中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講精練第十章主謂一致

1、第十章：主謂一致 主謂一致三原則 主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。 1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則：指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：tom is a good student 湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。 they often play football on the playground. 他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。 2. 意義一致：指主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： my family are hav

2、ing lunch now. 我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。 twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 這本書(shū)20美元太貴了。 3. 就近一致：指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語(yǔ)。例如： not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不但老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。 there is a pen and some books on the desk. 課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書(shū)。 典型練習(xí)：1. neither he nor i _

3、 for the plan. a. were b. is c. are d. am 2. there _ a knife and fork on the table. a. are b. is c. am d. be 經(jīng)典解析：以上兩題屬于就近一致，就近一致主要包括：neither. . . nor. . . , either. . . or. . . . , not only. . . but also. . . 連接并列主語(yǔ)及there be 句型. 答案為：1. d 2. b以here，there開(kāi)頭的句子，若主語(yǔ)在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與臨近的主語(yǔ)一致,本題離謂語(yǔ)近的是a kni

4、fe是單數(shù). 3. my family as well as i _ glad to see you. a. was b. is c. are d am 4. my father, together with some of his old friends, _ there already. a. will be b. had been c. has been d. have been 5. the pair of shoes _ worn out. a. had been b. have been c. were d. was 經(jīng)典解析：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)中含有介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞后面為賓語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)與介詞前面

5、的主語(yǔ)的形式一致,答案為：3. c,這里的主語(yǔ)是my family, as well as 后的i 雖是主格但是賓語(yǔ), 這里的family表達(dá)的意義為：家庭成員,故用復(fù)數(shù). 4. c, 這里的主語(yǔ)是my father, 介詞with 后面的some of his old friends是賓語(yǔ), my father 是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù). 5. d, 這里的主語(yǔ)是the pair, 介詞of 后的shoes是賓語(yǔ),the pair屬第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù). 6. there are two roads and either _ to the station. a. is leading b. are leadi

6、ng c. lead d. leads 7. nine plus three _ twelve. a. are making b. is making c. make d. makes 8. twenty miles _ a long way to cover. a. seem to be b. is c. are d. were 9. very few _ his address in the town. a. has known b. are knowing c. know d. knows 10. our family _ a happy one. a. are b. was c. ar

7、e d. is 11. over 80 percent of the population _ workers. a. will be b. are c. is d. was 12. a professor and a writer _ present at the meeting. a. had been b. were c. is d. was 13. a professor and writer _ present at the meeting. a. had been b. were c. are d. was14. the whole class _ greatly moved at

8、 his words. a. is b. had c. were d. was 15. the greens_ having breakfast when the accident happened. a. is b. are c. was d. were16. the poor _ very pity, they should be helped by the rich. a. is b. are c. was d. be17. doing eye exercises often _ your eyes brighter. a. make b. makes c. is d. keep18.

9、doing sports and giving up smoking _ you healthy. a. make b. makes c. is d. keeps經(jīng)典解析:以上各題均屬于意義一致原則,答案為:6. d,either意義為:兩者中任何一個(gè)做主語(yǔ)屬于第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù);7. d, 兩個(gè)數(shù)加減乘除的結(jié)果均為一個(gè)數(shù)因此意義上屬于單數(shù). 8. b, 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。9. c,這里的主語(yǔ)very few代表的是很少的人后面省略了people,意義上是復(fù)數(shù). 10. d, 這里的主語(yǔ)family表一個(gè)家庭的整體

10、概念,應(yīng)為單數(shù)意義. 11. b, population雖然是不可數(shù)名詞,但表示某地人口的百分之幾時(shí)不可用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ). 12. b, 由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。本題主語(yǔ)a professor and a writer就是指兩個(gè)人一個(gè)教授,一個(gè)作家表復(fù)數(shù)概念. 13. d,由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，事

11、物，或概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。本題主語(yǔ)a professor and writer就是指一個(gè)人,一個(gè)既是教授又是作家的人表單數(shù)概念. 14. c,本題主語(yǔ)the whole class這里表示整個(gè)班級(jí)的學(xué)生應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式. 15. d,the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示一家人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，16. b, the+形容詞,表示一類(lèi)人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;17. b, 主語(yǔ)doing eye exercises 是一件事,屬單數(shù)主語(yǔ);18. a, 主語(yǔ)

12、doing sports and giving up smoking 是兩件事,屬?gòu)?fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ). 19. the boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _ from the countryside in our school. a. was b. were c. is d. are 20. those who _ singing may join us. a. is fond b. is seeming to be c. seem to be d. seems to be 經(jīng)典解析:定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)形式應(yīng)取決于先行

13、詞, 答案為19. d,先行詞為students20. c,先行詞為those復(fù)數(shù). 21. the number of students in our school _ 3000 and a number of them _from countrysides. a. is , is b. are , are c. are, is d. is, are經(jīng)典解析: a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。答案為:21. d22. maths is very popular in my class. a. is b. are c. been d. be經(jīng)典解析: 以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, math