非謂語動(dòng)詞(1) 2

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能充當(dāng)充當(dāng)除謂語動(dòng)詞以外除謂語動(dòng)詞以外的各種句子成分的各種句子成分 成分成分類別類別主語主語 賓語賓語 表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)不定式不定式(to)+ v 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 -ing現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing 過去分詞過去分詞-ed 非謂語非謂語形式形式構(gòu)成構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)否定式否定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式不定式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞分分詞詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞to doto have done to be doing to have been doingto be doneto have been donedoinghaving don

2、ebeing donehaving been donedoinghaving donebeing donehaving been donedone在非謂在非謂語前加語前加not或或neverfor sb. to do sth. of sb. to do sth.sb. / sbs doing作主語僅用作主語僅用sbs doing特別注意：特別注意： not having done;ones not doing / ones not having done非謂語動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)非謂語動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)、謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別；、謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別；、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語; 、非謂語動(dòng)

3、詞作表語；、非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語；、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語；、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語； 、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語；、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語；、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)；、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)；、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語；、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語； 、非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)；、非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)；、非謂語動(dòng)詞否定形式；、非謂語動(dòng)詞否定形式； 、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu); 、不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) ；、關(guān)于、關(guān)于there be 的非謂語形式。的非謂語形式。、謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別、謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別高考題點(diǎn)擊：高考題點(diǎn)擊： “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A.

4、 angrily pointingB. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間用兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間用 and 連接稱為并列謂語

5、，并列謂語需注意兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的連接稱為并列謂語，并列謂語需注意兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的形式的一致性，故形式的一致性，故B、D皆錯(cuò)；不用皆錯(cuò)；不用 and 連接時(shí)稱之為狀語，只能用非連接時(shí)稱之為狀語，只能用非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，故謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，故C錯(cuò)。錯(cuò)。seized 和和 took 是并列謂語，是并列謂語，disappearing 是伴隨狀語。此題的關(guān)是伴隨狀語。此題的關(guān)鍵是鍵是and 的位置，如果的位置，如果 and 在在 disappear 前，則三個(gè)動(dòng)詞并列。前，則三個(gè)動(dòng)詞并列。、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語注意以下兩個(gè)重要問題：注意以下兩個(gè)重要問題：第一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題第一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題如：如：See

6、ing is believing. 第二需要注意一些結(jié)構(gòu)：第二需要注意一些結(jié)構(gòu)：A) Its no use (no good) doing sth. 如：如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow .B) 在在 Its + adj. 結(jié)構(gòu)中都用不定式作主語。注意兩種句型：結(jié)構(gòu)中都用不定式作主語。注意兩種句型： Its easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary) 后加后加 for sb. to do Its kind (nice, stu

7、pid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考慮周到的考慮周到的), mean(卑鄙的卑鄙的), silly, selfish (自私的自私的) )后加后加 of sb. to do即主表一致性即主表一致性 、非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語、非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do no

8、t make動(dòng)詞不定式短語動(dòng)詞不定式短語 to make life easier 及及 not to make it more difficult 都作都作 purpose 的表語。的表語。 The speech was _.The students were greatly_.注意兩個(gè)問題注意兩個(gè)問題: 一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題二是時(shí)間問題：二是時(shí)間問題： 一般來說，不定式作表語都表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來，故在一般來說，不定式作表語都表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來，故在表示表示“目的、愿望、夢(mèng)想、需求目的、愿望、夢(mèng)想、需求”等名詞作主語時(shí)其表語應(yīng)該用不定式。等名詞作主語時(shí)其表語應(yīng)該用不定式。動(dòng)名詞

9、作表語一般用來表示動(dòng)名詞作表語一般用來表示“身份、職業(yè)身份、職業(yè)”等。等。To see is to believe.My dream of life is to become a scientist.My job is teaching.另外要特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別。另外要特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別。 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞說明主語所具有的特征；說明主語所具有的特征； 過去分詞過去分詞多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。inspiringinspired、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語位置：位置：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)分詞做定語可放在名詞前，其余均放在名詞后。單個(gè)分詞做定語可放

10、在名詞前，其余均放在名詞后。Do you know the student seated /sitting at the back of the classroom?Have you read the news referring to house prices?the concerned parents 憂心的家長(zhǎng)憂心的家長(zhǎng)the parents concerned 相關(guān)的家長(zhǎng)相關(guān)的家長(zhǎng)、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語 高考題點(diǎn)擊：高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the

11、beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2. A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted 該題的謂語動(dòng)詞是該題的謂語動(dòng)詞是 attract，“聞起來很香聞起來很香”用來作定語修用來作定語修主語主語 flowers?！爸\殺謀殺”只能被預(yù)謀，故該用過去分詞作定語表示被動(dòng)。只能被預(yù)謀，故該用過去分詞作定語表示被動(dòng)。3. The

12、picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hunghang 作及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)表示人為的作及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)表示人為的“掛掛”；作不及物動(dòng)詞；作不及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)表示東西掛在某處的狀態(tài)。本句中的用時(shí)表示東西掛在某處的狀態(tài)。本句中的 hang 為不及為不及物動(dòng)詞，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。物動(dòng)詞，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)要注意以下區(qū)別：非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)要注意以下區(qū)別： 分詞作定語時(shí)與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；分詞作定語時(shí)與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂

13、關(guān)系； a sleeping childB）動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)只表示用途、場(chǎng)所等意義；動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)只表示用途、場(chǎng)所等意義； a sleeping bagC）不定式作定語時(shí)要注意以下一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式作定語時(shí)要注意以下一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)： 在在 ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, power, right , time 等名詞后；等名詞后； 由序數(shù)詞由序數(shù)詞,only, last, next 或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞常用或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語；不定式做定語； I dont think he is the best

14、man _(do) the job. He is always the first / the last one _ (leave) the office. to doto leaveD)表示被動(dòng)意義的非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)的用法：表示被動(dòng)意義的非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)的用法： done 表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作 to be done 表示尚未開始的動(dòng)作表示尚未開始的動(dòng)作 being done 表示正在進(jìn)行之中的動(dòng)作表示正在進(jìn)行之中的動(dòng)作The meeting _ yesterday is very important.The meeting _ tomorrow is very impor

15、tant.The meeting _ now is very important.heldto be heldbeing held1. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking介詞的賓語一般都用動(dòng)名詞介詞的賓語一般都用動(dòng)名詞 、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語 2. I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B.

16、 to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects注意注意1：僅帶不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：僅帶不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：agree, refuse, offer, promise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope, expect, long, wish, te

17、nd, desire, plan, pretend, 等；等；注意注意2：動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 know, show 等常帶疑問詞加等常帶疑問詞加 to do 作賓語。作賓語。注意注意3：在某些復(fù)合賓語中，用在某些復(fù)合賓語中，用it做形式賓語，而把不定式放到后面去。做形式賓語，而把不定式放到后面去。consider / feel / think / find / make it n./adj. to do sth. 例如：例如：I found it impossible to finish the work on time.4. I really appreciate _ to relax with yo

18、u on this nice island. A. to have had timeB. having time C. to have timeD. to having time 僅帶動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞為：僅帶動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞為：admit advocate(提倡提倡)appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent finish imagine mind miss practise resist risk suggest stand forgive keep allow permit forbid advise 可以用以下口訣進(jìn)行記憶：可

19、以用以下口訣進(jìn)行記憶：(背景為你剛到一個(gè)新的單位。背景為你剛到一個(gè)新的單位。)避免錯(cuò)過欣賞，禁止推遲完成，繼續(xù)忍受否認(rèn)，避免錯(cuò)過欣賞，禁止推遲完成，繼續(xù)忍受否認(rèn)，承認(rèn)盼望原諒，想象訓(xùn)練冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意空想，承認(rèn)盼望原諒，想象訓(xùn)練冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意空想，建議考慮逃亡。建議考慮逃亡。 但如果在但如果在 allow permit forbid advise后提到有關(guān)的人，后提到有關(guān)的人，就只能用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如：就只能用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如：allow sb to do sth 在動(dòng)詞在動(dòng)詞 want, need, require, deserve 等詞后加動(dòng)名詞作等詞后加動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于賓

20、語時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于 to be done。如：如：want doing = want to be done5. - You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doingC. to have done D. having done6. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _ A. to arrive; lea

21、ving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave7. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to waitC. wait D. to be waiting特別注意帶不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)意義不同的動(dòng)詞：特別注意帶不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)意義不同的動(dòng)詞： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, stop stop to do 停止手中事，去做

22、另一件事停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事停止正在做的事 remember/forget/regret to do （指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生）（指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doing（指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）（指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生） try to do （設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力）（設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力） try doing （試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果） mean to do（打算做，企圖做）（打算做，企圖做） mean doing （意識(shí)是，意味著）（意識(shí)是，意味著） go on to do（接著做另外一件事）（接著做另外一件事） go

23、 on doing（接著做同一件事）（接著做同一件事） cant help (to) do （不能幫忙做）（不能幫忙做） cant help doing （忍不住要做）（忍不住要做）8. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. A. set upB. setting upC. have set up D. having set up9. - How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and th

24、e customers? - The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. A. to solving makingB. to solving made C. to solve makingD. to solve made要特別注意要特別注意 to 的詞性，分析其為介詞還是不定式。的詞性，分析其為介詞還是不定式。be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于，習(xí)慣于， be used to，stick to， turn to ，devote oneself to，be devoted to，look forward t

25、o，pay attention to, get down to，contribute to, lead to 等等 、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)常見動(dòng)詞常見動(dòng)詞與賓語的邏與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念間概念例句例句不不定定式式 現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在分分詞詞 過過去去分分詞詞sb. to dosb. dosb./sth. doing /done主謂關(guān)系。主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成。完成。 The teacher encouraged me to work hard. I heard him call me several times. Who would you l

26、ike to have do the experiment?主謂關(guān)系。主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)正在進(jìn)行，尚未行，尚未完成完成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)作已經(jīng)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，多完成，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)I found her listening to the radio.He has the machine running all the time.I wont have my students cheating in the exam. (否定句中表否定句中表“容忍容忍”)We found the village greatly changed.She was surprised that t

27、he washingmachine she had had repaired went wrong again.ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage have(讓讓) , notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, makenotice, see, watch, hear, find, have(讓讓) , feel, keep, leave注意點(diǎn)：注意點(diǎn)：一、一、 感官動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語：感官動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語：常見感官動(dòng)詞：常見感官動(dòng)詞：see, watch, observe, look

28、 at, hear, listen to, noticeI heard her _ an English song at the party.I heard her _ an English song when I passed her room yesterday.I heard an English song _ by a little girl the other day.改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)只有中的非謂語動(dòng)詞需要改變改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)只有中的非謂語動(dòng)詞需要改變.She was heard _ an English song at the party.to singsingsingingsung二

29、、二、 使役動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語：使役動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語：make / let/ have sb. do get sb. to doMother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.You may get your son to carry the heavy box for you.have sb. doing 用于疑問句、否定句，意為用于疑問句、否定句，意為“容忍、允容忍、允許許”.I wont have you speaking to your mother like that.意為：意為：have / get/ keep sb. / sth. do

30、ingThey had the machine running all night long.Can you help me to get the car going.The cruel woman kept the boy standing in the rain for an hour.我不允許你那樣跟你媽媽講話。我不允許你那樣跟你媽媽講話。 have / get/ make sth. doneIll have/ get my bike _ tomorrow.He raised his voice to make himself _.Tom had his legs _ while pla

31、ying football.意為：意為：Tom踢足球時(shí)傷了腿。踢足球時(shí)傷了腿。注意：被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，不定式做主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，注意：被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，不定式做主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，to一定要加上。一定要加上。The father made the boy stay at home.The boy was made _ at home.to stayrepairedheardbrokenhave sth. done 除了表示使某事被做以外，還可用來表示除了表示使某事被做以外，還可用來表示不幸的遭遇。不幸的遭遇。leave sb. doing 使使 保持某種狀態(tài)保持某種狀態(tài) leave sth. undone 留下某事

32、未做留下某事未做 leave sb. to do/ leave sth. to be done 留下某人去做某留下某人去做某事事/留下某事要被做留下某事要被做Its wrong of you to leave the machine _(run).The guest left most of the dishes _(untouch), because they didnt taste delicious.He went to the cinema, leaving me _(do) all the rest of the work.We hurriedly ended our meeting

33、, leaving many problems _( settle).runninguntouchedto doto be settled1. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning2. A computer does only what thinking people _. A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞 make sb. do

34、sth. 但改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)后，則應(yīng)為：但改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)后，則應(yīng)為：be made to do。注意其它不帶。注意其它不帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。的動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。 此句中的此句中的 it 指代的是指代的是 a computer，what 在從句中作在從句中作 do 的賓的賓語，表示語，表示“人們讓計(jì)算機(jī)所做的事人們讓計(jì)算機(jī)所做的事“應(yīng)該用應(yīng)該用 people have a computer do 這一結(jié)構(gòu)。需要注意的是這一結(jié)構(gòu)。需要注意的是 have 的幾個(gè)常用結(jié)構(gòu)：的幾個(gè)常用結(jié)構(gòu)： have sb. / sth. do ; have sb. / sth. done ; have sb. /

35、 sth. doing ; have (有有) sb. / sth. to do /to be done3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out4. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playingC. play D. to playthat 引導(dǎo)的是定語

36、從句，修飾引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾 plan，在從句中作，在從句中作 see 的賓的賓語。因此從句中的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為語。因此從句中的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為 see the plan carried out。特別注。特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。感官動(dòng)詞后面的賓補(bǔ)若用不定式，則表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)感官動(dòng)詞后面的賓補(bǔ)若用不定式，則表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作；若用現(xiàn)在分詞，則表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。本句應(yīng)理解作；若用現(xiàn)在分詞，則表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。本句應(yīng)理解為正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。為正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。特別注意：特別注意： hope, agree, demand, refuse 等沒有賓補(bǔ)等沒有賓補(bǔ)。5

37、.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not toB. not to doC. not to itD. do not to為了避免重復(fù)，常用省略形式為了避免重復(fù)，常用省略形式 to 來代替前面的動(dòng)作。來代替前面的動(dòng)作。如：如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, Id like to. Im sorry if I hurt you, but I didnt mean to.但但be、have (助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞)不可省不可省如：如：

38、China is no longer what it used to be. He hasnt finished the job, but he ought to have. 、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語一、不定式可作一、不定式可作目的狀語目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語等等, 還可以用于某些還可以用于某些作表語的形容詞后面作原因或結(jié)果狀語。作表語的形容詞后面作原因或結(jié)果狀語。 I stayed there to see what would happen. 他待在那里，想看看會(huì)發(fā)生什么。（他待在那里，想看看會(huì)發(fā)生什么。（_） He hurried to the station, only

39、to find the train gone.他匆忙趕到火車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。他匆忙趕到火車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。（ _） I am very glad to see you. 我很高興見到你。（我很高興見到你。（ _） She is too tired to do the job. 她太累了，做不了那項(xiàng)工她太累了，做不了那項(xiàng)工作。（作。（ _）目的目的結(jié)果結(jié)果原因原因結(jié)果結(jié)果二、分詞在句中可以作二、分詞在句中可以作時(shí)間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語、時(shí)間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語、讓步狀語、伴隨狀語讓步狀語、伴隨狀語等。如：等。如： Being sick, I stayed at h

40、ome. （_）Having been shown around the school , the experts gave our headmaster some advice.（_）United, we stand; divided, we fell. 團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。（_）The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it . 那孩子跌倒了，頭碰在門上碰破了。（那孩子跌倒了，頭碰在門上碰破了。（_）The teacher came into the lab, followed by s

41、ome students. 老師走進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，后面跟著一些學(xué)生。老師走進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，后面跟著一些學(xué)生。(_)Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 告訴他多次，他還是犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。（告訴他多次，他還是犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。（_）原因原因時(shí)間時(shí)間條件條件結(jié)果結(jié)果伴隨伴隨讓步讓步三、注意點(diǎn)：三、注意點(diǎn)：1、非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語必須和句子的主語保持一致，、非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語必須和句子的主語保持一致，構(gòu)成主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。構(gòu)成主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Hearing the news, tears came to her eyes.He

42、aring the news, she burst into tears.2、表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時(shí)可由連接詞、表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時(shí)可由連接詞while或或 when引導(dǎo)。如：引導(dǎo)。如：Be careful _the street. 過馬路時(shí)小心過馬路時(shí)小心。when crossing3、有時(shí)，、有時(shí)，“with或或without + 名詞（或代詞賓格）名詞（或代詞賓格）+ 分詞分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨狀況或原因。的結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨狀況或原因。 _ all the work _, he happily went home. 工作都做好了，他愉快地回家了。工作都做好了，他愉快地回家了。With

43、finished4、當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時(shí)，分詞須有自、當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時(shí)，分詞須有自己的主語，構(gòu)成己的主語，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The young man rushed into the room, _ with sweat. 年輕人沖進(jìn)屋，滿臉是汗。年輕人沖進(jìn)屋，滿臉是汗。_ ill, wed better putting the meeting off. 班長(zhǎng)病了，我們還是延期開會(huì)吧。班長(zhǎng)病了，我們還是延期開會(huì)吧。_, we will go out. = If weather permits , we will go out. _ Sunday to

44、day, the library doesnt open.=Because it is Sunday today, the library doesnt open.his face coveredThe monitor beingWeather permittingIt being 5、某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，分詞的邏輯主語不受句子主語、某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，分詞的邏輯主語不受句子主語的限制，可獨(dú)立使用，稱為獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或懸垂分詞。的限制，可獨(dú)立使用，稱為獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或懸垂分詞。 這這些結(jié)構(gòu)有：些結(jié)構(gòu)有：adv.(generally/frankly/personally/honestly/strictly/

45、 briefly ) + speaking, judging from / by 從從 判斷判斷considering / takinginto consideration supposing /providing / provided that 假如假如given sth./ that 假如，考慮到假如，考慮到 _his dress, he comes from a wealthy family. _, I dont like him at all. 坦率地說坦率地說,我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡他我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡他.Judging byFrankly speaking6、某些動(dòng)詞不定式常用作獨(dú)立副詞成分、

46、某些動(dòng)詞不定式常用作獨(dú)立副詞成分To make things/matters even worse To begin with To tell you the truthTo be honest/ exact / strict / frank Believe it or not _ (= Frankly speaking), I dont like your attitude._, he left me standing in the rain for nearly half an hour.To be frankBelieve it or not7、分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于帶有關(guān)聯(lián)詞的狀語從句，所以

47、，要注、分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于帶有關(guān)聯(lián)詞的狀語從句，所以，要注意不能再次使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞。如：意不能再次使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞。如：Having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.He was told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.高考題點(diǎn)擊：高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. - Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? - _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing

48、up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting2. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. SleepingC. SleepD. Having slept不定式作目的狀語，還可用不定式作目的狀語，還可用in order to或或so as to來加強(qiáng)說話來加強(qiáng)說話的口氣。但的口氣。但so as to通常不用于句首。通常不用于句首。3. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A.

49、 LosingB. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose4. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hopelose oneself in sth. 表示表示“陷入陷入”，主語，主語 he 為為 lose 的賓語。的賓語。注意注意 hoping 為伴隨狀語而非目的狀語，真正的目的是后面的為伴隨狀語而非目的狀語，真正的目的是后面的 to get 。5.He hurried to the booking office only _that all t

50、he tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 動(dòng)詞不定式表結(jié)果狀語、往往表示出乎意料的，令人不快動(dòng)詞不定式表結(jié)果狀語、往往表示出乎意料的，令人不快的結(jié)果的結(jié)果; 句中

51、句中tell和句子主語和句子主語he之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。不定式的被動(dòng)式。油價(jià)上漲的必然結(jié)果就是油價(jià)上漲的必然結(jié)果就是reach a record,故用現(xiàn)在分詞故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。作結(jié)果狀語。7. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginningD. begun8. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to

52、help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help once 在此處為連詞，后面的分詞必須考慮到與句子主語在此處為連詞，后面的分詞必須考慮到與句子主語的關(guān)系。的關(guān)系。begin為及物動(dòng)詞，意為為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“開始、啟動(dòng)開始、啟動(dòng)”，與句子，與句子主語主語The research 為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故該用過去分詞。為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故該用過去分詞。本句要特別注意其邏輯主語。本句要特別注意其邏輯主語。注注1：非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主

53、語須與句子的主語一致，：非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語須與句子的主語一致，構(gòu)成主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。構(gòu)成主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。9. In order to improve English, . A. Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father 10. Having been attacked by terrori

54、sts, _. A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists Jenny給自己買很多磁帶以提高英語成績(jī)，故只有給自己買很多磁帶以提高英語成績(jī)，故只有B項(xiàng)的句子主語才和動(dòng)項(xiàng)的句子主語才和動(dòng)詞不定式表示的動(dòng)作一致詞不定式表示的動(dòng)作一致現(xiàn)在分詞和選項(xiàng)中的句子主語現(xiàn)在分詞和選項(xiàng)中的句子主語the tall building才保持一致，它們之間構(gòu)成才保持一致，它們之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

55、注注2： 表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時(shí)可由連接詞表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時(shí)可由連接詞while或或when引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。 11. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D.having compared 注注3：有時(shí)，：有時(shí)，“with或或without + 名詞（或代詞賓格）名詞（或代詞賓格）+ 分詞分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨狀況

56、。的結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨狀況。12. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on析：此處是連詞析：此處是連詞when + 分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。但分詞的主語分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。但分詞的主語和主句的主語必須為同一個(gè)。此處從句的主語是和主句的主語必須為同一個(gè)。此處從句的主語是we，compare 這個(gè)動(dòng)作是這個(gè)動(dòng)作是we主動(dòng)主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞表示。進(jìn)行的，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞表示。析：析： with結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀

57、語, 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，賓語和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，賓語和go on之間之間是正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作是正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作注注4: 當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時(shí)，分詞須有當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時(shí)，分詞須有自己的主語，構(gòu)成自己的主語，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中多作伴結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中多作伴隨狀語。亦可用來表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。隨狀語。亦可用來表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。13. _, the concert began. A. The listeners having taken their seats B. Having taken their seats C. Having t

58、aken their places D. Taking their seats14. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest_ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 析：獨(dú)立主格做狀語。主語析：獨(dú)立主格做狀語。主語concert 不可能執(zhí)行不可能執(zhí)行take the seat 這一動(dòng)作，必須加這一動(dòng)作，必須加the listeners 做邏輯主語做邏輯主語析：今天我先給你寄析：今天我先給你寄100美元美元, 其余的錢一年內(nèi)陸續(xù)寄過去。其余的錢一年內(nèi)陸續(xù)寄過去。 th

59、e rest和和to follow構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。不定式表主動(dòng)和將來。構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。不定式表主動(dòng)和將來。某些動(dòng)詞不定式常用作獨(dú)立副詞成分某些動(dòng)詞不定式常用作獨(dú)立副詞成分15. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given given 作狀語意為作狀語意為“考慮到考慮到”，意思相當(dāng)于，意思相當(dāng)于 considering。注意點(diǎn)注意點(diǎn)VIII、非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞

60、的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)使用非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候務(wù)必要注意非謂語動(dòng)詞和主句的謂語動(dòng)詞的先后關(guān)系以及它使用非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候務(wù)必要注意非謂語動(dòng)詞和主句的謂語動(dòng)詞的先后關(guān)系以及它和主句的語語之間的邏輯關(guān)系和主句的語語之間的邏輯關(guān)系(主動(dòng)主動(dòng)?被動(dòng)被動(dòng)?)1.I would love _to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have gonewould love to do sth=would like to do sth想要做事。想要做事。