英語：閱讀理解中的推理判斷題解題指導(dǎo)課件

1、閱讀理解閱讀理解高三解題指導(dǎo)高三解題指導(dǎo)高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求 要求考生讀懂簡易的英語文學(xué)作品、科普文章、要求考生讀懂簡易的英語文學(xué)作品、科普文章、公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章并回答相關(guān)問題?？忌鷳?yīng)能：性話題的簡短文章并回答相關(guān)問題?？忌鷳?yīng)能：、理解主旨要義；、理解主旨要義；、理解文中具體信息；、理解文中具體信息； 、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；、作出簡單判斷和理解；、作出簡單判斷和理解；、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；、理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度；、理解作

2、者的意圖和態(tài)度； 7 7、根據(jù)所讀，用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語補全文章提綱、根據(jù)所讀，用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語補全文章提綱、概括關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容或作要詞詞語轉(zhuǎn)換。概括關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容或作要詞詞語轉(zhuǎn)換。主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事實細節(jié)型事實細節(jié)型 詞詞 義義 猜猜 測測 型型命命 題題 類類因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下四種：有以下四種：推推 理理 判判 斷斷 型型 試試 卷卷 (江蘇江蘇)推理推理判斷判斷主旨主旨歸納歸納細節(jié)細節(jié)理解理解詞義詞義猜測猜測 2008 4 2 8 1 2009 72 5 12010年高考閱讀理解推理判斷題型中年高考閱讀理解推理判斷題型中要求考生能把握要求考生能把握文脈邏輯

3、關(guān)系文脈邏輯關(guān)系句與句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。閱讀理解專題-推理判斷題 1. Question forms: It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know that is most likely . When the writer talks about , what the writer really means is . The writer suggests that . The story implies that . We can infer conclude from the

4、 passage that . 這類題干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等標志性詞語。2.技巧點撥技巧點撥1).全面分析全面分析 2).忠實原文忠實原文3).不要選擇表層信息不要選擇表層信息1.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was

5、 about to die. Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle. （1分鐘）分鐘） The sound of this beetle _.A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.Practice:2. It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in a

6、fter you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）（依附）the underside will die. （1.5分鐘）分鐘） You can tell that rocks _.A. hurt sea animals B. protect sea animalsC. wont be found on beaches D. cant be found on beaches1. Question forms:The writers attitude to

7、ward is_.The writer thought that_.According to the author _.2.技巧點撥技巧點撥注意作者表達感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞及所舉的例子動詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。1.（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身體的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of em

8、otions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反應(yīng)). （2分鐘）According to the author, which of the following

9、 statements is true?A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.2. Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder

10、, bribery(行賄)，and death. Frankly，Im sick of all the bad news. This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform說明文中作者的態(tài)度: objective neutral在議論文中，有：(1)positive (2)negative(3)neutral (4)approval (5) disapproval(6) indifferent(7)ironic (8)critica

11、l (9)optimistic (10)pessimistic客觀的消極的漠不關(guān)心的贊成的不贊成的樂觀的悲觀的Taking notes:中立的積極的諷刺的批評的中立的1. Question forms:(1) 考查整篇文章的寫作目的考查整篇文章的寫作目的A. The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.B. What is the purpose of writing this article?C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _.(2) 考查某處細節(jié)的寫作意圖考查某處細

12、節(jié)的寫作意圖A. The writer uses the example ofto show that _.B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.C. are mentioned in the first paragraph to _. 2. 常見的寫作目的歸納常見的寫作目的歸納不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的, 但寫作目的通常有以下三種：(1) to entertain readers（娛樂讀者，讓人發(fā)笑）(2) to persuade readers（說服讀者接受某種觀點）(3) t

13、o inform readers（告知讀者某些信息）常見于常見于故事類故事類的文章。的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience常見于常見于廣告類廣告類的文章。的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience多見于多見于科普類新聞報道類文化類或科普類新聞報道類文化類或社會類社會類的文章的文章.1. “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up

14、by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. （1.5分鐘）The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage

15、 to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them2. A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the mans big famil

16、y-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused

17、 to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to

18、her husbands home. （3分鐘）分鐘） The writer wrote the story in order to_. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife 1. Question forms:The passage is most likely to

19、 be taken from_.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.2. 解題技巧解題技巧這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處：(1)報紙報紙 ：前面會出現(xiàn)日期、地點或通訊社名稱 (2)廣告廣告 ：因其格式特殊，容易辨認 (3)產(chǎn)品說明：產(chǎn)品說明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會告知服用時間、次數(shù)、藥量等 1.（全國卷）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle

20、 of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets(藥片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (緩解疼痛) take two tablets at

21、 bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.This text is most

22、probably taken from a _. （2分鐘） A. textbook B. newsreel(新聞片) C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicine2. More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受傷）（受傷）each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Weari

23、ng a seat belt（安全帶）（安全帶）saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear yo

24、ur belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility（責(zé)任）（責(zé)任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（發(fā)送）（發(fā)送）or co

25、llection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prov

26、e to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. （3分鐘）分鐘） This text is taken from _. A. a medical magazine B. a police report C. an advertisement（廣告）（廣告）D. a government information booklet （小冊子）（小冊子）More than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured（受傷）each year.you could be fined up to $ 50

27、Remember you may be taken to court you may be fined a police report2. 解題技巧解題技巧推測下文下文的內(nèi)容：根據(jù)作者的思路作者的思路進行推理推測上文上文的內(nèi)容：關(guān)注第一段關(guān)注第一段，特別是文段 開始的幾句話。1)推斷上下文內(nèi)容推斷上下文內(nèi)容1. Question forms:The next paragraph would most probably deal with _The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _. When early human

28、s hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed