初高銜接專(zhuān)題一名詞

1、4專(zhuān)題一：名詞考點(diǎn)集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練一、名詞的數(shù) 1單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾“-s”構(gòu)成，其主要變法如下：（1）一般情況在詞尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。（2）以s，x，ch，sh，結(jié)尾的詞加-es，例如：busbuses，classclassesboxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。 （3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s，例如：orangeoranges。（4）以輔音母加y結(jié)尾的詞變“y”為“

2、i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。（5）以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但詞末為兩個(gè)元音字母的詞只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，還有某些外來(lái)詞也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。（6） 以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f為v再加-es，例如：knifeknive

3、s，leafleaves, halfhalves。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法如下表所示。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法情況 讀法 例詞 在ptkf等清輔音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在sztd3f等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在bdgv等濁輔音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives （7）少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice?！咀⒁狻颗cman和woman構(gòu)成的

4、合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。例如：an englishman，two englishmen。但german不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為 germans；man, woman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，如：menworkers， women teachers。有個(gè)別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣，例如：chinese，japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但當(dāng)fish表示不同種類(lèi)的魚(yú)時(shí)，可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。（8）單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有：people, police等。（9）數(shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式，中間加連字符。例如 an 8-year-

5、old girl, a ten-mile walk。（10）還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有： 科學(xué)名詞：physics, mathematics/maths 游戲名稱(chēng)：bowls 專(zhuān)有名詞：the united states, niagara falls 其他名詞：news, falls2不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表示方法在英語(yǔ)中，不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示“量的概念”，可以用以下兩種方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot

6、of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：the rich man has a lot of moneythere is some milk in the bottleis there any water in the glass？i don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice（2）用a piece of 這類(lèi)定語(yǔ)，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（m

7、ilk） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類(lèi)概念時(shí)，在容器后加復(fù)數(shù)，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可數(shù)名詞也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等來(lái)修飾。二、名詞的所有格 名詞所有格，用來(lái)表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。1. 表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加 's,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s'，例如：a student's room,

8、 students' rooms, father's shoes。2. 如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加 's，如：children's day。3. 在表示時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度、重量、價(jià)格、世界、國(guó)家等名詞的所有格要用 's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。4. 無(wú)生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：a map of china，the end of

9、this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 雙重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。【注意】如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有 's，則表示“分別有”，例如：john's and mary's rooms（約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間）；tom's and mary's bikes（兩人各自的自行車(chē)）。兩個(gè)名詞并列，只有一個(gè)'s，則表示“共有”，例如：john and mary's room（約翰和瑪麗共有一間）；tom an

10、d mary's mother（即tom與mary是兄妹）?！狙菥殹?- where have you been, tim? - ive been to _.a. the henry house      b. the henry family c. the henrys home    d. henrys2in england, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.a. food   b

11、. lunch   c. breakfast   d. dinner3you looked for it twice, but you havent found it. why not try _ .a. three times   b. a third time   c. the third time   d. once4- they are thirsty. will you please give them _ ? - certainly.a. some bottles of waters

12、   b. some bottles of waterc. some bottle of water     d. some bottle of waters5mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.a. tooth   b. feet   c. hand   d. ear6there is some _ on the plate.a. cakes   b. meat   c.

13、potato   d. pears7in england, the last name is the  _ .a. family name   b. middle   c. given name   d. full name8they are going to fly _ to beijing.a. germen   b. germany   c. germanys   d. germans9the_ has two _ .a. boys; wa

14、tches   b. boy; watch   c. boy; watches   d. boys; watch10the little baby has two _ already.a. tooth   b. tooths   c. teeth   d. teeths11whats your _ for being late again?a. idea   b. key   c. excuse   d. news1

15、2- its dangerous here. wed better go out quickly.- but i think we should let _ go out first.a. woman and children   b. women and childc. woman and child      d. women and children13- you can see mr. smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- thanks.a.entrance       b.business hours c.this side up   d.no smoking14are they going to have a picnic on _ ?a. childrens day    b. childrenss day c. childrens day   &