手動(dòng)擋汽車駕駛技巧的基本知識要領(lǐng).doc

1、手動(dòng)擋汽車駕駛技巧的基本知識要領(lǐng)手動(dòng)擋汽車駕駛技巧的基本知識要領(lǐng) 駕駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)體現(xiàn)在操作的配合程度和配合方法上，手動(dòng)檔汽車駕駛技巧認(rèn)為正確的系統(tǒng)操作是保障安全的前提。方向盤就是手動(dòng)檔汽車駕駛技巧先提到的了 : 控制車身動(dòng)態(tài)方向，根據(jù)車速的不同與轉(zhuǎn)向角度的大小和轉(zhuǎn)向的速度，會出現(xiàn)不同的橫向加速度，也就是大家常聽說的“G值”。 G值作用在駕駛員和乘客上的表現(xiàn)是身體的傾斜和橫移的力，對與駕駛員來說，這勢必會影響操作乃至影響駕駛安全。作用在車身上的是懸掛的伸縮幅度和伸縮速度還有輪胎的橫向抓地力，伸縮幅度和伸縮速度影響著車身的過彎姿勢，危險(xiǎn)的是那超過安全幅度，產(chǎn)生側(cè)翻的時(shí)候 ; 而伸縮速度會影響這個(gè)車身姿勢

2、變化的速度 ; 在車輛轉(zhuǎn)彎的時(shí)候，車輛產(chǎn)生橫向加速力的時(shí)候，在輪胎還沒突破抓地力前，懸掛就是這個(gè)卸力的機(jī)構(gòu)，車速度越高、打方向越急，懸掛的卸力時(shí)間就越短，在懸掛還沒有足夠的時(shí)間卸力時(shí)，余下的能量就形成慣性，慣性超出安全值的時(shí)候，車子就出現(xiàn)了側(cè)翻在你意識到即將側(cè)翻，并且已經(jīng)形成趨勢時(shí)，這時(shí)候你能做的就是反打方向，利用速度加方向帶來的側(cè)向加速力去抵消“一邊倒”的慣性，并試圖讓懸掛盡早復(fù)位。輪胎，是這個(gè)橫向加速力的最終作用點(diǎn)，當(dāng)橫向加速力超出了論壇的橫向抓地能力時(shí)，就會出現(xiàn)輪胎橫向滑移 ; 輪胎滑移時(shí)，就脫離了原來的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡，如不做出正確的操作，車輛將失控。滑移距離視乎G值的大小。而 or equa

3、l to 200 mm, not more than 4 mm. 7.3.9 simmering bending production of square steel tube extension, to use the whole tube bending. Interface if necessary, the welding position should be located in the middle of the vertical arm. 7.3.10 install expansion joints should be done. If design is not requir

4、ed, pipe compensator lengthen should conform to the requirements in the following table: square scale length x is equal to 1/2.Pre stretch tolerance: casing + 5 mm, +10 mm.7.3.11 pipe form, location, spacing shall meet the design and specifications. 7.3.12 piping on back or return pipe at higher lev

5、els of the upper to automatic valve to install a drain valve below thehorizontal parts. 7.3.13 supports and hangers of checks and the number 1) hanger installed must be checked before installation of supports and hangers part models, specifications of springs setting values, whether the materials me

6、et the requirements of drawings and documents; 2) supports and hangers of material, size and accuracy shall conform to the provisions of the design drawings, material technical requirements should be consistent with national standards, industry standards and technical requirements related to the all

7、oy spectrum review should be carried out; 3) pipe supports and hangers part plant product quality certificate for each variable spring supports, constant support hangers, dampers, damper function, there should be factory calibrated test and performance test copies of the record. If necessary, review

8、 should be要讓車輛盡早恢復(fù)控制的有效方法就是向滑移的方向打方向，并力求一次到位( 在車輛的臨界狀態(tài)時(shí)，方向盤的任何細(xì)微動(dòng)作都會影響車身的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)和運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡，一次到位地打方向是讓這個(gè)軌跡變化的影響減少的有效方法。) ，讓方向輪跟這運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡去介入這種運(yùn)動(dòng)，以期用方向輪可控制的縱向抓地力去代替不可控制的橫向抓地力，最終取得車輛控制權(quán)的操作是理智的，這有賴于經(jīng)驗(yàn)和操作魄力。也是手動(dòng)檔汽車駕駛技巧希望大家做到的。手動(dòng)檔汽車駕駛技巧中的檔位把握是重中之重: 車輛變速齒輪的操控機(jī)構(gòu)，一個(gè)通過連桿或連線聯(lián)結(jié)齒輪撥叉操控齒輪組介入與退出傳動(dòng)總成的操控制桿。依據(jù)車輛的行進(jìn)速度、行進(jìn)方向和引擎的轉(zhuǎn)速，選擇

9、正確的檔位控制來配合達(dá)到各階段運(yùn)動(dòng)特性。理智的駕駛行為不是一昧地追求高檔位，應(yīng)當(dāng)讓每個(gè)檔位有足夠的發(fā)揮，在行進(jìn)的過程中讓引擎有效地發(fā)揮。根據(jù)不同路況，每個(gè)檔位還能擔(dān)起收放自如的角色。如何利用好引擎的轉(zhuǎn)速特性為駕駛意圖服務(wù)，是開手檔車的樂趣，也是經(jīng)驗(yàn)所在。摸熟了車的脾氣，這就是“點(diǎn)撥法”。所謂升檔容易降檔難，對手動(dòng)檔汽車的了解往往體現(xiàn)在適時(shí)降檔上。檔位的主要內(nèi)容有適時(shí)升檔、降檔提速和搶引擎制動(dòng)幾個(gè)方面。手動(dòng)檔汽車駕駛技巧對于檔位的分析還是很有獨(dú)到之處吧油門 : 單從字面上看，很容易讓人理解為類似于油泵那樣控制油路的通路開關(guān)，其實(shí)不然，手動(dòng)檔汽車駕駛技巧提到，油門or equal to 200 m

10、m, not morethan 4 mm. 7.3.9 simmering bending production of square steel tube extension, to use the whole tube bending. Interface if necessary, the welding position should be located in the middle of the vertical arm.7.3.10 install expansion joints should be done. If design is notrequired, pipe comp

11、ensator lengthen should conform to the requirementsin the followingtable: square scale length x is equal to 1/2. Prestretch tolerance: casing + 5 mm, +10 mm. 7.3.11 pipe form, location, spacing shall meet the design and specifications. 7.3.12 piping on back or return pipe at higher levels of the upp

12、er to automatic valve to install a drain valve below the horizontal parts. 7.3.13 supports and hangers of checks and the number 1) hanger installed must be checkedbefore installation of supports and hangers part models, specifications of springs setting values, whether the materials meet the require

13、mentsof drawings and documents; 2) supports and hangers of material, size and accuracy shall conform to the provisions of the design drawings,material technical requirements should be consistent with national standards, industry standards and technical requirements related to the alloy spectrum revi

14、ew should be carried out; 3) pipe supports and hangers part plant product quality certificate for each variable spring supports, constant support hangers, dampers, damper function, there should be factory calibrated test and performance test copies of the record. If necessary, review should be主要控制的是

15、引擎的進(jìn)氣閥門，在空氣流量計(jì)偵測到引擎進(jìn)氣量變化時(shí)，才會給電信號去控制油泵運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和噴油嘴的開合時(shí)間。手動(dòng)檔汽車駕駛技巧說，由于這是一個(gè)控制過程，理論上有個(gè)滯后時(shí)間，變化量越大，滯后時(shí)間越長; 可能在油門這個(gè)問題上，就如我們的腎上腺素分泌幾乎是同步的吧腎上腺素幾乎阻隔了對這細(xì)微滯后的感知。要讓油門有良好的反映就應(yīng)該把進(jìn)氣罰門控制的合適的開啟角度，也就是說要控制油門在一定的行程范圍內(nèi); 而這個(gè)范圍就是引擎的最佳運(yùn)行轉(zhuǎn)速區(qū)域，這就保證了足夠的動(dòng)力儲備; 由動(dòng)力儲備帶來的良好油門反映在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻起著主動(dòng)規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的決定因素。剎車 : 制動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)，動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)換為熱能的機(jī)構(gòu)( 可能這些都老掉牙了，那我再補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn)

16、:G 值的產(chǎn)生機(jī)構(gòu) ) 制動(dòng)力過大，容易使輪胎突破抓地力極限 ( 現(xiàn)在有了 ABS，這個(gè)問題也就可以忽略了 ) 。手動(dòng)檔汽車駕駛技巧也指出了幾個(gè)容易發(fā)生的問題，制動(dòng)過于頻繁，容易使剎車系統(tǒng)的熱量沒有及時(shí)散出去，再次剎車時(shí)突破了剎車機(jī)構(gòu)的熱容上限而導(dǎo)致剎車力衰退。手動(dòng)檔汽車駕駛技巧認(rèn)為剎車是讓車子停住的有效方法，但不是唯一方法，其實(shí)剎車還有一個(gè)好處，那就是控制車子的動(dòng)態(tài) (ESP就是通過剎車獨(dú)立控制達(dá)到控制車輛動(dòng)態(tài)的目的的 ) 。剎車還有個(gè) EBD(制動(dòng)力分配 ) ，可見剎車在車身動(dòng)態(tài)控制上是多么有效。在沒有 ESP甚至于沒有 EBD的車上，有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的駕駛員可以通過剎車和油門的交替使用來達(dá)到媲美E

17、SP的控制效果。由于普通的剎車是四 or equal to 200 mm, not more than 4 mm. 7.3.9 simmering bending production of square steel tube extension, to use the whole tube bending. Interface if necessary, the welding position should be located in the middle of the vertical arm. 7.3.10 install expansion jointsshould be done.

18、 If design is not required, pipe compensator lengthen should conform to the requirements in the following table: square scale length x is equal to 1/2. Pre stretch tolerance: casing + 5 mm, +10mm. 7.3.11 pipe form, location, spacing shall meet the design and specifications. 7.3.12 piping on back or

19、return pipe at higher levels ofthe upper to automatic valve to install a drain valve below thehorizontal parts. 7.3.13 supports and hangers of checks and the number 1) hanger installed must be checked before installation of supports and hangers part models, specifications of springs setting values,

20、whether the materials meet the requirements of drawings and documents; 2) supports and hangers of material, size and accuracy shall conform to the provisions of the design drawings, material technical requirements should be consistent with national standards, industry standards and technical require

21、ments related to the alloy spectrum review should be carried out; 3) pipe supports and hangers part plant product quality certificate for each variable spring supports, constant support hangers, dampers, damper function, there should be factory calibrated test and performance test copies of the reco

22、rd. If necessary, review should be輪剎車，并不是ESP的四輪獨(dú)立控制，所以剎車和油門的交替使用頻度、力度和使用時(shí)間是需要逐步經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累的操作。剎車意味著減速，減速的幅度對車輛行進(jìn)慣性有不同程度的遏制，遏制操作產(chǎn)生G值，通過安全帶作用在人體上( 前提是你系了安全帶，要不就等著就近的什么東西作用你吧，比如中控臺，比如擋風(fēng)玻璃。 ) 依照路況和制動(dòng)要求做出不同程度的制動(dòng)，是讓人舒服，車安全的操作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。離合 : 聯(lián)結(jié)引擎曲軸和變速箱傳動(dòng)杠上的兩個(gè)摩擦圓盤，自身帶有彈性機(jī)構(gòu) 壓盤，松離合時(shí)，靠的就是壓盤壓住兩個(gè)磨擦片的結(jié)合。手動(dòng)檔汽車駕駛技巧針對一般來說，沒有助力機(jī)構(gòu)的話

23、，我們能從離合的輕重程度對車子的動(dòng)力略知一二。手動(dòng)檔汽車駕駛技巧要我們慢接離合，這是由于汽車起步時(shí)，阻力大于動(dòng)力，慢接離合為的就是讓動(dòng)力一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)的作用于汽車的輪子，逐步克服阻力，但又要消除阻力對引擎轉(zhuǎn)速的影響而采取的必要操作 ; 但是，你能想象在兩個(gè)磨擦盤都處于高轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，這種接合方式帶來的摩擦損失嗎 , 所以，不要在行進(jìn)換檔時(shí)慢接離合，更不要在高速換檔時(shí)緩接離合在車子行進(jìn)過程中不要做吊離合的傻事，要徹底松開離合踏板，讓壓盤的彈性舒展開來，壓緊兩端摩擦片，讓彈性元件得到休息，這樣才不會導(dǎo)致彈性元件疲勞，離合壓不緊。or equal to 200 mm, not more than 4 mm. 7.

24、3.9 simmering bending production of square steel tube extension, to use the whole tube bending. Interface if necessary, the welding position should be located in the middle of the vertical arm. 7.3.10 install expansion joints should be done. If design is not required, pipe compensator lengthen shoul

25、d conform to the requirements in the following table: square scale length x is equal to 1/2. Pre stretch tolerance: casing + 5 mm, +10 mm. 7.3.11 pipe form, location, spacing shall meet the design and specifications. 7.3.12 piping on back or return pipe at higher levels of the upper to automatic val

26、ve to install a drain valve below thehorizontal parts. 7.3.13 supports and hangers of checks and the number 1)hanger installed must be checked before installation of supports and hangers part models, specifications of springs setting values, whether the materials meet the requirements of drawings an

27、d documents; 2) supports and hangers of material, size and accuracy shall conform to the provisions of the design drawings, material technical requirements should be consistent with national standards, industry standards and technical requirements related to the alloy spectrum review should be carri

28、ed out; 3) pipe supports and hangers part plant product quality certificate for each variable spring supports, constant support hangers, dampers, damper function, there should be factory calibrated test and performance test copies of the record. If necessary, review should be手動(dòng)檔汽車駕駛技巧之手剎車: 停車駐動(dòng)器，一般單

29、獨(dú)鎖緊車子的后兩輪。眼下也讓這個(gè)停車機(jī)構(gòu)擔(dān)當(dāng)新的角色，成為新興的“漂移熱”的利器。但是手動(dòng)檔汽車駕駛技巧告訴大家的是，專業(yè)賽車的手剎車都是經(jīng)過強(qiáng)化和左右輪剎車力平衡調(diào)教的，在運(yùn)動(dòng)中的車子，給左右兩輪施加不同的制動(dòng)力，后果可能是失控，所以手動(dòng)檔汽車駕駛技巧提醒大家后輪力度調(diào)節(jié)真要平衡適中。or equal to 200 mm, not more than 4 mm. 7.3.9 simmering bending production of square steel tube extension, to use the whole tube bending. Interface if neces

30、sary, the welding position should be located in the middle of the vertical arm. 7.3.10 install expansion joints should be done. If design is not required, pipe compensator lengthen should conform to the requirements in the following table: square scale length x is equal to 1/2. Pre stretch tolerance: casing + 5 mm, +10 mm.7.3.11 pipe form, location, spac