner part but not easy send forth, cause inner part the temperature hoick, but the concrete surface spread hot more quick, so formation inside outside of bigger difference in temperature, the bigger difference in temperature result in inner part and exterior hot the d

36、egree of the bulge or cooling dissimilarity, make concrete surface creation certain of pull should dint.when pull should dint exceed the anti- of concrete pull strength extreme limit, concrete surface meeting creation crack, this kind of crack much occurrence after the concrete under construction pe

37、riod.in the concrete of under construction be difference in temperature variety more big, perhaps is a concrete to be subjected to assault of cold wave etc., will cause concrete surface the temperature sharply descend, but creation constringency, surface constringency of the concrete be subjected to

38、 inner part concrete of control, creation very big of pull should dint but creation crack, this kind of crack usually just in more shallow scope of the concrete surface creation. the alignment of the temperature crack usually none settle regulation, big area structure the crack often maneuver interl

39、eave;the size bigger structure of the beam plank length, the crack run parallel with short side more;thorough with pierce through sex of temperature crack general and short side direction parallelism or close parallelism, crack along long side cent the segment appear, in the center more airtight.cra

40、ck width the size be different, be subjected to temperature variety influence more obvious, winter compare breadth, summer more narrow.the concrete temperature crack that the heat inflation cause is usually in the center the thick both ends be thin, but or cooling crack of thick thin variety not too

41、 obvious.the emergence of the this kind crack will cause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar, the carbonization of concrete, the anti- jelly which lower concrete melt, anti- tired and anti- permeability ability etc. main prevention measure:one is as far as possible choose to use low hot or medium ho

42、t water mire, like mineral residue cement, powder ash from stove cement.etc.two is a decrease cement dosage, cement dosage as far as possible the control is in the 450 kg/m 3 following.three is to lower water ash ratio, water ash of the general concrete ratio control below 0.6.four is improvement th

43、e bone anticipate class to go together with, the chan add powder ash from stove or efficiently reduce water etc. to come to reduce cement dosage and lower water to turn hot.five is an improvement concrete of mix blend to process a craft, lower sprinkle of concrete to build temperature.six is the in

44、addition that the chan add a have of fixed amount to reduce water and increase plastic, slow condense etc. function in the concrete, improvement the concrete mix to match a thing of mobility, protect water, lower water to turn hot, postpone the thermal spike of emergence time.seven is the heat seaso

45、n sprinkle to build can the adoption take to establish to hide sun plank etc. assistance measure control concrete of temperature rise, lower to sprinkle temperature of build the concrete.eight is the temperature of big physical volume concrete should the dint relate to structure size, concrete struc

46、ture size more big, temperature should dint more big, so want reasonable arrangement construction work preface, layering, cent the piece sprinkle to build, for the convenience of in spread hot, let up control.nine is at great inner part constitution of the physical volume concrete cool off piping, c

47、old water perhaps cold air cool off, let up concrete of inside outside difference in temperature.ten is the supervision which strengthen concrete temperature, adopt to cool off in time, protection measure.11 is to reserve temperature constringency to sew.12 is to let up to control, sprinkle proper b

48、efore building concrete in the bedrock and old concrete top build a 5 mm or so sand mat a layer or usage asphalt etc. material brushing.13 is to strengthen concrete to protect, the concrete after sprinkle build use moist straws in time, hemp slice's etc. overlay, and attention sprinkle water to

49、protect, appropriate extension protect time, assurance the concrete surface be slow-moving cool off.at the cold season, concrete surface should constitution heat preservation measure, in order to prevent cold wave assault.14 is the allocation be a little amount in the concrete of reinforcing bar per

50、haps add fiber material concrete of temperature crack control at certain of scope inside. 5.crack and prevention that the chemical reaction cause alkali bone's anticipating the crack that reaction crack and reinforcing bar rust eclipse cause is the most familiar in the reinforced concrete struct

51、ure of because of chemical reaction but cause of crack. the concrete blend a future reunion creation some alkalescence ion, these ion with some activity the bone anticipate creation chemical reaction and absorb surroundings environment in of water but the physical volume enlarge, make concrete crisp

52、 loose, inflation open crack.in this kind of crack general emergence concrete structure usage period, once appear very difficult remediable, so should at under construction adopt valid the measure carry on prevention.main of prevention measure:while being to choose to anticipate with the alkali acti

53、vity small freestone bone.two is the in addition which choose to use low lye mire with low alkali or have no alkali.three is the chan which choose to use accommodation with anticipate to repress an alkali bone to anticipate reaction. because the concrete sprinkle to build, vibrators bad perhaps is a

54、 reinforcing bar protection layer thinner, the harmful material get into concrete to make reinforcing bar creation rust eclipse, the reinforcing bar physical volume of the rust eclipse inflation, cause concrete bulge crack, the crack of this kind type much is a longitudinal crack, follow the positio

55、n of reinforcing bar appear.usually of prevent measure from have:one is assurance reinforcing bar protection the thickness of the layer.two is a concrete class to go together with to want good.three is a concrete to sprinkle to note and vibrators airtight solid.four is a reinforcing bar surface laye

56、r brushing antisepsis coating.crack processing the emergence of the crack not only would influence structure of whole with just degree, return will cause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar, acceleration concrete of carbonization, lower durable and anti- of concrete tired, anti- permeability ability

57、.therefore according to the property of crack and concrete circumstance we want differentiation to treat, in time processing, with assurance building of safety usage. the repair measure of the concrete crack is main to have the following some method:surface repair method, infuse syrup, the caulking

58、sealing method, the structure reinforce a method, concrete displacement method, electricity chemistry protection method and imitate to living from heal method. surface repair the method be a kind of simple, familiar of repair method, it main be applicable to stability and to structure loading the ab

59、ility don't have the surface crack of influence and deep enter crack of processing.the processing measure that is usually is a surface in crack daubery cement syrup, the wreath oxygen gum mire or at concrete surface brushing paint, asphalt etc. antisepsis material, at protection of in the meantime for keeping concrete from continue under the influence of various function to open crack, usually can adoption the surface in crack glue to stick glass fiber cloth etc. mea