LiionBatteryintroduction鋰離子電池介紹實用教案

1、會計學(xué)1LiionBatteryintroduction鋰離子電池鋰離子電池(dinch)介紹介紹第一頁，共50頁。IntroductionLi-ion Battery Fundamentals and Electrical BehaviorMonitoring and SafetyGeneral Battery Characteristics Page 2第1頁/共49頁第二頁，共50頁。Page 3第2頁/共49頁第三頁，共50頁。Separator, cathode and anode are around the column.Page 418650第3頁/共49頁第四頁，共50頁。P

2、age 5第4頁/共49頁第五頁，共50頁。Page 6第5頁/共49頁第六頁，共50頁。10-100um thinkness. for microminiature device Page 7第6頁/共49頁第七頁，共50頁。Page 8第7頁/共49頁第八頁，共50頁。componentmaterialexampleAnodeLi-embedded Transition metal oxidesLiCoO4,LiMnO4,LiCoMnOx,LiFePO4CathodeLi-embeddable compound etc.(synthetic) graphiteElectrolyteLiPF

3、6 alkyl acid estersEC,PC ,EDCSeparatorpolyene porous membranePE,PP,PP/PE/PPEnclosure and packagemetalsteel,aluminumPage 9第8頁/共49頁第九頁，共50頁。Page 10第9頁/共49頁第十頁，共50頁。Page 11第10頁/共49頁第十一頁，共50頁。LiFePO4LiMnOxLiCoO2LiNiO2LiNiCoMnO2main componentLiFePO4LiMn2O4LiMnO2LiCoO2LiNiO2LiNiCoMnO2ennergy density (mAh/

4、g)170 ideal148286274274278130-140 actual100-120200135-140190-210155-165voltage（V）3.2-3.73.8-3.93.4-4.33.62.5-4.13.0-4.5cycle life2000500inferior300inferior800transition metalvery richrichrichpoorrichpoorenvironmantalnon-poisonousnon-poisonousnon-poisonousradioactivity(Co)poisonous(Ni)poisonoussafety

5、greatgoodgoodbadbadnot badtemp()-207550low temp stable-20 55N/A-20 55Page 12第11頁/共49頁第十二頁，共50頁。LiCoO2LiMn2O4poor safety, high costSynthesis difficult serious attenuationLiNiO2Page 13第12頁/共49頁第十三頁，共50頁。power fieldcommunication fieldLiFePO4LiMn2O4Li-ternary compoundLiNiO2Ni-Hlead-acidLiCoO2power field

6、: LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4 have the advantages of low cost, safety and heat minocation field: Li-ternary compound and LiNiO2 have higher specific energy.Li-ion battery anode materialPage 14第13頁/共49頁第十四頁，共50頁。Page 15第14頁/共49頁第十五頁，共50頁。cathode materialsungraphitisedungraphitisedcarboncarbongraphite graphit

7、e stratified structurestratified structureTransition metal oxidessilica-basedmaterialLi4Ti5O12spinel structuretin-basedmaterialmetal LiPage 16第15頁/共49頁第十六頁，共50頁。synthetic graphitesilicon carbon alloyLi-ion battery cathode materials performancecathode materialscapacityprocess-abilitytemperature stabi

8、litydisadvantagesgraphite carbon360mAh/geasygoodlow capacitySi alloy2500mAh/geasygoodvolume change Sn alloy800-900mAh/ghardbadbad porformance for high rate discahrgemetal Li3860mAh/geasybaddendritic crystalPage 17第16頁/共49頁第十七頁，共50頁。large mount of capacity,less expension,long cycle life and storage l

9、ife,surpport quick charge.etc.Metal lithium is deposited on the carbon surface.It can explosively react with a variety of materials. Burning, explode and gas expansion are all protential safety problems.carbon materialsLi4Ti5O12Fig. Li4Ti5O12 SEM photo and its chg/dsg performanceLi-ion battery catho

10、de materialsPage 18第17頁/共49頁第十八頁，共50頁。二次鋰電池正負(fù)極材料電壓二次鋰電池正負(fù)極材料電壓(diny)-容量分布圖容量分布圖Voltage versus capacity for positive- and negative-electrode materials presently used or under serious considerations for the next generation of rechargeable Li-based cells. Page 19第18頁/共49頁第十九頁，共50頁。Fig.2 electrolyte pro

11、duct manufacture processLi-ion battery electrolyteprocess.raw-materialsolvent-preparepurificationfine purificationelectrolytesolution preparestirfinished productPage 20第19頁/共49頁第二十頁，共50頁。Li-ion battery Performance requirements of electrolyte materialsPage 21第20頁/共49頁第二十一頁，共50頁。中文名稱short namedielectr

12、ic constantviscosity(mPas)melting point()boiling point()decomposition voltage(V)乙烯碳酸酯EC901.9372385.8丙烯碳酸酯PC652.5-492425.8二甲基碳酸酯DMC3.10.593905.7二乙基碳酸酯DEC2.80.75-431275.5乙基甲基碳酸酯EMC2.90.65-55108-二甲醚DME7.20.46-58844.9solventLi-ion battery electrolyte solventPage 22第21頁/共49頁第二十二頁，共50頁。Li-ion battery elec

13、trolyte additiveAdditive NameApplicationComponent亞乙烯碳酸酯improve SEI film performanceSO2/Co2/VC磷酸三甲酯improve eletrolyte safetyTMP冠醚和穴狀化合物improve electrolyte conductivityether, etc.金屬氧化物和鹽balance acid concentrationAl2O3, MgO,BaO, Li/CaxCOyPage 23第22頁/共49頁第二十三頁，共50頁。Li-ion battery electrolytePage 24elect

14、rolyte classifychemical formulafeatures高氯酸鋰LiClO4explosive四氟硼酸鋰LiBF4stability, poor conductivity and cyclity六氟砷酸鋰LiAsF6effeciency, stability, but cost high and poisonous六氟磷酸鋰LiPF4good conductivity, poor thermal stability三氟甲基磺酰LiN(SO2CF3)good thermal stability and cyclity, but poor conductivity雙草酸硼酸鋰

15、LiBOBgood thermal stability and chemical stability, but low solubility and poor conductivity第23頁/共49頁第二十四頁，共50頁。Li-ion battery separatorPage 25第24頁/共49頁第二十五頁，共50頁。abilitypurposeperformanceposition separator, insulationanode and cathode particles isolation aviod slef-discharging,internal short circui

16、tporinessLi-ion transferhigh conductivity, low internal impendancechemical stabilityno reaction and consumptionlong storage lifeelectrolyte wettabilityfully contactedion conductivitylong cycle lifemechanical propertyin case of crack by force from dendritic crystal or the other.long storage lifeself-

17、protectpores close when temperature risesafetyPage 26第25頁/共49頁第二十六頁，共50頁。nsolid, gelLi-ion Battery SeparatorPage 27第26頁/共49頁第二十七頁，共50頁。Celgard2400 separator，PP，25m，37% porosity，0.117m*0.042m pore size Page 28第27頁/共49頁第二十八頁，共50頁。Page 29第28頁/共49頁第二十九頁，共50頁。Fig. x Voltage profile during low-rate discha

18、rge of batteryPage 30第29頁/共49頁第三十頁，共50頁。Relaxation timePage 31第30頁/共49頁第三十一頁，共50頁。Relaxation timePage 32第31頁/共49頁第三十二頁，共50頁。Relaxation timePage 33第32頁/共49頁第三十三頁，共50頁。nNote: Do not estimate IR drop by resistance from cell makers. 1kHz vs DCnestimate usable capacity in real discharge process in therma

19、l box, heat exchange, much more close to real usable capacitywhy not test cell temperature directly？self-heating of cell and, more important, electronic devices result in enviroment temperature around the cells rising,abundant heat exchange(put in thermal box) is nessanary for monitoring.Page 34第33頁

20、/共49頁第三十四頁，共50頁。Page 35第34頁/共49頁第三十五頁，共50頁。Page 36第35頁/共49頁第三十六頁，共50頁。Page 37第36頁/共49頁第三十七頁，共50頁。Page 38第37頁/共49頁第三十八頁，共50頁。Page 39第38頁/共49頁第三十九頁，共50頁。Page 40第39頁/共49頁第四十頁，共50頁。Page 41第40頁/共49頁第四十一頁，共50頁。nThe reactions between electrolyte and electrode always exsit in the process of self-discharge,

21、which makes poor the material activity and changes its structure, leading to decrease the ennergy(voltage) of the cell under the constant capacity.Page 42第41頁/共49頁第四十二頁，共50頁。nbattery explode(expansion by heat or much more gas)nSources:nManufacture process. internal short circuit, metal particlesnAge proce