高一英語(yǔ)必修2Unit1語(yǔ)法課件

1、1. the man lives next door is a writer.2.the woman i visited last week is a famous writer.3. beijing is the city has got the chance to host the 2008 olympic games.4. a dictionary is a book you can use to learn more words.5. the little boy eyes are blue is holding a dog.6. the house roof was blown aw

2、ay by the storm will be rebuilt soon. who / thatwho / whom / that/-which / that which / that/-whosewhosewhen7. i began to work in beijing in the year _new china was founded.8. do you know the reason _ he didnt come? why9. i cant remember the place _i put my book.where一、定語(yǔ)從句的定義：一、定語(yǔ)從句的定義： 用來(lái)修飾用來(lái)修飾名詞名

3、詞或或代詞代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫句。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行先行詞詞（antecedent）。）。定語(yǔ)從句一般是由定語(yǔ)從句一般是由關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞或或關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)的。相當(dāng)于名詞和形來(lái)引導(dǎo)的。相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞的作用。容詞的作用。eg: 1. do you know the man who came to see xiao yang this morning? 2.the day is not far off when we will make a trip to britain.定語(yǔ)從句歸納總結(jié)定語(yǔ)從句歸納總結(jié)二、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副

4、詞的作用：二、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用：1、引導(dǎo)作用、引導(dǎo)作用2、替代作用、替代作用3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某個(gè)成分的作用、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某個(gè)成分的作用eg: 1.those who want to go please sign your names here. 2.this is the house where he was born. 3. bill, who was here yesterday, asked me a lot of questions.關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：指人指人指物指物subject (主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ))object (賓語(yǔ)賓

5、語(yǔ))attribute（定語(yǔ)）（定語(yǔ)）whomwhowhichthatwhose何時(shí)可以省略？何時(shí)可以省略？做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略whentimeadverbial（狀語(yǔ)）狀語(yǔ)）nowhereplaceadverbialnowhyreasonadverbialno關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 that和和which在指物的情況下在指物的情況下一般都可以一般都可以互換互換, 但在下列情況下但在下列情況下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。i am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.ive

6、 read all the books that are not mine. this is the first book (that) he has read.this is the very book that belongs to him.1) 當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代詞或被等不定代詞或被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few, only等修飾時(shí)等修飾時(shí).2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞

7、最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。3)先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí) (5) 先行詞是先行詞是who或或who引導(dǎo)的主句。引導(dǎo)的主句。 who is the girl that drove the car? who that broke the window will be punished. (6) 主句以主句以there be 引導(dǎo)時(shí)引導(dǎo)時(shí) there are 200 people that didnt know the thing. (7) 當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作be表語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系表語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用代詞用that.

8、 she isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago. (8)當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是which時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that. which is the book that you bought last week?(4)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí), 用關(guān)系代詞用關(guān)系代詞thatwe were deeply impressed by the teachersand the schools that we had visited there.關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只用關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只用whichwhich不用不用thatthat的情況的情況（1）

9、在介詞之后this is the question about which weve had so much discussion.（2）當(dāng)主句中的主語(yǔ)被that修飾時(shí)。eg. that dog which i found in the street belongs to mary.(3) 在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中必須用which不能用that。they have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them. that和和who在指在指 人的情況下人的情況下一般都可以互一般都可以互換換, 但在下列情況下但在下列情況下,

10、 一般用一般用who而不用而不用that。1.先行詞為先行詞為those, one, ones, peoples時(shí)時(shí) those who are from qingdao come this way.2.當(dāng)先行詞是用當(dāng)先行詞是用-body或或-one構(gòu)成的不定代構(gòu)成的不定代詞時(shí)詞時(shí)is there anybody else who should be invited 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的用法的用法 關(guān)系副詞都等于一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~關(guān)系副詞都等于一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~which，在從句中作在從句中作狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)when=in/at/on/during+which;where=in/

11、at/on/+which;why=for +which 1.do you still remember the day when(on which) we went to visit the museum together? 2.this is the factory where(in which)my father once worked. 3.this is the reason why(for which) he was late.a. i know a place where we can have a picnic.i know a place which / that is fam

12、ous for its beautiful natural scenery. compare :關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的不同成分（中的不同成分（注意事項(xiàng)注意事項(xiàng)）b. i will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. i will never forget the days that / which we spenttogether. c. this is the reason why he was dismissed.this is the reason that / whi

13、ch he explained to me forhis not attending the meeting.注意注意:關(guān)系代詞放在介詞后面，只能用關(guān)系代詞放在介詞后面，只能用which或或whoma.this is the boy with whom he worked.b.this is the boy whomhe worked with.c. this is the boy who he worked with.d. this is the boy he worked with.e. the house where we live is not large.f. the house i

14、n which we live is not large.g. the house which we live in is not large.h. the house we live in is not large. as 從句的先行詞是從句的先行詞是the same, such, 或被他或被他們所修飾；在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；多用于表們所修飾；在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；多用于表示肯定意義的從句中，不用于表否定意義的從示肯定意義的從句中，不用于表否定意義的從句中。句中。e.g. many of the sports are the same as they were when they start

15、ed.the result was not such as he expected.it was raining hard, which / as was unexpected.常用于常用于as is known to all, as you know, as is expected，the sameas, suchas, asas, soas 句型中，句型中，as不可省略不可省略 1.such people as you describe are rare nowadays. 2.lets discuss only such questions as concern every one of

16、 us. 3.would you please buy me the same novel as you bought for brother yesterday, mum? 4. as we all know, john is an honest man.比較：比較： she wore the same dress that she wore at marrys wedding. which 和和as 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以指代一件事，句時(shí)可以指代一件事， 如：如： the gentleman admired mrs. brown, which surprised

17、me. as we had expected, his performance was excellent. 在這時(shí)在這時(shí)as可以在句首，可以在句首， which 不可以；不可以； as 有正如的意思，有正如的意思， 而而which 沒(méi)有。沒(méi)有。 八、八、限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 1限制性定語(yǔ)從句是限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。開(kāi)。限制性定

18、語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞?？墒÷?。限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞?？墒÷?。如：如：a) what is the name of the tall woman who is standing there? 站在那邊的那個(gè)女人叫什么名字站在那邊的那個(gè)女人叫什么名字?b) toronto is a city (that) i ve always wanted to visit.多倫多是我常想去參觀的一個(gè)城市。多倫多是我常想去參觀的一個(gè)城市。2非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句關(guān)系不十分密切，只非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句關(guān)系不十分密切，只是是對(duì)先行詞作些附加的說(shuō)明對(duì)先行詞作些附加的說(shuō)明, 如果去掉如果去掉, 主句的

19、意主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分思仍然清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，一般開(kāi)，一般不用不用that引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)關(guān)系詞不可省略系詞不可省略。如：。如：a) rome, which is the capital of italy, has a very long history. 意大利的首都羅馬歷史非常悠久。意大利的首都羅馬歷史非常悠久。b) yesterday i met professor king, who came from the university of london. 昨天我遇見(jiàn)金教授，他從倫敦大學(xué)來(lái)的。昨天我

20、遇見(jiàn)金教授，他從倫敦大學(xué)來(lái)的。c) he lent me a dictionary, which was just what i needed.他借給我一本詞典，這正是我所需要的。他借給我一本詞典，這正是我所需要的。3.3.大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往為某一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，為某一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，而特殊場(chǎng)合非限制性定語(yǔ)從句而特殊場(chǎng)合非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞也可為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞也可為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常由常由whichwhich引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。egeg. a middle-aged woman killed her h

21、usband, . a middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.which frightened me very much.一個(gè)中年女子殺害了其丈夫，這事令我十分恐懼。一個(gè)中年女子殺害了其丈夫，這事令我十分恐懼。析：從語(yǔ)境可知，令我恐懼的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為中年女析：從語(yǔ)境可知，令我恐懼的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為中年女子殺害了其丈夫這整個(gè)一件事，因此先行詞為整個(gè)子殺害了其丈夫這整個(gè)一件事，因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)應(yīng)由主句，此時(shí)應(yīng)由whichwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。egeg. a five-year-old bo

22、y can speak two . a five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, foreign languages, which surprises all which surprises all the people present.the people present.一個(gè)五歲的男孩會(huì)講兩門外語(yǔ)，令所有在場(chǎng)的一個(gè)五歲的男孩會(huì)講兩門外語(yǔ)，令所有在場(chǎng)的人感到非常驚訝。人感到非常驚訝。析：從語(yǔ)境可知，令所有在場(chǎng)的人感到驚析：從語(yǔ)境可知，令所有在場(chǎng)的人感到驚訝的內(nèi)容是一個(gè)五歲男孩會(huì)講兩門外語(yǔ)這整個(gè)訝的內(nèi)容是一個(gè)五歲男孩會(huì)講兩門外語(yǔ)這整個(gè)

23、一件事，因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)應(yīng)由一件事，因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)應(yīng)由whichwhich引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。1. some of the roads were flooded, made our journey more difficult.2. he has smoothly entered a key middle school, makes his parents very happy. 3. mr king, legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.5. we shall make a de

24、cision about ms king, story i have just told you. 6. he made the same mistakes again, _ made his parents very angry.7. yesterday i bought a dictionary, _ cost me more than 100 yuan .8. mr smith, _ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.9. my uncle has come back from abroad, _ i havent met fo

25、r along time.whichwhichwhosewhosewhichwhichwhowhom1. her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué).（意含：她還有其他哥哥。）her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages herto go to college.她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。（意含： 她只有一個(gè)哥哥。）2. all the books that have pictures in th

26、em are well written.所有里面帶插圖的書(shū)都寫得很好。（意含： 不帶插圖的書(shū)則不一定寫得好。）all the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.所有的書(shū)都帶插圖，這些書(shū)都寫得很好。（意含： 沒(méi)有不帶插圖的書(shū)。）比較：比較：a) she has two brothers who are working in the city. she has more than two brothers.她有兩個(gè)弟弟在這個(gè)城市工作。她有兩個(gè)弟弟在這個(gè)城市工作。b) she has two brothers, who are

27、working in the city. she has only two brothers.她有兩個(gè)弟弟，他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市工作。她有兩個(gè)弟弟，他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市工作。下面兩個(gè)句子只有一個(gè)逗號(hào)之差，意義大相徑下面兩個(gè)句子只有一個(gè)逗號(hào)之差，意義大相徑庭。庭。a) he will wear no clothes which will make him different from others. 他不會(huì)穿一些使他顯得與眾不同的衣服。他不會(huì)穿一些使他顯得與眾不同的衣服。 b) he will wear no clothes, which will make him different from other

28、s. 他不穿衣服，這會(huì)使他顯得與眾不同。他不穿衣服，這會(huì)使他顯得與眾不同。1. she was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course, _ made the others unhappy.a. which b. who c. thisd. what2. after living in paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.a. which b. when c. that d. where3. the ge

29、ntleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.a. who b. about whom c. whom d. with whom4. please take any seat _ is free.a. which b. where c. in which d. that5. the old man has two sons, _ is a soldier.a. one of whom b. both of them c. all of whom d. none of them6. new york is famous for its

30、sky-scrapers(摩天大樓摩天大樓)_ has more than 100 storeys.a. the higher of them b. the highest of whichc. the highest of them d. some of which7. my home village is no longer the same _ it used to be.a. which b. as c. where d. when8. in the office i never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _ many peopl

31、e have gone home.a. whose time b. that c. at which d. by which time9. the boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.a. who b. whose c. thatd. which10. the weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.a. what b. which c. that d. it11. mr. wang is a boss

32、, _ factory li ping worked.a. in whose b. whose c. in whom d. of which12. i dont like the way_ you speak to her.a. / b. that c. in which d. all a, b, and c13. i shall never forget the years _ i lived in the country with the farmers, has a good effect on my life.a. that, which b. when, which c. which, that d. when, who14. _ is known to all, china will be a