英語專題復(fù)習(xí)---動詞種類和情態(tài)動詞

1、動詞種類動詞種類 英語動詞分為實義動詞（行為動詞）、連系英語動詞分為實義動詞（行為動詞）、連系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。春考考點鏈接：春考考點鏈接：情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞(1)了解情態(tài)動詞了解情態(tài)動詞might，ought to的用法。的用法。(2)掌握情態(tài)動詞掌握情態(tài)動詞can，could，may, shall，should，will，would，must，have to，need的用法。的用法。動詞的分類動詞的分類1._2._3._4._行為動詞(及物和不及物）sleep, buy, clean, go連系動詞（系動詞+形容詞）be, 感官動詞，keep, stay, ge

2、t, become, seem助動詞do, does, did, have, be，will, shall情態(tài)動詞（加動詞原形）能夠， 可能/以，必須， 將要， 應(yīng)該can may must will shallcould might have to would should按詞義和句中的作用，動詞可以分為四類按詞義和句中的作用，動詞可以分為四類及物動詞跟賓語及物動詞跟賓語須跟賓語一起才能表達(dá)須跟賓語一起才能表達(dá)完整的意思完整的意思I have a book.不及物動詞不能不及物動詞不能直接接賓語直接接賓語能能獨立獨立作謂語作謂語She always comes late.跟表語跟表語不能獨立

3、做謂語，跟表不能獨立做謂語，跟表語構(gòu)成完整意思語構(gòu)成完整意思I am a student.跟動詞原形或分詞跟動詞原形或分詞（無詞匯意義無詞匯意義）不能獨立做謂語，跟主要動不能獨立做謂語，跟主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語，表示疑問，否詞構(gòu)成謂語，表示疑問，否定及各種時態(tài)定及各種時態(tài)He doesnt speak Chinese.I am watching TV.跟動詞原形（有自己跟動詞原形（有自己的詞匯意思）的詞匯意思）We can do it by ourselves.That would be better.不能獨立做謂語。表示不能獨立做謂語。表示說話人語氣、情態(tài)，無說話人語氣、情態(tài)，無人稱和數(shù)的變化人稱

4、和數(shù)的變化()1. The food tastes _. Dont eat it.A. badB. badly()2. That sounds _.A. wellB. good()3. Im not feeling _ now.A. wellB. goodABA連系動詞：后加形容詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。連系動詞：后加形容詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 well adj. 身體好 adv. 好（表示做的質(zhì)量好），形容詞 是good()4. I _ get up until 9:00 this morningA. didntB. wasnt()5. _ you from Zhanjiang?A. DoB. Are(

5、)6. Mary _ know me.A. dontB. isntC. doesnt()7. You went to school, _ you?A. dontB. doC. didnt D. did()8. I _ read the book before.A. amB. haveC. has ()9. I _ to leave the party.A. am askedB. askedCBACBAA()10. I have _ living here for 3 years.A. been livingB. have live 春考考點：春考考點：掌握情態(tài)動詞掌握情態(tài)動詞can，could

6、，may, shall，should，will，would，must，have to，need的用法。的用法。情態(tài)動詞：本身情態(tài)動詞：本身無人稱和數(shù)的變化無人稱和數(shù)的變化，但，但have to除外。除外。情態(tài)動詞的疑問和否定：疑問句，將情態(tài)動詞提前；否情態(tài)動詞的疑問和否定：疑問句，將情態(tài)動詞提前；否定句，在情態(tài)動詞后加定句，在情態(tài)動詞后加not,可縮寫。可縮寫。have to例外：疑問句例外：疑問句: do/does/did + sb. + have to 否定句否定句: do/does/did not +have tocan may must will shallcould have to

7、would should need春考真題鏈接：（2005）-May I put the car at the entrance to the supermarket? -No ，you_. A neednt B cant C must D Wouldnt (2009) -Who is that boy reading in the garden? -It David .He has gone to Shanghai with his friends. A cant B may not C mustnt D will not（2010）Its quite early .We _worry ab

8、out the time. A neednt B may not C mustnt D cant (2011)May I use your computer? Sorry ，you_. It doesnt work now. A neednt B cant C must D Wouldnt (2014) .-Our class won the English speaking contest. -Congratulations!Y ou_ be very proud of it. A.may B.must C.neednt D.cant常見情態(tài)動詞用法常見情態(tài)動詞用法 原形（過去式）用法含義例

9、句can (could)表示能力(= be able to)能；會Tom can swim. =Tom is able to swim. 湯姆會游泳。(疑問句中)表示請求可以Can/Could you give us a hand? 你可以幫我們一下嗎？（否定句中）表示猜測cant不可能The boy cant be Jim. Hes much taller. 這個男孩不可能是吉姆。他要高很多。原形（過去式）用法含義例句may (might)表示可能性(可與maybe互換)可能Tony may know the way. =Maybe Tony knows the way. 托尼可能知道路。表

10、示客氣請求(比can 正式）可以May I come in? 我可以進來嗎？表示祝愿祝May you be happy! 祝你快樂！原形(過去式)用法含義例句must 表示義務(wù)、命令或要求必須We must tell the truth to our parents. 我們必須告訴父母真相。表示肯定的猜測（否定猜測用cant ）一定Lisa must be at home. 莉薩一定在家里。(推測現(xiàn)在的狀況)You must be kidding! 你一定是在開玩笑！(推測現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的狀況) They must have seen the movie. 他們一定看過這部電影。(推測過去的狀況

11、)原形（過去式）用法含義例句shall(should)Shall. . . ? 用于第一人稱，表示建議或請求好嗎？Shall we ask the teacher for help? 我們向老師尋求幫助好嗎？should用于各種人稱，強調(diào)義務(wù)或責(zé)任應(yīng)該Students shouldnt have long hair. 學(xué)生們不應(yīng)該留長發(fā)。原形（過去式）用法含義例句will（would）用于第二人稱疑問句中，表示征求意見或提建議愿意Will/Would you please take out the trash? 你可以把垃圾拿出去嗎？will用于各種人稱，表示意愿Your parents wi

12、ll try their best to help you. 你的父母會盡最大努力幫助你。考點一、情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法：1. must：一定2. can/could/may/might：可能（四個詞可能程度遞減）3. cant ： “一定不” 那一定是Tom。It _ _ Tom.2. 那一定不是Tom.It _ _ Tom.3. 那可能不是Tom.It _ _ _ Tom.must becant bemay not be例 - I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. - No. She _ b

13、e there, I have just been there.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wouldnt考點二： 由 can、could、may、must構(gòu)成的疑問句-Can / Could I use your pen? - Yes, you _ A. canB. could 注意：情態(tài)動詞的過去式表示比原形更委婉的語氣。所以由情態(tài)動詞的過去式表示比原形更委婉的語氣。所以由could 引導(dǎo)的表示請求的疑問句的回答用引導(dǎo)的表示請求的疑問句的回答用can.2. 對 may 引出的問句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes, of course.Yes, certainly.Su

14、re .No, you mustnt.No, you cant. 3.對must/ need 引出的疑問句，回答方式為： Yes, must. No, neednt-Must /Need I finish my homework?我必須完成作業(yè)嗎？-No, you neednt. 不，你不必。-Yes， you must . 是的，你必須完成。 ()1. -Must I finish all of them? - No, you _. A. mustntB. needntBmust 的兩個考點： 它引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定回答用must; 否定回答用neednt; dont have to mu

15、stnt的意思是“禁止”，表示不允許，語氣強烈，通常表示規(guī)定、法律等。 表示肯定猜測()1. It _ be Toms book because his names on it.A. mustB. can()2. It _ be broken, but Im not sure.A. mustB. may( ) 3. The house should _ right now. A. cleanB. be cleaned ( )4. - Must he eat all the things? - No, he _. A. mustntB. needntBABB- Need he start fro

16、m the beginning? - Yes, he must. - No, he neednt 1.1.作作情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞時時, ,僅用于否定或疑問句僅用于否定或疑問句, ,后接動詞原形后接動詞原形, ,表表“需要需要”考點三：考點三：need You neednt return the book now.2.2.作作實義動詞實義動詞時時, ,表示表示“需要需要”，有人稱、時態(tài)、和數(shù)的變，有人稱、時態(tài)、和數(shù)的變化化He needs to finish it this evening. The classroom needs cleaning.考點四：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動

17、語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為： 情態(tài)動詞+ be + done (動詞的過去分詞)。做題時要兼顧情態(tài)動詞和被動語態(tài)這兩個方面。 如： You neednt get up so early every day.你不必每天都起這么早。She shouldnt speak t her mother in that way.她不應(yīng)該用那種方式和媽媽說話。More and more trees must be planted in China.在中國必須種植更多的樹木。Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我們都看

18、不到， 因為它們離 我們太遠(yuǎn)了。習(xí)題精講習(xí)題精講1. You _ stop when the traffic light turns red. A. can B. had better C. need D. must【解析解析】選選D。must是是“必須，不得不必須，不得不”，根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的，根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的when the traffic light turns red可知是可知是“你必須你必須”。2.Is that girl under the tree Mary? No, that _ be Mary. She is in New York. A. can B. mustnt C. can

19、t【解析解析】選選C。由答語。由答語“她在紐約。她在紐約?！笨芍?，那個女孩不可能可知，那個女孩不可能是瑪麗，故用是瑪麗，故用cant。3. Mom, must I finish my homework now? No, you _. You may have supper first. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant【解析解析】選選B。句意：。句意：媽媽，我現(xiàn)在必須完成家庭作業(yè)媽媽，我現(xiàn)在必須完成家庭作業(yè)嗎？嗎？不，你不需要。你可以先吃飯。對不，你不需要。你可以先吃飯。對must引導(dǎo)的一般疑引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，否定回答時常用問句，否定回答時常用No, . . . neednt, 故選故選B。4.Will you stay for some more days? Sorry, I _. My mother called to ask me to go back at once. A. mustnt B. may notC