高考英語虛擬語氣 最新講義及教案

1、教 案題目（教學章節(jié)或主題）：虛擬語氣精講授課日期：授課時間：教學重點、難點：重要性：典型例題： 1. The patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital. A. wasn't, wasn't sent B. wasn't, shouldn't be sent C. shouldn't be, wasn't sent D. shouldn't be, shouldn't be sent2. The man in prison insisted that he _ not

2、hing wrong and _ set free. A. should do, should be B. had done, should be C. had done, had been D. should do, had been3. I advised that he _ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _ quite well then. A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feeling C. he sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel4.

3、 . _ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give D. If he gave up【分析】由于主句謂語是would not have got，這表明是對過去事實作出的假設，所以從句謂語應該是 had given up，而不是像D項那樣用一般過去時。另外，當虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 等詞時，通?？梢允÷?if，并將 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：Were they to cease

4、 advertising, prices would come down. = If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他們停止做廣告，價錢會降下來。Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion. = If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我會把那場面拍攝下來了。總結(jié)：本次教學評價：非常滿意 較滿意 一般 家長或?qū)W生簽字 共 小時本節(jié)課回訪記錄：任課老師簽字： 主任簽字：

5、日期：講 義學生： 任課教師：教學內(nèi)容：二、虛擬語氣1虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的區(qū)別：(1)意義不同。陳述語氣表示動詞或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實的，確實的或符合事實的，而虛擬語氣表示動作狀態(tài)不是事實，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設、建議或推測等。(2)形式不同。虛擬語氣的謂語動詞形式和陳述語氣的謂語動詞形式不同，如虛擬條件句的謂語和真實條件句的謂語就截然不同。如：If it rains tomorrow，our picnic will be put off.如果明天下雨，我們的郊游就推遲。(陳述語氣，說話人認為下雨的可能性很大。)If it rained tomorrow，our picnic would be pu

6、t off.萬一明天下雨，我們的郊游就推遲。(虛擬語氣，說話人認為下雨的可能性較小。)2虛擬語氣在句子中的應用。(1)虛擬語氣在非真實性條件句中的應用。情況主句虛擬條件句例句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設If主語動詞的過去式(be動詞用were)主語should(would, could，might)動詞原形If I had time，I would attend the meeting.如果我有時間我就去參加會議。If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad.如果我是你，我就會抓住這次出國的機會。與過去事實相反的假設If主語had過去分詞主語

7、should(would, could, might)have過去分詞If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.如果你聽了我的話，你就不會考試及不了格。與將來事實相反的假設If主語動詞的過去式If主語were to動詞原形If主語should動詞原形主語should, would，could，might動詞原形If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.如果你明天來，我們就開會。If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports

8、meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨，運動會就推遲。If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.如果明天他不來，我們就把會議推遲到下周一。注意：(1)如果條件從句中包含有were，had，should，有時可把if省略掉，把were，had，should放在主語前，構(gòu)成倒裝，意思不變。如：Were I twenty now，I would join the army.If I were twenty now，I would join the army.如果我

9、今年二十歲，我就參軍。Had we made a great effort，we might have succeeded.If we had made a great effort. we might have succeeded.如果我們做了很大的努力的話，我們可能就獲得成功了。Should Mr. White call，what would you say?If Mr. White should call，what would you say?如果懷特先生來電話你怎么說？(2)有時候，條件從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作發(fā)生的時間是不一致的，我們稱之為“錯綜時間條件句”。這時，動詞的形式要

10、根據(jù)其所表示的時間做出相應的調(diào)整。如：If the doctor hadn't tried their best to save you, you wouldn't be standing here now.如果不是醫(yī)生全力以赴把你救活的話，你現(xiàn)在就不會站到這里。(3)有時假設的情況并不以條件從句表示而是通過一個介詞短語來表示，或是通過上下文等其他手段來表現(xiàn)出來。We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(if we hadn't got your help)沒有你們的幫

11、助，我們不可能提前完成任務。What would you do with a million dollars？(if you had a million dollars)如果你有一百萬美元，你打算怎么花？But for the rain(If it hadn't been for the rain), we would have finished the work.要不是下雨，我們就把工作干完了。I thought you would remain there for a while after the conference. Otherwise I wouldn't have

12、 bought you a single ticket. 我原以為會后你會在那呆一段時間，否則我就不會只給你買單程票了。He would have given you more help，but he was so busy at that time.他要不是太忙就會給你更多幫助。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.他打來電話通知我你的生日，否則我對此一無所知。Everything taken into consideration, they would have

13、 raised their output quickly.如果當初考慮全面，產(chǎn)量會迅速上升。3虛擬語氣在其他從句中及一些固定句式中的用法。(1)在動詞wish后的賓語從句中，動詞用過去時態(tài)(與現(xiàn)在事實相反)、過去完成時態(tài)(與過去事實相反)、過去將來時態(tài)，用would動詞原形(與將來事實相反)。如：I wish we could go to the seaside today. 我們今天能去海濱就好了。I wish he would try again. 我希望他還能再試一次。We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation. 我們對

14、發(fā)音注意得更多一些就好了。注意：would(should)like(love)后接不定式的完成式所表達的意思與wish后賓語從句用過去完成時態(tài)這種形式相同，意思是“希望過去做了某事”。如：I'd like to have seen his face when he opened the letter.(I wish I had seen his face.)我真希望能看一看他打開信時的表情。這種結(jié)構(gòu)還用would have liked后接不定式的一般式來表示。如：I'd have liked to see his face when he opened the letter.I

15、'd liked to have seen his face when he opened the letter.我真想看一眼他打開信時的表情。(2)在if only(如果就好了；但愿)引起的驚嘆句中，謂語動詞的形式與wish后賓語從句的動詞形式一樣。如：If only I could see him once again! 我要能再見到他就好了！If only I had listened to your advice! 我要是聽了你的勸告就好了！(3)在suggest(建議)，propose(提議)，demand(要求)，request(請求)，desire(要求)，require

16、(請求)，order(命令)，command(命令)，insist(堅持)等動詞后的賓語從句中的謂語動詞用should動詞原形(should可以省略)。如：The officer ordered that army(should)advance 100 miles. 軍官命令部隊前進100英里。The chief commanded that the prisoners (should)not be shot. 首領(lǐng)下令不準槍殺俘虜。注意：當suggest意思為“暗示、表明”，insist意思為“堅持認為、說”，且后面的從句中的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生時，他們后面的從句都不用虛擬語氣。如：Her expr

17、ession suggested that she was angry. 她的表情表明她生氣了。The girl insisted that she gave me the money the other day.那女孩堅持說她幾天前把錢給我了。(4)在It is suggested；It is requested；It is ordered；It is necessary/natural/important；It has been decided；It is desired等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句中，用should動詞原形(should可以省略)。It is requested that Miss

18、Cai(should)give a performance at the party.有人請蔡小姐在會上表演個節(jié)目。It is necessary that he be sent there at once. 有必要馬上派他到那里去。It has been decided that the meeting be put off till next Saturday. 已經(jīng)決定會議延期到下星期六開。(5)在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea等詞后的表語從句后同位語從句中，用should動詞原形(should可以省略)。如：My suggestion is th

19、at we(should)send a few people to help the other groups.我建議派幾個人去幫助其他的組。What do you think of the idea that we put on a play at the English evening?你認為我們在英語晚會上演話劇如何？(6)在as if(though)引起的從句中，用過去時態(tài)，be用were(口語中有時也用was)，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反；用過去完成時態(tài)，表示與過去事實相反。I've loved you as if you were my son. 我一直愛你就仿佛你是我的兒子。Th

20、e two newcomers talked as if they had known each other for ages.那兩個新來的人聊天的樣子仿佛他們已經(jīng)相識多年了。注意：as if(though)從句如果是客觀事實，則不用虛擬語氣，可用正常時態(tài)。如：It looks as if it isn't clean enough to swim here. 看起來這兒的水好像不夠干凈，不宜游泳。Look at the clouds！It looks as if it is going to rain. 看那些云呀！好像要下雨了。(7)在It is time(that)后的定語從句中

21、，用過去時態(tài)(間或可用should動詞原形)構(gòu)成虛擬語氣，表示“到時間了”，time前可用high，about，以示強調(diào)。如：It's time that we stopped(should stop)this practice. 現(xiàn)在是結(jié)束這種做法的時候了。It's high time you took action. 你該采取行動了。注意：不能用were代替was.如： It's time that I/he/she was going.(8)在would(had)rather(寧愿)后的從句中用過去時態(tài)指現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r間，用過去完成時態(tài)表示過去時間。如：I'

22、d rather you went home now. 我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就回家。I'd rather you hadn't done that. 我寧愿你沒做那件事。注意：would rather(not)have done sth.也表示“寧愿某人過去做了或沒做某事”。如：Did you quarrel with your boss? 你和老板吵架了嗎？Yes，but I would rather not have done that. 是的，但我寧愿自己沒和他吵過。(9)在would you mindif從句中用過去時態(tài)。如：Would you mind if I opened

23、 the window? 如果我打開窗戶，你不反對嗎？比較：Do you mind if I smoke? 我抽煙你不介意吧？(10)在expect，believe，think，suspect等動詞的否定或疑問形式后的賓語從句中，在It is a pity.，It is a shame.，It is incredible.，It is strange.，It is no wonder.等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中，在I am sorry，We were surprised，They were disappointed等結(jié)構(gòu)后的狀語從句中用should動詞原形(或完成形式)，表示驚奇、惶惑、懷疑、不滿等

24、作用，意思為“竟然”，一般不可省略should。I never expected that the problem should be so complicated.我從來沒想到問題竟然會這樣復雜。They just couldn't believe that the new stadium should be so big.他們簡直不相信新體育場竟會這樣大。It is a great pity that he should be so conceited. 真遺憾他竟會這樣自高自大。(11)表示事與愿違的虛擬語氣的用法。should have doneought to have do

25、ne本應該You should have worn more clothes that day. 你本該多穿些衣服。should not have doneought not to have done本不應該We shouldn't have left him home alone. 我們本不該把他一個人留在家里。be supposed to do本應該You are supposed to die like that. 像這樣死去的本該是你。be supposed to have done本應該You are supposed to have received the letter.

26、 你本該早就收到那封信了。might(not)have done可能(不可能)做過He may have finished his work already. 他可能已經(jīng)完成他的工作了。needn't have done本沒有必要You needn't have typed the letter yourself. 你本不必自己把信打出來。could have done本能夠I could have arrived there on time. 我本來能夠按時到達。would like to have donewould have liked to do本打算做I would

27、like to have seen the film but an unexpected friend came last night.昨天晚上我本打算去看電影，但是一個朋友來了。meant /planned /hoped/ wanted/ thought /intended/ supposed/ expected.to have donehad meant /had planned/ had hoped/ had wanted/ had thought/ had intended/ had supposed/ had expected.to do本打算，本以為I hoped to have

28、passed the exam, but I failed. I had hoped to pass the exam, but I failed.我本以為能通過考試，但失敗了。高考英語考點典型陷阱題分析-虛擬語氣與情態(tài)動詞來源：網(wǎng)絡 2009-09-07 11:32:01典型高考英語陷阱題詳解-虛擬語氣1. I forget where I read the article, or I _ it to you now.A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥空_答

29、案選B。根據(jù)上文的語境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didnt forget where I read the article（要是我沒忘記我在哪兒讀過這篇文章的話但事實上忘了）。2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _.”A. Hed better give up drinking                   

30、     B. He shouldnt have drunk so muchC. Health is more important than drink              D. I wonder why he is always doing so【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選，主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢笧镈。關(guān)鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語氣，句

31、子既然用了虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了”不是事實，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _ you if you had so high a fever.”A. do B. are C. will D. would【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。選A者，認為前后兩句的動詞性質(zhì)應一致；選C者，認為其后帶有if 條件狀語從句，從語氣上看，主句應用將來時態(tài)。【分析】此題最佳答案為D。分析如下：(1) “so + 助動詞 + 主語”是一個很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，它表示“也一樣”時。如：He likes to watch TV, and so d

32、o I. 他喜歡看電視，我也一樣。When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 當動植物消失的時候，人類也會隨之消失。(2) 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語從句的謂語用的是虛擬語氣（這是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應選D。4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But Id rather he _ the day after tomorrow.”A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come【陷阱】容易誤選A或B。根據(jù)上文的 He will com

33、e tomorrow 以及下文的時間狀語 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白處應填一個一般將來時態(tài)?！痉治觥康祟}的最佳答案是 C。按照英語習慣，would rather 后接that 從句時，從句謂語通常要用虛擬語氣，即用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，用過去完成時表示過去。又如：Id rather you left right now. 我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就離開。I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿這事被遺忘掉。Id rather he hadnt told me about it. 我寧愿他沒告訴我這事。請再做以下試題(答案均為B)

34、：(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “Id rather you _.”A. wont B. didnt C. dont D. wouldnt(2) “Ive told him about it.” “But Id rather you _.”A. didnt B. hadnt C. dont D. wouldnt(3) “He will take you as well.” “But Id rather he _.”A. wont B. didnt C. doesnt D. wouldnt5. All the doctors in the hospital insi

35、sted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ at once.A. should be; be operated on                                B. were; must be operated onC. was

36、; should be operated D. was; be operated on【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢高x D。insist后的從句謂語有時用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，有時不用，具體要看該謂語動詞所表示的含義。一般說來，若該謂語動詞所表示的動作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣；若該謂語動詞所表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實，則要用陳述語氣。分析上題的句意，可知只有選D最合適。請做以下類似試題（答案選B）：(1) The patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital.A. wasnt

37、, wasnt sent   B. wasnt, shouldnt be sentC. shouldnt be, wasnt sent  D. shouldnt be, shouldnt be sent(2) The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free.A. should do, should be  B. had done, should beC. had done, had been  D. should do, had been(3) I advise

38、d that he _ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _ quite well then.A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feelingC. he sent; feel  D. should be sent; should feel6. _ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A. Was he given up B. Had he given upC. Did he give   D. If he

39、 gave up【陷阱】容易誤選 D?！痉治觥空_答案應選B。之所以不能選D，是因為時態(tài)前后有矛盾。由于主句謂語是would not have got，這表明是對過去事實作出的假設，所以從句謂語應該是 had given up，而不是像D項那樣用一般過去時。另外，當虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 等詞時，通?？梢允÷?if，并將 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, pric

40、es would come down. 如果他們停止做廣告，價錢會降下來。Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我會把那場面拍攝下來了。典型高考英語陷阱題詳解-情態(tài)動詞1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”A. shall B. will C.

41、 would D. can【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢高xA。shall 用作情態(tài)動詞主要有以下兩個用法：(1) 用于疑問句中征求意見。如：Shall I help you? 要不要我?guī)蛶湍?Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子打開嗎？(2) 用于陳述句中表示允諾、告誡、警告、威脅、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等(可用于各類人稱)。如：You shall suffer for this. 你會為此事吃苦頭的。(表威脅)Each competitor shall wear a number. 每個參賽者要戴一個號碼。(表規(guī)定)You shall hear ever

42、ything as soon as you come. 你一來就可聽到所有情況了。(表允諾)請做以下試題(答案均選 shall)：(1) “I promise that she _ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her?”A. should B. must C. would D. shall2. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. cannot B. shouldnt C

43、. mustnt D. neednt【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢高xA。cannottoo是英語中一個十分有用的表達，意為“不可能太，無論怎樣也不算過分，越越”。如：You cant be too careful. 你越仔細越好。You cant praise the too much. 這本書值得大加贊揚。We cannot work too much for the people. 我們?yōu)槿嗣褡龉ぷ魇遣豢赡茏鲞^頭的。A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人買的衣服再多也不算多。注：有時也可用 can never, impossible 等與too連用來表示類似意思。如：It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那兒越早越好。3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.”A. must B. can C. need D. may【陷阱】可能誤選B或C?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢笧镈。may 表推測，may not 意為“可能不(