Chapter 3 Graphological stylistic functions

1、Chapter 3 Graphological stylistic functions/ style marker in graphology Punctuation, capitalization, italicizing, Format of printing paragraphing, Spacing Spelling (misspelling) Graphology 字系學(xué) refers to the writing system of a language. It studies symbols which are distinctive such as:3.1 punctuatio

2、n 3.1.1 period It occurs at the end of a declarative sentence. Sometimes when a declarative ends, the speaker did not use period at all. This can serve as a stylistic device. Q: Indicate the graphological deviation in the following poem. 3.1.1 periodSchools outGirls scream, Boys shout;Dogs bark, Sch

3、ools outCats run, Horses shy;Into trees Birds fly. ( William Henry Davies) The children are energetic, and can not be suppressed or blocked. The first stanza ends without the period. It means: open to children, free, or set free their energy.3.1.2 comma Used to mark the unit larger than a word and s

4、maller than a colon unit. Man proposes, God disposes. Indicate the contrast. The antithesis stressed the fact that people has no power to influence God. How, is, my, lit,tle, friend? How, is, my, lit,tle, friend. Charles Dickens Dombey and Son Every syllable is stressed, so it is like music, or the

5、ticking of the clock. It can be used to achieve special effects. I came, I saw, I conquered.Q: Can the two commas be replaced by period in this sentence?3.1.3 exclamation marks Be used to carry emotional coloring, a mark of expressing special feelings. So it can occur at the end of a declarative sen

6、tence as a device for prominence.e.g. Time has simply come to a standstill!3.2 capitals and bold types He failed the exam AGAIN! and upon them (childrens faces) and upon the grown faces, and ploughed into every furrow of age and coming up afresh, was the sign, Hunger. ( Charles Dickens, A Tale of Tw

7、o Cities) NO SPITTING! WET PAINT!3.3 italics The smallest unit where italics is used is the word, and the largest is the paragraph or paragraph groups. It typically indicates quoted words, headlines, loan words, titles, names of newspapers. Italics make them prominent.Letter to the editor: We know c

8、olumbus Regarding “Discovering Americas How Mrs. Columbus Saw It”(Features, Dec.7) by Jake Lamar: How many times do we have to start all over again?3.4 spatial arrangement (shaped poetry, sight poetry, visual poetry, cubist verse, graphic verse, concrete poetry)3.4 spatial arrangement E. E. Cummings

9、 (1894-1962)l(a le af fa ll s) one l iness spatial arrangementSpatial arrangement a Hawk hangs in the air birds the ( Ronald Sukenick, The Birds)Spatial arrangement R. Draper, Target Practice The poem is shaped like a bulls eye or target with a series of concentric circles. Each circle from the outs

10、ide to the inside represents a progression in the degree of seriousness of injury. Uniqueness and originality Graphological deviation can occur in any sub-area of graphology, such as the spacing of the text, the type of print, italics, bold type, punctuation, indentation, etcDiscussion Point out the

11、 special stylistic effects created by punctuation marks in the following English and Chinese sentences.1. There is no retreat, but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged. Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitable and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it co

12、me!2. “晶晶你等等我！” 衛(wèi)衛(wèi)痛苦地向著晶晶遠(yuǎn)去的身影呼喊。 海濱上空響起一個(gè)女孩響亮而清晰的聲音： “我們從此一、刀、兩、斷！”3. “你是不是早戀了？” “我早戀了??？” 4. This Is Just to Say (William Carlos Williams) I have eaten the plumsthat were in the icebox and whichyou were probablysavingfor breakfastForgive methey were delicious so sweet and so cold Q: Do you think it

13、 is a poem?rewritten as: I have eaten the plums that were in the icebox, and which you were probably savingfor breakfast. Forgive me. They were delicious, so sweet and so cold.The ellipsis of punctuation marks This poem has two prominent characteristics: 1) the title is not independent, but as the part of the whole poem, the main clause of the first two stanzas. 2) it omits all the punctuation marks, i