初中英語形容詞與副詞專項(xiàng)講解與經(jīng)典練習(xí)

1、形容詞&副詞（學(xué)習(xí)材料）形容詞是用來表示人或事物的屬性或特征的詞，一般置于所修飾的名詞之前。表 示行為特征或性狀特征的詞叫副詞，它用來修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞以及其他副詞或整個(gè)句子。形容詞和副詞在語法結(jié)構(gòu)中可用于比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。一、形容詞的用法1 .形容詞可以修飾名詞和代詞，在句中作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。例如：He is a good actor.他是一名好演員。（定語）This bag is light, but that one is heavy.這只包很輕，但那只很重。（表語）We think it important to learn English well.我們認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語很重

2、要。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）2 .名詞化的形容詞某些形容詞前加定冠詞the，變成名詞化的形容詞。即“the形容詞”表示一類人或 事物，作主語時(shí)要求謂語用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。例如：The old today are taken good care o如今，老人受到了良好的照顧。The rich don ' t enjoy themselves.富人并不快樂。3 .形容詞的排序a. 一般情況下，形容詞放在被修飾的名詞之前。但是，當(dāng)形容詞修飾由some, any,every, no等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，要后置。例如：I have something important to tell you 我有重要的事情告

3、訴你。b.當(dāng)有幾個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，這些形容詞的位置由它們和被修飾名詞的關(guān)系和密切程度來決定。一般來說，關(guān)系最密切的最靠近被修飾的名詞，關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)的離被修飾的名詞也較遠(yuǎn)。例如：A beautiful little yellow flower is on the table. 一朵美麗的小黃花在桌上。二.副詞的用法副詞是用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞以及其他副詞的詞，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式 等概念。在句中常常作狀語，也可作定語和表語。1 .頻率副詞和程度副詞有 always, usually, quite, almost, nearly修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般放 在助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。例

4、如：He usually goes to school by bike.他通常騎自行車去上學(xué)。The boy can hardly say a word.那個(gè)男孩幾乎一言不發(fā)。2 .時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞一般放在句尾，如果這兩種副詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句中，則地點(diǎn)副詞放在時(shí)間副詞前面，也可將時(shí)間副詞放在句首。例如：They did homework in the classroom yesterday.昨天他們?cè)诮淌依镒髯鳂I(yè)。3 .修飾形容詞，一般情況下副詞放在前面，但是enough除外。例如：These flowers are very beautiful.這些花彳艮漂亮。He is old enough

5、 to go to school.他歲數(shù)夠大了,可以上學(xué)了。三.形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)構(gòu)成實(shí)例1單首 ij詞尾加-er或-est,例如long-longer-longestclean-cleaner-cleanestfew-fewer-fewestwarm-warmer-warmest規(guī) 則 變 化2以-e結(jié)尾的詞只加-r,或-st,例如Nice-nicer-nicest late-later-latest wide-wider-widest3以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，改y為i,再加-er或-est,例如busy-busier-busiest early-earlier-earliest4

6、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且只有一個(gè)車有音字母時(shí),先雙寫該字母,再加 -er或-est,例如 fat-fatter-fattestthin-thinner-thinnestred-redder-reddestbig-bigger-biggest5多詞和部分雙百f在其前力口 more,最局級(jí)在其前豕 most,例如 popular-more popular-the most popular形谷詞前力口 the） slowly-more slowly-most slowly （副詞前不加 the）6少數(shù)血J引有兩種變化的方式，例如friendly-friendlier-friendliest 或 frien

7、dly-more friendly-the most friendly（該詞 既可以做形容詞也可以做副詞）不 規(guī) 則 變 化1good-better-best well-better-best2ill-worse-worst bad/badly-worse-worst3many-more-most4little-less-least5old-older-oldest 或 old-elder-eldest older一般指年齡大小elder指長幼關(guān)系（一般修飾名詞作定語）;6far-farther/further-farthest/furthest.farther指距離更遠(yuǎn)；further指抽像

8、的.備注：最高級(jí)前面一般要加the四.形容詞變副詞許多形容詞后加后綴-ly變成副詞，如果形容詞是以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的話，則先 改y為i,然后再加ly.例如quick-quickly strong-strongly usual-usually heavy-heavilyeasy-easier busy-busily angry-angrily bright-brightlywonderful-wonderfully careful-carefully下面兩詞的變化稍有不同true-truly terrible-terribly需要注意的是，某些詞本身既可作形容詞，也可做副詞，這些詞有：hard,

9、 first, last, slow, fast, early, late等；另外 friendly, ugly, lovely 等詞雖以-ly 結(jié)尾，但這些詞本 身都是形容詞。五.含有形容詞原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的句型級(jí) 別意義及構(gòu)成示例原 級(jí)1. as+原級(jí)+as 與一.一樣”1. This box is as heavy as yours.2. Fresh water is as dear as oil in this area.2. not+so/as+® 級(jí)+as 與不一樣”1. She is not as energetic as she used to be.2. ToM

10、 s pronunciation isot as good ashis sister ' s.比 較 級(jí)1 .形容詞-er+than2 . more+形容詞+thanless+W容詞 +than 比.更.”1. I am four years 01d than he is.2. Now we speak more English than we did last term.3. It takes less time to go there by bus than by boat.4. The old man isn ' better health now than he was

11、 last year.5. The Summer Palace is more beautiful than any other park in Beijing.最高級(jí)1 .最高級(jí)+in/of2 . most+形容詞+in .least+形容詞+of .表示最”1. Autumn is the best season in Beijing.2. This is the most difficult of all the books here.3. The story is the least interesting of all.4. He ran most quickly in the sc

12、hool sports meeting.5. This is the most exciting matchI ' ve ever watched.有時(shí)比較級(jí)表達(dá)的 是最高級(jí)的意思1. He is quiter than any other student in class.2. Sydney is more beautiful than the other cities in the world.3. No human being has traveledfarther in space than the moon.4. We have never drunk a better wi

13、ne than this French one.如果有定語從句時(shí)， 用最高級(jí)1. He is the kindest person I have ever met.2. That is the worst film they have ever seen.形容詞&副詞(課后練習(xí))一、寫出下列形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1. fine2.quick3. little4.early5. slowly6. well7. interesting8. safe9. bravely10. far11. few12. thin二.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. The boy is the(tall)

14、of the two.2. It is(exciting) to travel by air than by sea.3. The river is the(deep) of all.4. He listens to the teacher(careful) than she.5. I write(good) than you.答案:1. fine -finer finest4. early -earlier -earliest6. well -better - best8. safe safer safest2. quick - quicker -quickest3. little - le

15、ss least5. slowly -more slowly -most slowly7. interesting - more interesting - most interesting9. bravely -more bravely -most bravely11. few dewer- fewest10. far farther farthest / far -further furthest12. thin thinner thinnest1. taller 2. more exciting 3. deepest 4. more carefully 5. better形容詞 &

16、; 副詞（學(xué)習(xí)測(cè)試卷）一、將下列形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~1. quick 2. easy 3. true 4. angry 5. terrible 二寫出下列形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1. nice 2. careful 3. beautiful 4. busy 5. hot 6. lovely 7. old 8. bad 9. clever 10. ill 三、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Tom is as (tall) as Jim.2. This is the (bad) film they have ever seen.3. Mary is four years (old) than Sere

17、na.4. This country is twice (big) than that one.5. Can you show me the (near) shop here?四、選擇填空1. Tony is of the two boys.A. the taller B. a taller C. the tallest D. a tallest2. The kind of skirt looksand sellsA. nice, wellB. nice, goodC. well, wellD. good, nice3. If you don t like the red coat, how

18、about the green one? OK, but do you havesize in green? This one is a bit small for me.A. a bigB. a biggerC. the bigD. the bigger4. Peter was tired that he couldn t continue running.A. veryB. tooC. so D. much5. I was at home yesterday, but I was not .A. alone; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. lonely alon