藥學(xué)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)

1、P 15例子P50例子Alg 疼痛 Analgia痛覺(jué)缺乏Bacill 桿菌Bacillus桿菌屬，芽孢Crin 分泌Endocrine內(nèi)分泌Coccus 球菌Coccobacillus球桿菌Edem 水腫Edema浮腫，水腫Fung 真菌Fungus真菌，霉菌Emia 血癥Anoxemia缺氧血癥Germ 病菌Germicide殺菌劑Gen 原Antigen抗原Parasit 寄生蟲(chóng)Parasite寄生蟲(chóng)，寄生物 Strept 鏈Streptobacillus鏈球桿菌屬P16Hormone 激素Parahormone 副激素P62Lymph 淋巴Lymphadenitis淋巴結(jié)炎Anti 抗

2、Antianemic drugs 抗貧血藥Meno 月經(jīng)Menopause絕經(jīng)Contra 對(duì)抗Contraceptives 避孕藥Menstru 月經(jīng)Menstruation月經(jīng)，行經(jīng)Immuno 免疫 Immunopharmacology免疫藥理學(xué)Muc 粘液Mucoid黏液樣的Pyr/o 熱，發(fā)熱Pyrogenic致熱的 Somn 睡眠Insomnia失眠P17-therapy 治療Thermotherapy 溫?zé)岑煼≒ept, peps 消化Dyspepsia消化不良Phag 吞噬 Phagosome吞噬體P89Pyo 膿P(yáng)yemia膿血癥Allo 異Allosome 異染色體Sali

3、v 唾液Salivation流涎，多涎-arctia 狹窄Bronchiarctia支氣管狹窄Secret 分泌Secretory分泌的De 去，脫Deoxidation脫氧Somn 睡眠Somnambulism夢(mèng)游癥Emia 血的情況Leukemia 白血癥Hemi 半Hemiparalysis偏癱P18Hyper 超過(guò)，過(guò)多Hyperglycemia高血糖Steril 不育Sterilization絕育，滅菌Hypo 低，少于正常Hypoglycemia低血糖Tum 腫，瘤Tumefaction 腫脹，腫大Itis 炎癥Hepatitis 肝炎Urin 尿Urination排尿-lysis

4、 溶解Hemolysis 溶血-oma 腫脹，腫瘤Sarcoma 肉瘤P36Para 旁，附著Paranephric腎旁的，腎上腺的Clon 克隆Monoclonal單克隆的Peri 周圍Perihepatitis 肝周炎Cyt 細(xì)胞Cytochromes細(xì)胞色素體系Estr 雌Estrogen雌激素P92Exo 外Exopeptidase外肽酶Pro 在前，在后方Premolar前磨牙Gluc 甘，葡萄糖Glucokinase葡萄糖激酶Semi 半Semisynthetic半合成的Hydro 水Hydrolase水解酶類-stenosis 變窄，狹窄Arteriostenosis動(dòng)脈狹窄P3

5、7P106Lipo 脂肪Lipoprotein脂蛋白Aero 氣體Aerosol氣溶膠，氣霧劑，煙霧劑Mono 單Monooxygenase 單加氧酶Therm 熱Thermostat恒溫器Poly 多Polypeptide多肽Spor 孢子Sporicide殺孢子劑P118Trans 轉(zhuǎn)Transaldolase轉(zhuǎn)醛縮酶Amino 氨基Aminoglycoside氨基糖苷Z(yǔ)ym 酶Zymogen酶原Aque 水Nonaqueous titration非水滴定法Chromato 顏色Chromatography色譜法pept 肽Dipeptide二肽Titri 滴定Titrimetric an

6、alysis滴定分析法uric 尿酸Uricacidemia尿酸血癥uracil 尿嘧啶Fluorouracil氟尿嘧啶P137-P143Pulmon/o 肺Pulmonary 肺的 P215Pneumon/o 氣，肺Pneumonia肺炎leuko 白Leukocyte白細(xì)胞Dent/i 牙齒Dentalgia牙痛leuco 白Leucocidin殺白細(xì)胞素Aden/o 腺 Adenoid腺樣的Gastr/o 胃Gastric胃的Duoden/o 十二指腸Duodenostomy十二指腸造口術(shù)Bil/i 膽B(tài)ilirubin膽紅素Peps/i 消化Dyspepsia消化不良-helcosis

7、 潰瘍形成Gastrohelcosis 胃潰腸Nephr/o 腎Nephromegaly腎肥大Ur/o 尿，尿道Diuretic利尿劑Andr/o 男性，雄性的Androgen雄激素Gon/o,gonad/o 性腺，生殖腺Gonorrhea淋病Uter/o 子宮Uteritis子宮炎Embry/o 胎兒，胚胎Embryonic胚胎的Vas/o 血管Vasoconstrictor血管收縮劑Hemat/o 血Hematuria血尿Thromb/o 凝塊，血塊Thrombosis血栓形成Thyr/o 甲狀腺Thyrocele甲狀腺腫Derm/o 皮膚Epidermis表皮Oste/o 骨Osteob

8、last成骨細(xì)胞Vertebr/o 椎骨Intervertebral椎間的My/o,myos/o 肌肉Myitis（myositis）肌炎Kerat/o角膜Keratomalacia角質(zhì)膜化Retin/o 視網(wǎng)膜Retinoscopy視網(wǎng)膜鏡檢查acou/o 聽(tīng)覺(jué)Acoustic聽(tīng)覺(jué)的Ot/o 耳Otitis耳炎P157-159kal 鉀Hyperkalemia高鉀血癥natr鈉Hypernatremia血鈉過(guò)高calc 鈣Calcium鈣carb碳Carbon碳iod 碘Iodide碘化物desoxy 脫氧Desoxymorphine脫氧嗎啡Acyl ?；鵄cylase酰基轉(zhuǎn)移酶prote

9、蛋白質(zhì)Protease蛋白酶fibrin 纖維蛋白Fibrinogen纖維蛋白1.掌握醫(yī)藥英語(yǔ)練習(xí)課件的詞匯部分內(nèi)容。2.掌握重點(diǎn)詞根表的內(nèi)容。3.掌握每單元TAXT A課后的true or false.4.中譯英： 4,5,6,8,9,11,13,14單元的前三題翻譯。5.英譯中： 8,11單元的TAXT A（英譯中）Unit four1. 研究藥物作用于人的科學(xué)叫藥理學(xué)，研究這門學(xué)問(wèn)的科學(xué)家便是藥理學(xué)家。藥理學(xué)不是一門能夠獨(dú)立研究的科學(xué)而是與其他學(xué)科緊密相關(guān)的。藥理學(xué)家不僅要了解人體內(nèi)進(jìn)行的正常反應(yīng)反應(yīng)過(guò)程，還應(yīng)懂得機(jī)體功能是怎樣受疾病影響的。The science of the effe

10、cts of drugs on the body is called pharmacology, and the scientists who study it are pharmacologists. Pharmacology is not a science that can be studied on its own, but that closely related to other branches of science. Pharmacologists should not only understand the normal process that take place in

11、the body, but know how the functions of the body are affected by disease.2. 醫(yī)生和醫(yī)學(xué)生對(duì)藥理學(xué)的理解和要求沒(méi)有其定義范疇那么廣泛。臨床醫(yī)生的主要興趣在于藥物對(duì)人類疾病的預(yù)防、診斷及治療，或者在避孕方面所起的作用。For physicians and medical students, the scope of pharmacology is not so expansive as its common definition. The clinician is interested primarily in drugs

12、 that are useful in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human disease, or in the prevention of pregnancy.3.所有的醫(yī)生都應(yīng)該負(fù)起責(zé)任解決藥品濫用所引起的各種社會(huì)問(wèn)題。藥物用得恰當(dāng)，將是人類的一大福音，用得不當(dāng)，則肯能毀了人類。病人（特別是老年病人）經(jīng)常性使用一種以上治療藥物的話，往往會(huì)發(fā)生產(chǎn)生毒性藥物的相互作用。All physicians should share the responsibility to resolve kinds of sociological pr

13、oblems caused by the abuse of drugs, properly used, drugs are great blessing to mankind; improperly used, they could destroy human race. When a patient, particularly the elderly is prescribed frequently to take more than one therapeutic agent, drug interactions resulting in toxicity will occur.Unit

14、Five1. 為了對(duì)抗疾病，免疫系統(tǒng)生成了被稱為抗體的蛋白質(zhì)，它們附著于入侵細(xì)菌。但實(shí)際情況是免疫系統(tǒng)并不能在每次面對(duì)一個(gè)新的病原體時(shí)都制造出一種特殊的抗體，實(shí)際上，免疫系統(tǒng)是通過(guò)對(duì)其抗體庫(kù)的大規(guī)模篩選而確定最有效的抗體。To fight against disease, the immune system generates proteins known as antibodies that bind to invading organisms. But the real case is that the immune system is not to develop a specializ

15、ed antibody each time it is faced with a new pathogen. In fact, the immune system select the most effective one by mass screening of its antibody repertoire, thus identifying the ones that work best.2. 在一種被稱為“組合化學(xué)的”的方法中，化學(xué)家們首先生成很多相關(guān)化合物，然后對(duì)他們進(jìn)行篩選，來(lái)找到那些可能具有藥用價(jià)值的化合物。In a process called combinatorial ch

16、emistry, chemists generate a large number of related compounds and then screen the collection for the ones that could have medicinal value.3.在平行和成中，化學(xué)家們常常利用所謂的微量滴定板將所有的產(chǎn)物都在其各自的反應(yīng)容器中集結(jié)。In a parallel synthesis, chemists often use a so-called microtiter plate to assemble all the products separately in

17、their own reaction vessels.Units six1. 植物天然產(chǎn)物已經(jīng)并繼續(xù)擁有著為醫(yī)藥和藥劑的重要作用，不僅是作為純化的分離提取物，而且作為合成優(yōu)化的先導(dǎo)化合物。Plant natural products have had, and continue to have, an important role as medicinal and pharmaceutical agents, not only as purified isolates and extractives, but also as lead compounds for synthetic optim

18、ization.2. 植物次生代謝產(chǎn)物也有希望用于腫瘤化學(xué)預(yù)防，即“利用無(wú)細(xì)胞毒營(yíng)養(yǎng)物或藥物增強(qiáng)內(nèi)在生理機(jī)制以保護(hù)有機(jī)體，防止惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞的突變復(fù)制”。Plant secondary metabolites also show promise for cancer chemoprevention, which has been defined as “the use of non-cytotoxic nutrients for pharmacological agents to enhance intrinsic physiological mechanisms that protect th

19、e organism against mutant clones of malignant cells”.3. 然而，世界上25萬(wàn)種植物的絕大部分還沒(méi)有進(jìn)行藥物篩選評(píng)價(jià)，一小部分已經(jīng)進(jìn)行測(cè)試的也只是對(duì)很少幾種治療靶標(biāo)進(jìn)行了活性篩選。Nevertheless, the vast majority of the worlds quarter of a million plant species has not been evaluated in pharmaceutical screens, and the small percentage that has been tested has gen

20、erally been screened for activity against only a few therapeutic targets.Unit eight1. 分析化學(xué)的核心任務(wù)在于解決兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：一個(gè)是有什么；另一個(gè)是有多少，也就是定性分析和定量分析。定性分析是指鑒別所含的物質(zhì)而定量分析是測(cè)定物質(zhì)的準(zhǔn)確含量。Analytical chemistry aims to resolve two questions: what it is and how much it is, that is qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.

21、Qualitative analysis is to identify the elements, ions and compounds contained in a sample while quantitative analysis is to determine the exact quantity.2. 分析化的發(fā)展已經(jīng)超出來(lái)了化學(xué)的邊界，因此有人提議用分析學(xué)科來(lái)描述這個(gè)領(lǐng)域。但是，這個(gè)名詞忽視了儀器發(fā)展和應(yīng)用，因此有人建議使用“分析學(xué)科和技術(shù)”這一名詞。Analytical chemistry has expanded beyond the bounds of just chemis

22、try, and many have advocated using the name analytical science to describe the field. Even this term falls short of recognition of the role of instrumentation development and applications. One suggestion is that we use the term analytical science and technology.3. 分析化學(xué)家致力于提高已有技術(shù)的可靠性以更好的滿足社會(huì)中頻繁出現(xiàn)的化學(xué)檢

23、測(cè)的需求。他們將已證實(shí)的方法應(yīng)用于新型材料，或回答關(guān)于其組成及反應(yīng)機(jī)理的新問(wèn)題。Analytical chemists work to improve the reliability of existing techniques to meet the demands for better chemical measurements which arise constantly in our society. Theyadopt proven methodologies to new kinds of materials or to answer new questions about the

24、ir composition and their reactivity mechanisms.Unit nine1. 新藥研發(fā)涉及多學(xué)科研究人員多年的共同研究成果，并且隨著遺傳工程學(xué)和單克隆抗體技術(shù)的發(fā)展，人們必將研制出更多新藥。The development of a new therapeutic agent involves a multidisciplinary group in many years antibodies, it is likely that even more agents should be produced .2. 生物藥劑的活性依賴于其二級(jí)、三級(jí)和四級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)

25、上的復(fù)雜構(gòu)象，并且這些構(gòu)像采用目前的分析技術(shù)和方法還無(wú)法完全被確定并用于效能試驗(yàn)。The activity of biopharmaceuticals depends on their complicated conformation based on secondary , tertiary and quaternary structures. These structures cannot be fully defined with our present set of analytical techniques and approaches for potency testing.3.

26、處理靜脈注射這一給藥途徑可以直接進(jìn)入血液循環(huán)外，所有其他全身性作用的藥物的給藥途徑都涉及藥物從給藥地點(diǎn)吸收進(jìn)入血液的過(guò)程。Apart from the intravenous route of drug administration ,where a drug is introduced directly into the blood circulation ,all other routes of administrating systematically acting drugs involve ,the absorption of drug from the place of admin

27、istration into the blood .Unit eleven textA1藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)中所包含的信息來(lái)自于調(diào)查人員提供的、由藥品生產(chǎn)廠家提交給FDA的數(shù)據(jù)，包括藥品的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)、藥理/毒理的概述、臨床適應(yīng)癥和禁忌癥、注意事項(xiàng)，有報(bào)道的不良反應(yīng)、建議用量和可用劑型。The information the package insert contains is derived from data supplied by investigators and submitted by the pharmaceutical firm to the FDA , including the chem

28、ical structures of the drug,a summary of its pharmacological and toxicological action ,its clinical indications and contraindications ,precautions , reported adverse reactions ,dosage recommendations ,and available dosage forms. 2. 醫(yī)生也許根據(jù)他的職業(yè)判斷使用這些藥品。但是一旦他無(wú)視藥品說(shuō)明書(shū)中的用藥說(shuō)明而出現(xiàn)不良反應(yīng)，他就必須做好準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)付法庭訴訟，辯護(hù)是否存在醫(yī)療

29、失當(dāng)。The physician may exercise his professional judgment in the use of and drug.However, if the deviates from the instructions in the package insert and adverse reactions occur , he must be prepared to defend his position in court if there is a malpractice suit.3. 如果出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重反應(yīng)而付諸法律的話，醫(yī)生承認(rèn)知道藥品書(shū)上的禁止，還是使用這種

30、藥物治療某種疾病，那么法庭將如何裁決？公開(kāi)出版的臨床研究報(bào)告加上醫(yī)生在開(kāi)藥時(shí)的判斷就足夠了嗎？If a severe reaction occurred and litigation followed ,how would a court react if a physician admitted to he use of his drug for the treatment of some diseases in view of the prohibitions in the package insert?Would the published clinical study ,plus th

31、e physicians judgment in presribing the drug,suffice?Unit thirteen 1. 藥學(xué)監(jiān)護(hù)強(qiáng)調(diào)優(yōu)化藥物治療、使藥物問(wèn)題最小化和提高自我管理能力，其目的是獲得最優(yōu)療效并提高病人的生活質(zhì)量。The focus of pharmaceutical care os to optimize drug therapy, minimize drug-related problems , and improve self-management for the purpose of achieving the optimal outcome to imp

32、rove the patients quality of life.2. 糖尿病是一種代謝性疾病，其特點(diǎn)是由于胰島素分泌缺陷、胰島素作用缺陷或二者兼有而出現(xiàn)慢性高血糖，最終有可能導(dǎo)致并發(fā)癥。Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion , insulin action , or both, Ultimately , it is likely to lead to compli

33、cations.3. 干預(yù)組病人的藥學(xué)監(jiān)護(hù)過(guò)程包括三個(gè)部分，分別是在醫(yī)院、出院后和活動(dòng)地點(diǎn)提供的藥學(xué)監(jiān)護(hù)。The pharmaceutical Care process for the patients in Intervention Group consists of three sections.One of them is provided at hospital.then seamless care at the time of discharge from hospital and the last in the ambulatory setting.Unit Fourteen1.

34、一種新藥在問(wèn)世和被使用之前，制造商必須從相應(yīng)的政府權(quán)威部門獲得執(zhí)照（英國(guó)是藥品安全委員會(huì)；美國(guó)是食品與藥物管理局；瑞典是藥品部等等）Before a new drug goes to the market and is widely used, the manufacturer should get the license from the corresponding authorized government agency (Drug Safety Committee in Britain; Food and Drug Administration in USA; Medical Produ

35、cts Agency in Sweden and etc.).2. 在推向市場(chǎng)之前，這種新藥很可能已在受監(jiān)控的試驗(yàn)中給三千多個(gè)健康志愿者或病人服用過(guò)了，除非這種只是為了對(duì)付某些罕見(jiàn)的疾病而不需大范圍試驗(yàn)。The new drug probably has been taken by more than 3000 healthy volunteers or patients in controlled studies before marketed unless it is only designed for some orphan disease in small scale trials.3

36、. 在現(xiàn)階段，大多數(shù)藥理作用已為人所知，有過(guò)量用藥導(dǎo)致的副作用已有不少記錄在案。然而，人們對(duì)藥物中無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)的毒副作用的認(rèn)識(shí)卻很少。這類毒副作用往往在藥品已廣泛使用之后才被識(shí)別。At the present stage, most of the pharmacological effects are well-known and the side effects caused by overdosages have documented. However, the recognition of unpredicted toxic and side effects are rarely known

37、 by humans until after the extensive use of the drugs.結(jié)晶固體 crystalline solid 無(wú)菌注射劑 sterile injection 有機(jī)溶劑organic solvent 分子式MF(molecular formula)淡黃色溶液 yellowish solution 溶解度solubility 抗體antibody 理化性質(zhì)physicochemical properties凍干粉末freezed-dried powder 西林瓶vial無(wú)機(jī)化學(xué)inorganic chemistry 分子量MW(molecular wei

38、ght)類白色素片off-white plain tablet 抗原antigen肝炎hepatitis 熱原pyrogen中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng) CNS 血腦屏障BBB(blood-brain barrier )半數(shù)致死量LD50(Lethal Dose 50) 三磷酸腺苷ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate)腦電圖EEG(electroencephalogram) 心電圖ECG(electrocardiogram)動(dòng)脈給藥ia.(Intraarterial ) 靜脈給藥iv. (Intravenous )肌肉給藥 im. (intramuscular ) 皮下給藥 sc.(Subcu

39、taneous) 半衰期Half life 血藥濃度Drug plasma concentration血漿濃度Plasma concentration 血清濃度Serum concentration耐受性Tolerance 耐藥性resistance臨床藥理Clinical pharmacology 生物活性Bio-activity感染Infection 廓清率 Clearance強(qiáng)力速效劑Potent short-acting agent 橫紋肌Striated muscle心(腎)功能不全cardiac/renal insufficiency高血壓 hypertension 痙攣spasm低血壓hypotension 關(guān)節(jié)炎arthritis肝炎hepatitis 胃腸道潰瘍ulcer of gastrointestinal