小學(xué)介詞專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、.小學(xué)介詞專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、 時(shí)間：1)in , on，at 在時(shí)in表示較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，如世紀(jì)、朝代、時(shí)代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in ones life , in ones thirties等。on表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚。如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Years Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Su

2、nday afternoon等。注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞。如：We meet every day.at表示表示某一時(shí)刻或較短暫的時(shí)間，或泛指圣誕節(jié)，復(fù)活節(jié)等在：at seven oclock, at a quarter past four, at eleven twenty, at noon, at night, at midnight, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of , at Christmas, at

3、 this moment等。1) My father usually goes to work _ (at, in, on) 8:00.2) The party will begin _ (at, in, on) 2:00pm.表示在早晨，下午，晚上：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening.1) We never go shopping _ (at, in, on) the evening.2) I get up at 7:30 _ (at, in, on) the morning.表示在具體某一天：on Monday, on Satu

4、rday, on Childrens Day, on June 22, 2006, on Teachers day1) Christmas is _ (at, in, on) December 25th.2) What is the first lesson（課）_ (at, in, on) Tuesday? 3) Mr. Web will go to Shanghai _ (at, in, on) Oct. 22nd.4) He often plays football with his friends _ (at, in, on) Sunday.5)   Ch

5、ildren dont go to school _(at, in, on) New Years Day.“在星期天的早晨”這一類(lèi)應(yīng)用on Sunday morning（具體一天早上）( ) 1. The girl usually practices the piano _ Saturday morning. A. on B. in C. at( ) 2. He left home _ a cold winter evening. A. at B. on C. in表示大約時(shí)間(about)：It's about six o'clock now. 現(xiàn)在大約6點(diǎn)鐘了。表示一段時(shí)間

6、(for)：for two years, (how long)（任何時(shí)態(tài)）表示一段時(shí)間之后(in)：in two days, (how soon)（將來(lái)時(shí)）after + 時(shí)間段，常用于過(guò)去時(shí)：這里的時(shí)間段一般不是具體時(shí)間，一般不說(shuō)after three days，而是three days after，但可以說(shuō) after a period of time，如：After a while, he came here.after + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)，可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)：After dinner I watch TV. 晚飯后我看電視。After five, he came here.一段時(shí)間+later/a

7、go，分別表示“(多久)以后/以前”，主要用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。after/before+某個(gè)時(shí)刻，分別表示“在某時(shí)刻之后/之前”，此時(shí)兩個(gè)詞是介詞。ago與before：ago只能用于過(guò)去時(shí), before用于完成時(shí)。如：He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一個(gè)事故).Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(數(shù)年后這個(gè)男孩成了著名的歌唱家).Have you been there before?(你從前到過(guò)那兒?jiǎn)幔?.After a few years he gave up smoking. (

8、過(guò)了幾年他戒了煙。)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，常用于完成時(shí)態(tài)：since three days ago，I have lived here since I was ten years old.until+時(shí)間點(diǎn)（特定的時(shí)間，某事發(fā)生）：直到為止，在之前not until+時(shí)間點(diǎn)（特定的時(shí)間，某事發(fā)生）：直到才He didnt turn up until half an hour later.（半小時(shí)后他才出現(xiàn)）as soon as 一.就when與while(1) when既指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指一段時(shí)間，while只指一段時(shí)間，因此when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可以是終止性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，

9、而while從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。(2) when 說(shuō)明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí)，也可以是先后發(fā)生；while 則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的過(guò)程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。(3) 由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，兩句都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用while引導(dǎo)，如：When the teacher came in, we were talking. 當(dāng)此句改變主從句的位置時(shí)，則為： While we were talking, the teacher came in. They were singing whi

10、le we were dancing. (4) when和while 還可作并列連詞。when表示“在那時(shí)”；while表示“而，卻”，表對(duì)照關(guān)系。如： The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike. 孩子們正要跑過(guò)去搬開(kāi)那袋米，這時(shí)他們聽(tīng)到了摩托車(chē)的聲音。He is strong while his brother is weak. 他長(zhǎng)得很結(jié)實(shí)，而他弟弟卻很瘦弱。時(shí)間相關(guān)的固定搭配：at first 起初；at last 最后at present 現(xiàn)在a

11、t the same time 同時(shí)on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)地in time 及時(shí)地at once 立刻；馬上in a minute 立刻in a hurry 匆忙地 in the end 相當(dāng)于 at last, finally, 是副詞,意思是“最后,最終,終于”如：In the end, she found the solution to the problem. (最后,她找到了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法.)at the end通常后邊要跟上其它成分, 即完整的形式是: at the end of sth, 意思是“在.的末尾，在.結(jié)束的時(shí)候”, 如：At the end of the month

12、, she finished the task. (在月末的時(shí)候,她完成了任務(wù).)at school 在上課，在上學(xué)（=in school 在求學(xué)、在上學(xué)）in hospital 住院at work 上班，在工作in class 在課堂上on duty 值日on holiday 度假at school表示“在學(xué)校、在上學(xué)”相對(duì)于在家里或在校外，強(qiáng)調(diào)所在場(chǎng)所或時(shí)間，如：My son is at school now. He is not at home or somewhere else. 我兒子現(xiàn)在在學(xué)校，他不在家，也不在別的地方。in school “在求學(xué)、在上學(xué)”相對(duì)于有工作，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的

13、身份是學(xué)生。如：My daughter still in school, She doesnt work.。 我女兒還在上學(xué)，她不在工作。in a / the school “在學(xué)?！?，不一定指上學(xué)。類(lèi)似的還有：in hospital “生病住院”in a / the hospital表“在醫(yī)院”（工作或探視病人等）on/during ones birthday不加介詞的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)：1. next, last, the next, the last 加時(shí)間名詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前可不用介詞。例如： He is going to meet my parents next week. 下周他要見(jiàn)我的父母。

14、 Who was on duty last week? 上周誰(shuí)值日？ 2. this, that, these, those 構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前可不用介詞。例如：（time、day例外） We are going to have a new English book this year. 今年我們將有一本新英語(yǔ)書(shū)。 He didn't go back that night. 那晚他沒(méi)有回來(lái)。 3. today, tomorrow, yesterday, the day before yesterday, the night before last, the day after tomor

15、row 前不用介詞。例如： Who is on duty today? 今天誰(shuí)值日？ He got up early yesterday. 昨天他起得早。 4. 由 one, any, each, every, some 等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前，可不用介詞。例如： Tom gets up at six every morning. 湯姆每天早晨 6 點(diǎn)鐘起床。 You can come to ask me any time you like. 在你方便的時(shí)候可以來(lái)找我。 5. 以 all 開(kāi)頭的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如 all the week, all day 等）之前，可以不用介詞 for。例如： She

16、 was busy all day yesterday. 她昨天忙了一整天2)in, after 在之后 “in +段時(shí)間”表示將來(lái)的一段時(shí)間以后； “after+段時(shí)間”表示過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間以后； “after+將來(lái)點(diǎn)時(shí)間”表示將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻以后。3)from, since 自從 from僅說(shuō)明什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始，不說(shuō)明某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)多久；since表示某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)至說(shuō)話時(shí)刻，通常與完成時(shí)連用。4)after, behind 在之后 after主要用于表示時(shí)間； behind主要用于表示位置。二、地點(diǎn)位置：1)at, in, on, to at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁邊”

17、，at the bookstore, at the bookshop, at the cinema, at Disneyland, at the park, at the third crossing, at the bus stop, at the station, at the restaurant. at home in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范圍之內(nèi)”。in the classroom, in the room on 表示毗鄰，接壤，“在上面”。on the road, to 表示在范圍外，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否接壤；或“到”, to the east of China2)abov

18、e, over, on 在上 above 指在上方, 不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直，與 below相對(duì)； over指垂直的上方, 與under相對(duì),但over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。 on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk.3)below, under 在下面 under表示在正下方 below表示在下，不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your

19、 name below the line.4)in front of, in the front of在前面 in front of意思是“在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，兩者互不包括；其反義詞是behind（在的后面）。 There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。) in the front of 意思是“在.的前部”，即甲物在乙物的內(nèi)部.反義詞是at the back of（在范圍內(nèi)的后部）。There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我們的教室前邊有一塊黑板。Ou

20、r teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我們的老師站在教室前.(老師在教室里)5）beside，behind beside 表示在旁邊 behind 表示在后面3.表運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞： across, through 通過(guò)，穿過(guò) across表示橫過(guò),即從物體表面通過(guò)，與on有關(guān)； through穿過(guò),即從物體內(nèi)部穿過(guò)，與in有關(guān)。4.表示“在之間”的介詞： between, among between指在兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物之間； among指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間。on the left和on the rightin和outnear

21、/next to5.表示其他意義的介詞1) on ,about 關(guān)于 on 表示這本書(shū)，這篇文章或演說(shuō)是嚴(yán)肅的，或?qū)W術(shù)性的，可供專(zhuān)門(mén)研究這一問(wèn)題的人閱讀； about表示內(nèi)容較為普通，不那么正式。2) by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 by 以方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具； with 表示用 工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段；in 表示用方式，用語(yǔ)言(語(yǔ)調(diào)、筆墨、顏色)等；3) except, besides 除了 except 除之外，不包括在內(nèi)； besides 除之外，包括在內(nèi)。 Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生沒(méi)

22、去) Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)on the radio 在廣播中on TV 在電視上播放on the Internet在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上on the phone通過(guò)電話on sale 出售；降價(jià)出售on the left/right 在左/右邊 on foot 步行 on the way 在路上/in the way 以什么方式laugh at 嘲笑learn from 向?qū)W習(xí)/ learn about/ learn by / learn to dolook after 照顧look for 尋找 / look ov

23、erthink of/think about/think overworry about 擔(dān)心listen to 聽(tīng)look at 看；注視talk about 交談；談/talk to/talk withwait for 等候；等thank for 為而感謝3)形容詞和介詞連用be afraid of 害怕be careful with 小心；關(guān)心be interested in 對(duì)感興趣be good at 善于be proud of 感到自豪in all 總體 be late for 干某事遲到in English 用英語(yǔ) be good for 對(duì)有利in short 總之 4）其他b

24、y+交通工具 by bus/train/plane/air/ship/bike/sea/landin bed 躺在床上 lots of/a lot of 許多，大量in danger 在危險(xiǎn)中 in fact 事實(shí)上 at least 至少in order to 為了( ) 1. Is there a river _ the house? A. toB. ofC. inD. behind( ) 2. Theyre running _ the playground. A. with B. in C. at( ) 3. Can we eat _ Guangzhou Restaurant today

25、? A. to B. of C. at( ) 4. She studies English _ Rose School _ England. A. at, from B. in, in C. at, in( ) 5 . A plane is flying _ the city. A. on B. over C. above( ) 6 .There are many apples _ the tree. A bird _ the tree is picking an apple. A. in ; on B. on ; in C. in ; at1. 有獨(dú)立意思的：1）with 和一起 并列的成分

26、分開(kāi)使用時(shí)用with I went to the garden _Tom. Liu Tao is going to visit his grandpa _his parents. with 帶有 The boy _is David. 那個(gè)有著一雙大眼睛的是大衛(wèi)。 The school_ is over there. 那邊的那個(gè)學(xué)校有34間教室。 The boy _in his hand likes reading. 那個(gè)手里拿著一本書(shū)的男孩很愛(ài)讀書(shū)。 with 用 Touch your head with your hands2）of “的” _， 新學(xué)期的第一天 _ 一張吉姆家人的照片_ 學(xué)

27、校的名字 of 量詞的運(yùn)用_ 一杯3) from .從，來(lái)自, 向Tom the UK. 湯姆來(lái)自于英國(guó)。The students learn English . 學(xué)生們從我這里學(xué)英語(yǔ)。4)about 關(guān)于（談話的內(nèi)容，故事的內(nèi)容，）They the weekends. 他們正在談?wù)撝苣?）on作“關(guān)于”講，表示論題。如： 一本關(guān)于收音機(jī)的書(shū)。6）like作“像”解，表示相似。如： 看起來(lái)像7）in表示“穿著”，“戴著”或“用某種語(yǔ)言、材料”等。如： 穿著紅色衣服的女人； 用英語(yǔ)講； 用墨水8）as作“作為”解，表示身份。 作為一個(gè)老師9) about(大約), over(=more tha

28、n)(多于，超過(guò)), below(=less than)(少于，不足)等介詞表示“數(shù)”about/ over/ below/ 2,000 people10) without表示“沒(méi)有”，“無(wú)”。 , there is nothing. 沒(méi)有水就沒(méi)有一切。11) by表示“通過(guò)交通工具、手段、通訊方式”等。如： 乘公共汽車(chē) 乘火車(chē) 乘飛機(jī) 乘船12). for表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或接受者（為、給，對(duì)于）、作為、目的、原因、時(shí)間、距離(計(jì)、達(dá))。What will we have ? 我們晚餐吃什么?Thank you so well. 感謝你如此盡心地教我們。Watching TV too much

29、your health. 看電視太多有害于你的健康。I usually do the running in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小時(shí)。We will stay there . 我們將在那里逗留兩天。Lets go for a walk. 我們出去散步吧。13). on, over, by作“通過(guò)”解，表示“途徑”。 如： 通過(guò)收音機(jī)； 通過(guò)電視； 乘公共汽車(chē)15) 固定詞組：look for look after on duty look at listen to of course get sth for sb stay in bed write an e-mail/a

30、 letter to. talk about talk to sb from to on foot 一、 選擇填空，并把其字母編號(hào)寫(xiě)在括號(hào)內(nèi)。( ) 1. Its time _ supper. A. atB. inC. onD. for( ) 2. Its no time _ school. Its time _ go back home. A. to, for B. to, to C. for, to( ) 3. Mr Brown comes _ America. A. atB. fromC. inD. to( ) 4. Whats this _ English? A. inB. atC.

31、onD. under( ) 5. Sometimes I go to school _ foot. A. byB. inC. onD. with( ) 6. Count （數(shù)）_ one _ ten. A. from, byB. from, toC. to, toD. at, to( ) 7.My sister is looking _ her new shoes now. A. atB. afterC. forD. to( ) 8. Its cold outside. Please _ your warm clothes. A. put inB. take offC. put onD. pu

32、t up( ) 9. The classroom is quite different _ that one. A. ofB. fromC. withD. like( ) 10. A: Do many children in our class often skate _ winter? B: Yes, they usually have fun _ winter. A. in, in B. on, on C. at, at( ) 11. A: Does the autumn start _ August? B; Sometimes it does. But usually it starts

33、 _ September. A. in, in B. on, on C. at, at( ) 12. I usually play table tennis _ school. A. after B. when C. by( )13. I like summer. Is it cool _ autumn? What _ summer? Oh, it is too hot. A. in, about on B. on, about on C. in, about in( ) 14. A: Do you listen to the radio _ a long time? B: No, I often listen to it _ twenty minutes. A. for, to B. for, for C. to, for( ) 15. When is May Day? Its _ the first of May. A. on B. in C. at( ) 16. They will move to the