九年級英語語法

1、 詞類。 詞類 英語名稱 意 義 例 詞 名詞 The Noun (縮寫為n) 表示人或事物的名稱 Basket, mouth, hospital, year, train 冠詞 The Article (art) 用在名詞前幫助說明名詞所指的人或事物 a, an, the 代詞 The Pronoun (pron) 用來代替名詞、形容詞或數(shù)詞 They, his, him, mine, which, all 形容詞 The Adjective (adj) 用以修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特征 Long, empty, heavy, differe

2、nt, cheap, hungry 數(shù)詞 The Numeral (num) 表示數(shù)量或順序 Three, thirteen, twenty, second 動詞 The Verb (v) 表示動作或狀態(tài) Hear, write, swim, eat, borrow, sing 副詞 The Adverb (adv) 修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞 Quickly, early, out, soon, then, sometimes 介詞 The Preposition (prep) 表示名詞、代詞等和句中其他詞的關(guān)系 From, with, at, int

3、o, behind, between, for 連詞 The Conjunction (conj) 用來連接詞與詞、短語與短語或句與句 And, or, but, so, because 感嘆詞 The Interjection (interj) 表示說話時的喜悅、驚訝等情感 Oh, hey, ouch, well, there, dear （一） 名詞： 專有名詞：表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如 China, John, London, the USA, Harbin .1名詞 個體名詞：表示單個的人或事物。如 boat, chair, desk,

4、apple . 可數(shù)名詞 集體名詞：表示一群人或一些事物的總稱。如 family, people, class, police . 普通名詞 物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)。如 water, air, tea, sea, money, cotton . 抽象名詞：表示抽象概念的詞。如 health, help, work, friendship . 不可數(shù)名詞 2名詞的數(shù)?？蓴?shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)，不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)。 3名詞的格：名詞有三個格：主格（作主語）、賓格（作賓語）、和所有格。其中只有名詞的所有格有形式變化。 （二）冠

5、詞 1定冠詞the . 1 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。The students are very good. 2 說話人與聽話人都知道的人或事物。Where is the toilet ? 3 重復(fù)提到上文的人或事物。I have a cat , the cat is white and black . 4 表示世界上獨一無二的事物。The moon moves around the earth . 5 形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞前和表示方位的名詞前。I am the oldest . He is the first to school

6、 . I live in the south . 6 洋樂器的名稱前常用定冠詞the 。I like playing the piano / violin . 7 和某些形容詞連用，使形容詞名詞化，代表某一類人。We should help the poor . 但play Erhu. 8 放在某些專有名詞前。We will go to visit the Great Wall next week . the Peoples Republic of China . 9 放在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示全家人或夫婦兩人。The Whites are watchi

7、ng TV . 10 固定詞組中。In the morning / afternoon / evening . 2不定冠詞a / an . 1 指人或事物的某一種類。A horse is a useful animal. A table has four legs. 2 指某一類人或事物中的任何一個。Pass me a pencil, please. We write with a pen. 3 指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或何物。The book was written by a peasant. Last month we were wo

8、rking in a factory. 4 不定冠詞還可以指“事物的單位”，如“每日”、“每斤”等。 Here is a letter for you . The meat is 18 yuan a kilo. 3零冠詞。 1 泛指人類或男女。Man will conquer nature . 2 抽象名詞在用來表示它的一般概念時，通常不加冠詞。Knowledge begins with practice . 3 有些個體名詞有時可以轉(zhuǎn)化成具有抽象意義，其前面也常不加冠詞。We had better send him to hospital a

9、t once. 4 在專有名詞前一般不用冠詞。China is a great country. Mr Smith is an artist. 5 在三餐飯、球棋類運動名稱之前不用冠詞。He often goes out for a walk after supper. Sometimes I play basketball. 6 在節(jié)假日、星期幾、月份、季節(jié)等名詞前。September 10th is Teachers Day. 7 稱呼語或表示頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞前不用冠詞。Granny is sleeping now. We call him moni

10、tor. 8 在語言名詞前，名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞或數(shù)詞時，不用冠詞。This is his book. I can speak English . 9 不用冠詞的慣用語。At night / on food / go to town / at home / in class / at work 等。 （三）形容詞 1形容詞的構(gòu)成。 1 簡單形容詞由一個單詞構(gòu)成。Good, long, green, large, bright, interesting, surprised, learned, developing, sleeping .&

11、#160;2 復(fù)合形容詞由一個以上的詞構(gòu)成。20-minute, second-hand, 500-word, 8-year-old, three-legged, round-trip, part-time, good-looking. 2形容詞的用法。 1 修飾名詞作定語。She is a beautiful girl . 2 作表語。He is very strong. 3 作賓語補足語。Let the door open. You must keep your classroom clean . 4 “定冠詞形容詞”表示一類人或物，在句子

12、中可作主語或賓語。We should speak to the old politely. 5 大多數(shù)形容詞既可作表語又可作定語，但少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語，不能作定語。如：asleep, ill, awake 等。 6 有些形容詞只能作定語而不能作表語。如：many, little, wooden, golden 等。 3形容詞的位置。 1 形容詞通常放在它所修飾的名詞的前面。A heavy box. 2 與表示度量的詞連用，形容詞要放在它所修飾詞語的后面。3 metres long. 12 kilometers away . 3 與不

13、定代詞something, anything, everything, nothing 等連用時，可以放在這些詞之后。 Something important . nothing serious . 4 當名詞前有多個形容詞修飾時，一般按下面的詞序排列： 冠詞（包括物主代詞、序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞）描述形容詞（brave, beautiful）表示形狀（大小、長短、高矮）的形容詞表示年齡或新舊的形容詞表示顏色的形容詞表示國籍、出處或來源的形容詞表示材料、物質(zhì)的形容詞表示用途或類別的形容詞被修飾的詞。My nice small brown leather bag . those large r

14、ound black wooden tables . 4形容詞的比較級和最高級。（一般加 er / est ，不規(guī)則見表） 1 原級的用法：“和相同” A 肯定句：A 動詞 as 形容詞原級 as B . He is as tall as me . B 否定句：A not as 形容詞原級 as B （即A 不如 B 那么） A not so 形容詞原級 as B = A+ less + 形容詞原級than + B . 2 比較級的用法： A A 動詞 形容詞的比較級 than B . （A 比B 更 ，在這種句型中，比較級

15、前面可用 much, even, still, a little, a bit, a lot, any, far 等修飾，表示“得多”，“甚至”，“更”，“一點兒”。 B “比較級 and 比較級”、 “more and more 部分雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)的原級” 譯為“越來越”。 3 最高級的用法：（個體用of ，范圍用in，最高級前面要用定冠詞the） A 三種最高級表示法。 最高級：Shanghai is the largest city in China . 比較級：Shanghai is larger than any other city

16、 in China . / Shanghai is larger than the other cities in China . 原級： No other city is as large as Shanghai in China . / No other city is larger than Shanghai in China . （四） 副詞 1副詞的種類： 1 時間副詞：often, always, usually, early, ago, already, before, ever, late, now, soon, since, tomor

17、row, just now  2 地點副詞：here, there, above, below, outside, anywhere, back, down, home, out, everywhere  3 方式副詞：hard, well, badly, fast, slowly, angrily, simply, carefully  4 程度副詞：very, quite, much, still, almost, little, too, enough  5 疑問副詞：how, when, where, why  6 關(guān)系副詞：when,

18、 where, why （引導(dǎo)定語從句） 7 連接副詞：how, when, where, why, whether  8 頻率副詞：often, seldom, usually, never, sometimes, every day, always, hardly  9 其他副詞：really, certainly, surely, maybe  2副詞的用法： 1 作狀語 ： He can finish the work easily . 2 作定語（要后置） ： The students here are from Harbi

19、n . 3 作表語 ： I must be off now . 4 作賓補，構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語 ： Show him up . I saw him out with my sister last night . 3副詞的比較級和最高級。（一般加 er / est ,不規(guī)則見表） 1 副詞的原級： A as + 副詞的原級 + as “與一樣” B not as(so) + 副詞的原級 + as “與不一樣” C too + 副詞的原級 + to do sth . “太而不能” D so + 副詞的原級 + that 從句

20、 “如此以致于” E 副詞的原級 + enough to do sth . “足夠能做” 2 副詞的比較級： AA + 動詞 + 副詞比較級 + than + B B副詞比較級前也可以用 much, even, still, far, any, a little, a bit, a lot 等修飾。 C比較級 and + 比較級，表示“越來越”，the more the more 表示“越就越” D副詞的最高級前通常不加定冠詞 the . （五）數(shù)詞1基數(shù)詞： 112 1319 2090 100 1 on

21、e 13 thirteen 20 twenty 100 a hundred 2 two 14 fourteen 21 twenty-one 300 three hundred 3 three 15 fifteen 22 twenty-two 1,000 a thousand 4 four 16 sixteen 30 thirty 5,000 five thousand 5 five 17 seventeen 40 forty 1,000,000 a million 6 six 18 eighteen 50 fifty 1,000,000,000

22、 a billion 7 seven 19 nineteen 60 sixty 8 eight 70 seventy 9 nine 80 eighty 10 ten 90 ninety 11 eleven 12 twelve2序數(shù)詞： 1-10 11-19 20-90 100- 1 first 1st 11 eleventh 11th 20 twentieth 20th 100 one hundredth 100th 2 second 2nd 12 twelfth 12th 21 twenty-first

23、 21st 103 one hundred and third 103rd 3 third 3rd 13 thirteenth 13th 30 thirtieth 30th 134 one hundred and thirty-fourth 134th 4 fourth 4th 14 fourteenth 14th 37 thirty-seventh 37th 200 two hundredth 200th 5 fifth 5th 15 fifteenth 15th 40 fortieth 40th 1000 one thousandth 1,000th 

24、;6 sixth 6th 16 sixteenth 16th 50 fiftieth 50th 1,000,000 one millionth 1,000,000th 7 seventh 7th 17 seventeenth 17th 60 sixtieth 60th 1,000,000,000 one billionth 1,000,000,000th 8 eighth 8th 18 eighteenth 18th 70 seventieth 70th 9 ninth 9th 19 nineteenth 19th 80 eightieth 80th 1

25、0 tenth 10th 90 ninetieth 90th 1作主語：The first is better than the second . 2 作賓語：He was among the first to arrive . 3 作表語：He is the first to come to school . 4 作定語：The ninth letter of the word “restaurant” is “n” ./ There are three thousand workers in the factory . （六）代詞 

26、;類 別 作 用 例 詞 例 句 人稱代詞 代替人或事物，主格作主語，賓客作賓語 數(shù) 格 人稱 單 數(shù) 復(fù) 數(shù) I am a teacher . They are students . We all like him . He gave the book to me . 一 二 三 一 二 三 主 格 I you he She it we you they 賓 格 me you him Her it us you them 物主代詞 形容詞性只作定語，名詞性可以作主、賓、表語等，表示所屬關(guān)系 詞義

27、0;類型 我的 你 的 他的 她 的 它 的 我們的 你們的 他們 的 My book is there. Her father is a worker. This bike is yours, ours is broken . 形容詞性 my your his her its our your their 名詞詞性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代詞 起強調(diào)作用，只作同位語和賓語 數(shù) 人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 We ourselves

28、did the work. He did the work by himself. 單 數(shù) myself yourself himself herself itself 復(fù) 數(shù) ourselves yourselves themselves 相互代詞 表示相互關(guān)系，作賓語 賓 格 所 有 格 We should help each other. Please correct each others mistakes . each other（兩者相互） each others（相互的） one another（三者或三者以上

29、） one anothers（相互的） 指示代詞 起指示作用，作定語、主語、賓語、表語等 This, that, these, those, it, such, same Take this book to his room. My point is this . 不定代詞 代替或修飾任何不定數(shù)量及不定范圍的人或事物 some, any, no, none, many, few, little, all, both, every, one, either, neither, other, a few, a little, another, somebody, no

30、body, nothing, each I have something to tell you. Neither answer is right. 疑問代詞 表示疑問，構(gòu)成特殊問句 who, what, whose, which, whom Whom did you see ? 關(guān)系代詞 引導(dǎo)定語從句 which, that, who, whom, whose The book that I lost was new. 連接代詞 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句） what, who, that I know what you

31、are doing .  ats what I hope .（七）動詞 類 別 意 義 例 子 例 句 行為動詞 含有實在的意義，表示動作或狀態(tài)，在句中能獨立作謂語。 及物動詞 后面一定接賓語 Open, visit, hear He visited Gaozhou yesterday. 不及物動詞 后面可以不接賓語 Laugh, cry, live He lives in Beijing . 連系動詞（link v） 本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨立作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。 Be, become, grow, get, turn

32、, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem The meat smells bad . He is a student . 助動詞（v.aux.） 本身沒有詞義，不能獨立作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞，表示否定、疑問、時態(tài)或其他語法形式 Do, does, did, am, is, are, have, has, had, shall, will, should, would He doesnt speak English . We are playing football . He had gone to B

33、eijing . 情態(tài)動詞（Modal Verbs） 本身有一定的意義，但不能獨立作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 Can, may, must, should, need, dear, shall, will, have to She can speak English . May I speak to Ann, please、 We must go now . 注：動詞（除情態(tài)動詞，只有原形和過去式）有原形、第三人稱單數(shù)、動詞ing、動詞過去式、動詞過去分詞五種形式。（八）介詞 1

34、介詞的種類： 1 簡單介詞：in, at, of, from, since, around, to  2 合成介詞：onto, into, without, upon, within  3 短語介詞：because of, in front of, according to  4 分詞介詞：regarding, following, concerning  2介詞短語在句子中的作用： 1 作定語。I know the answer to the question . 2 作狀語。The children are playin

35、g basketball in the playground . 3 作表語。Mike is in the classroom . 4 作賓語補足語。He found himself in the middle of the river . 5 作主語補足語。Tom was seen inside the cinema . 3常用介詞的基本用法： 1 表示時間的介詞（at, in, on, for, since, after, by, during, before, from, to, until, within ） 2 表示位置，方

36、位的介詞（in, at, on, to ） 3 表示交通方式的常用介詞（by, on, in ） 4 其他一些詞組搭配介詞（be angry with/at/about sb/sth . be strict with/in/ sb/sth ） （九）連詞 1并列連詞： 1 表聯(lián)合關(guān)系連詞。（and, or, but, for, not onlybut also, as well as, bothand, neithernor .） 2 轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。（but, while, yet, however .） 3 選擇連詞。（or,

37、 or else, eitheror, otherwise .） 2從屬連詞： 1 引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句的連用，主要有三個：that, whether, if . I hear that he is a student . 2 引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞： A 連接時間狀語從句：when, before, after, while, as soon as, since, until, as, whenever, ever since  B 連接讓步狀語從句：although, though, even if, however  

38、;C 連接原因狀語從句：as, because, since, now that, for  D 連接目的狀語從句：that, so that, in order that  E 連接條件狀語從句：if, unless, once, in case  F 連接結(jié)果狀語從句：sothat, suchthat  G 連接方式狀語從句：as, as if, as though  H 連接地點狀語從句：where . I 連接比較狀語從句：as, asas, not as/so as, than （十）非謂語動詞 1定義：動詞除在句

39、子中作謂語以外，還具有名詞、形容詞及副詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語等，這就是動詞的非謂語動詞?？煞譃槿N：動詞不定式、分詞和動名詞。 2動詞不定式：to 動詞原形（在某些情況下可以不帶to ）。（沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，可以有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化） 1 一般式：主動語態(tài)：to do , 被動語態(tài)：to be + 動詞過去分詞 (表示動作或狀態(tài)與謂語動詞的動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生或之后發(fā)生) 2 進行式：主動語態(tài)：to be doing , 被動語態(tài)：無 (表示動作或狀態(tài)與謂語動詞的動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生) 3 完成式：主動

40、語態(tài)：to have +動詞過去分詞，被動語態(tài)：to have been +動詞過去分詞 (表示動作或狀態(tài)在謂語動作之前就發(fā)生) 4 用法： A 作主語：To learn a foreign language is not easy . = Its not easy to learn a foreign language . B 作表語：The most important thing is to finish the work on time . C 作賓語： a. 動詞to do . He decided to buy a new watc

41、h . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford ) b. 動詞疑問詞to do I dont know where to put the bike . c. 動詞形式賓語(it)賓補to do I find it important to learn a second foreign language . D 作補語： a. 動詞賓語to do Tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell,

42、wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourage) b. 動詞賓語不帶to的動詞 He often saw Tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let) E 作狀語： a. 表示目的：He went to Guangzhou to see his sons . He got up early in order to catch the first bus . b. 表示結(jié)果：He is too tired t

43、o walk any farther . They arent old enough to go to school . c. 表示原因：He is sorry to hear that . I am glad to see you . F作定語： I have something to tell you . I want to buy something to eat . 5 動詞不定式to 的省略： A 在感官動詞feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役動詞have, let, make等后面要省to，但在變被動語態(tài)時要還

44、原不定式to。 I often saw him go out of the room .- He was often seen to go out of the room by me . B在had better, would rather, do nothing but等后面常省to。 6 動詞不定式的否定形式：not + to do ，有時也可以用never + to do 結(jié)構(gòu)。 3動名詞：動詞原形ing 。具有名詞、動詞一些特征。 1 一般式：主動語態(tài)：doing ，被動語態(tài)：being + 動詞過去分詞（表示動作或狀態(tài)與謂語動詞的動作

45、或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生或之后發(fā)生) 2 完成式：主動語態(tài)：having +動詞過去分詞，被動語態(tài)：having been +動詞過去分詞 （表示動作或狀態(tài)在謂語動詞的動作或狀態(tài)之前就發(fā)生）Children enjoy watching animated cartoon . I dont remember having ever seen the film . 3 動名詞的否定形式：not + 動名詞（v-ing） I regret not being able to help you . 4 用法：A 作主語： a. 動名詞作主語如果太長，可以用形式主語it代替

46、。Learning English is very important .- Its very important to learn English . b. No + 動名詞表示“禁止”。No smoking, No parking . B 作賓語：He finished doing his homework . C 作表語：His favourite sport is playing basketball . D 作定語：shopping basket, finishing line . （表明名詞的用途、功能等） E 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：名

47、詞所有格、形容詞物主代詞動名詞。Do you mind my / Wei Fangs opening the window ? 4分詞：動詞原形ing 。具有形容詞、副詞和動詞一些特征。（可分為現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）現(xiàn)在分詞 1 一般式：主動語態(tài)：doing ，被動語態(tài)：being + 動詞過去分詞（表示動作或狀態(tài)與謂語動詞的動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生) 2 完成式：主動語態(tài)：having +動詞過去分詞，被動語態(tài)：having been +動詞過去分詞 （表示動作或狀態(tài)在謂語動詞的動作或狀 態(tài)之前就發(fā)生） 3 動名詞的否定形式：not + 動名詞（v-

48、ing） No understanding the meaning of the words, he couldnt explain the sentence . 4 用法： A 作表語。The result is surprising . B 作定語。Developing country (主謂關(guān)系) sleeping boy (boy 所做的動作) C 作狀語。Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano . = when he was passing by the house , he

49、saw a girl playing the piano . D 作賓補。I found him lying on the grass. 過去分詞 1 形式：規(guī)則動詞ed，和不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞。 2 過去分詞的否定形式：not + 動詞過去分詞。 3 用法： A 作表語：My bike is broken . He is very worried . B 作定語：developed country, fallen leaves, spoken English . C 作狀語：Asked why he was ab

50、sent, he said he was ill . = When he was asked why he was absent, he said he was ill . D 作賓補：You had better have your shoes mended . I had my hair cut yesterday . （十一）動詞的語態(tài) 1 語態(tài)定義：英語中表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系的動詞形式稱為語態(tài)。英語的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。We teach English in our school

51、.(主動) English is taught in our school .（被動） 2 被動語態(tài)：助動詞Be + 及物動詞的過去分詞（be +p.p.），be有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。見下表： 時 態(tài) 謂語動詞的形式 例 子 一般現(xiàn)在時 Am / is / are + 動詞過去分詞 Colour TVs are made in the factory . 一般過去時 Was / were +動詞過去分詞 My hometown was liberated in 1949 . 一般將來時 Shall / will + be +動詞過去分詞 Th

52、e film will be shown again . 現(xiàn)在進行時 Am / is / are + being +動詞過去分詞 The walls are being painted . 過去進行時 Was / were +being動詞過去分詞 The tickets were being well sold then . 現(xiàn)在完成時 Has / have + been + 動詞過去分詞 A new road has been built here . 時 態(tài) 謂語動詞的形式 例 子 過去完成時 Had + been +動詞過去分詞 Muc

53、h had been done before mother came back . 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 情態(tài)動詞be動詞過去分詞 The composition must be handed in today . 3 被動語態(tài)中值得注意的問題： 1 帶有雙賓語的動詞，可以把任何一個賓語變被動，一般在間接賓語前加適當?shù)慕樵~。My father gave me a book ./ I was given a book by my father ./ A book was given to me by my father . 2 英語中有些動詞用主動語態(tài)表

54、示被動語態(tài)。The cloth washes well ./ This kind of bags sells well. / The shoes wear long. / The knife cuts well . / The pen writes smoothly . / This coat lasts long . 3 在英語中有時“be + V-ed”結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動語態(tài)，而是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The mountains were covered with snow . 4 在“主語謂語賓語賓語補足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，要補留賓語補足語。We found the door broken

55、. / The door was found broken. 5 賓語補足語為省to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，要還原to。He made me laugh. / I was made to laugh . 6 如果短語動詞是及物動詞時，可以用被動語態(tài)，但不能遺漏所含的介詞或副詞。The nurse looked after the baby ./ The baby was looked after by the nurse . / We must make up for the lessons we missed. / The lessons we missed must

56、be made up for . 7 下列情況不能用被動語態(tài)： A 不及物動詞： The accident happened on a busy road yesterday . B 連系動詞： The girl looks like her sister . C 賓語為反身代詞：He always dresses himself neatly . D 賓語為相互代詞：The students often help each other . E 同源賓語：At that time, they lived a happy life .&

57、#160;F 表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞：I have a new car. / The book cost me 30 yuan .（十二）動詞的時態(tài)： 時態(tài) 表示內(nèi)容 謂語動詞的構(gòu)成 常用的時間狀語 例句 一般現(xiàn)在時 現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) 動詞原形（包括第三人稱單數(shù)形式s / es） often、usually、always、sometimes、every day、in the morning (afternoon )等 He is often late for school. She usually goes to work on foot. 

58、一般將來時 將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) shall / will + 動詞原形 am / is / are going to + 動詞原形 am / is / are to + 動詞原形 am / is / are about to + 動詞原形 am / is / are + 動詞ing tomorrow、next week、this month、in an hour、the day after tomorrow 等 He will go to Shanghai next week. I am going to buy a book tomo

59、rrow. They are to see a film in a hour. She is about to mend the bike later. I am flying to Guangzhou next week. 一般過去時 過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) 動詞過去式 （一般ed , 特殊見課本不規(guī)則表） yesterday、last week、three days ago、before、 the day before yesterday 等 I finished my homework yesterday. He went to Ga

60、ozhou three days ago. 現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作 am / is / are + 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞 now、Its six oclock.也可用look、listen 等詞提示 They are doing their homework now. Look! The boy is playing basketball. 過去進行時 過去某個時刻正在進行的動作 was / were + 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞 at six yesterday morning、this time yesterday、也可用when等引導(dǎo)的從句 I was sleeping

61、 at 11 last night . They were cooking when the bell rang . 現(xiàn)在完成時 動作發(fā)生在過去，已結(jié)束，對現(xiàn)在有影響；或者開始在過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。 have / has + 動詞過去分詞 （一般ed , 特殊見課本不規(guī)則表） already、ever、never、just for three days、since 1998 、by the end of this term、yet 等 I have already finished my work . He hasnt found out who broke the door . 過去完成時 過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作 had + 動詞過去分詞 By the end of last month、when、before等引導(dǎo)的從句 I had seen the film when I was in college. The meeting had begun before we arrived . 過去將來時 從過去某個時間看將來發(fā)生的動作 should / would + 動詞原形 was / were going to 動