托福寫(xiě)作同義詞替換詞(全).doc

1、同義詞替換詞國(guó)內(nèi)考生常用的表達(dá)things that one tries hard1to do2 The fact is that ?3 joy4 sadness5 danger6 education7 advertisement/ advertising8 car9 economic crisis10famous peoplehuman beings （備考生使更得分的表達(dá)方式名詞one's undertakings/ one's commitmentsThe reality is that?happiness/delight/ enjoymentsorrow/ griefh

2、azard/ peril ( 后面這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)， 危險(xiǎn)程度非同一般 ) 派生 dangerous ； hazardousschooling （指學(xué)校教育，家庭教育則用 upbringing/ parenting ） 區(qū)分 家庭教育的兩個(gè)詞 upbringing 是從孩子的角度說(shuō)的，比如 children's upbringing ；而 parenting 是從家長(zhǎng)的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，比如 sensible parenting.如果你寫(xiě)過(guò)關(guān)于廣告的題目，就一定體會(huì)過(guò)不停輪換使用 advertisement/ advertising 有多郁悶。其實(shí)主體段論證中完全可以把廣告類細(xì)化，比如 comm

3、ercials （電視或者互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的廣告）， flyers （傳單廣告，北京最常見(jiàn)的形式就是“135* ，辦證”），billboards（大幅的廣告牌）或者 non-profitadvertisements=public-interest advertisements （公益廣告）Automobileeconomic meltdown （很接近） /recession （這個(gè)一般僅僅還是衰退） /the Great Depression （這個(gè)則是特指 1929 年開(kāi)始的那次了）celebrities （單數(shù)為 celebrity ）humanity （注意這個(gè)詞的單數(shù)指人類，復(fù)數(shù)11用過(guò)多）

4、指人文學(xué)科） /the human racefortune(s) （ fortune 作財(cái)富的意思時(shí)可以加復(fù)12 wealth13 相關(guān) rich14 skill15 派生 skilled數(shù)）wealthy/ affluent (adj.)注意這個(gè)詞的正確解釋是技能technique(或者方法，而不是technology 科技 )adept/ adroit (adj.)16 method17 field18 understanding of19 choice20 cooperationbasic structure in a city or21a country22 tiredness for

5、 a long time23 is a must of24 the Internet25 honesty26 strong belief27 aim28 worries29 influence30 influence on each other31 many different kinds ofwrong ideas held by many32people33 fame34 range35 sense36 part37 wise38 gapa system for a particular39purpose40 a solution to sth.41 bad students42 bad

6、behaviormethodology ( 國(guó)外學(xué)術(shù)寫(xiě)作中超級(jí)常用的詞，基本就是 method 的故作高深版）sphere/ domain/ arena grasp of/ command of Option collaborationInfrastructureFatigueis a prerequisite for （是 ? 的必備先決條件） the information highway( 一篇考生作文里Internet 被使用十幾次是常事兒) integrity faith (in) Intentionanxieties ( 是的，這兩個(gè)詞的確都可以加復(fù)數(shù)）impact/ reperc

7、ussion/ implicationmutual influence （類似的表達(dá)還有 mutual respect, mutual trust 和 mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay between A and Ba variety of a ? wide/ array of?/ideawrange?of ?Misconceptionsprestige/ sterling reputation spectrum recognitioncomponent （這個(gè)詞不僅指零件，在學(xué)術(shù)寫(xiě)作中也經(jīng)常指“部分”）相

8、關(guān) sensible (adj.)Disparity a mechanism for ,a remedy for sth.（生活中經(jīng)常指一種病的治療方法，但學(xué)術(shù)寫(xiě)作中經(jīng)常用來(lái)指某種問(wèn)題的解決方法，注意搭配的介詞不同） unruly students/ disruptive students unethical behavior/ immoral behavior43organizations that helppoor peoplecharities/ charitable organizations44differenceDistinction45 派生 be different fromb

9、e distinct from (adj.)46personIndividual47personalitydisposition48businessesenterprises （這里指企業(yè)）49prices that are too highexorbitant prices50the rate of ?the incidence of （ ?后面一般跟壞事兒，比如unemployment/ crime/ a disease）51intense enthusiasmzeal/ passion52cultural globalization（有過(guò)多人使用這個(gè)詞）global cultural h

10、omogenization53a thing that is necessarya necessity54a thing that is new andinterestinga novelty55a thing that is rarea rarity56things that people are notsure aboutUncertainties57a world languagea universal language58friendsCompanions59relaxationrecreation60self-respectself-esteem and dignity61respe

11、ct sb./ sth.hold sb./ sth. in high regard62 反義 look down on?treat ? with contempt despise=(v.)63self-controlself-discipline64criminalConvict65prisonerInmate66drinksalcoholic beverages67people who walk on thestreetPedestrians68old generations in historyAncestors69a person who benefitsfrom sth.a benef

12、iciary of sth.70a disease that spreadsan epidemic （注意這個(gè)詞雖然是-ic 結(jié)尾，卻quickly不是形容詞）71a very unpleasant way oflifeMisery adj-> miserable72a task that requires lots ofeffortan arduous task73emotionsentiment74enemyopponent/ foe75 narrow minds76 a way to do sth.77 hobby78 progress79 failure80 importance

13、81 duty82 difficultypressure from your83classmates84citizens who can workproblems or diseases that85exist for a long timea life without regular86exercise87 result88 thoughts89 the lack of knowledge90 harm (n.)insular minds （狹隘的頭腦或者觀念）an approach to doing sth./an avenue towardssth. pastime / diversio

14、nprogression （經(jīng)常指抽象的進(jìn)步，比如寫(xiě)關(guān)于 society/ career/ technology 的話題）setback （注意作名詞的時(shí)候中間不要加空格） significance （當(dāng)你用了一次 importance 之后，第二次不妨用這個(gè)）obligation （用于比較重要的責(zé)任）hindrance/ impediment/ hurdlespeer pressurelabor force/ workforce （都是總體概念，而且注意后面這個(gè)詞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寫(xiě)法中間沒(méi)有空格）persistent problems/chronic diseasesa sedentary life

15、styleconsequence （表示消極的結(jié)果更多一些） considerationsignorance （注意在地道英文里， 這個(gè)詞經(jīng)常并不表示“忽視”，而是表示“無(wú)知”）adverse effectdamage destroy/ ruin （這兩個(gè)詞比 damage程度更重） spoil（后面跟 the cityscape/ scenery/91harm (vt.)environment ） undermine （后面跟抽象概念，比如 stability/ social order/ harmony）jeopardize （后面跟抽象概念，比如one'sfuture/ one&

16、#39;s career ）tarnish （后面跟 one'sreputation/ image ）sap/ dampen （后面跟 one'senthusiasm/ interest/ confidence ）92 派生 harmfuldetrimental (adj.)93 派生 be harmful to pose a threat to94bad luckMisfortune95troubleadversity/ dilemma/ predicament/ hardship96crimeoffense/ criminal act97youth crime juveni

17、le delinquency98criminaloffender/ culprit/ perpetrator99serious crimeheinous crime/ felony100a minor crimea misdemeanor101shortage (of)scarcity (of)/ dearth (of)102the only onean exception103 places where animals live Habitat形容詞104worrying disturbing105very popularprevalent/ ubiquitous106TRUEgenuine

18、 (truly a genuinely)107deepprofound （深刻的，后面經(jīng)常跟wisdom/ truths/understanding/ impact/ thoughts）108strongpowerful/ mighty109weak vulnerable110hard-workingindustrious （注意不是 industrial ，而 diligent 那個(gè)詞在美語(yǔ)中是個(gè)挺大的詞）111very disappointingLamentable 可悲的 / pathetic112be good (for)be beneficial (to) = be in the b

19、est interests (of)113be not as good asbe inferior to114be better thanbe superior to115uninterestingmundane （注意這個(gè)詞其實(shí)再美國(guó)很多時(shí)候并116many不是“世俗的”意思 /humdrum（注意要跟可數(shù)名詞）numerous117complicatedIntricate118strangeodd/ bizarre/ eccentric （單 weird 有點(diǎn)過(guò)于口語(yǔ)化了）119cannot be turned backbe irreversible120produce useful re

20、sultsProductive121practical realistic122maturesophisticated （這個(gè)詞指人的時(shí)候意思是思維成熟老練的）123selfishself-centered/ materialistic/ego-centric124proud （貶義）Conceited125suitableFitting126most suitableOptimal127lonelyisolated/ alienated128aloneSolitary129 be easily influenced by sth.130 is better than131 not as go

21、od as?132 be the same133 interesting134 boring135 useless136 smart137 famous138 positive139 happy140 enjoyable141 can be used142 hard to understand143 (laws/ rules/ people) not strict144 healthy145 good for the envrionment146 nervous/ anxious147 doubt sth.148 fair149 unfair150 huge151 small152 have

22、many different abilities153 be familiar with154 very successful/ admirable155 proper156 typical157 exact158 uglybe susceptible to sth. （一般是壞事情，比如 a disease/ attacks ）is superior tois inferior tobe identical/ be homogenous/ be uniform （后面兩個(gè)詞比較正式，一般是說(shuō) cultural globalization的時(shí)候常用，現(xiàn)在理解為什么小幅的名詞叫 school u

23、niforms 了吧，就是讓大家都看起來(lái)一樣的衣服）stimulatingmonotonous/ repetitiveRedundantIntelligentRenowneddesirable/ encouragingDelightedDelightfulbe availablebewildering/ baffling/ confusingLenientwholesome （注意說(shuō)人的健康還是要用healthy ，但是如果說(shuō)事物有益健康，就可以用wholesome ）eco-friendly （比如 Biking is far more eco-friendlythan driving th

24、eir SUVs. ）apprehensivebe skeptical about sth.justifiedunwarranted/ unjustifiableenormous/ massive/ vast/ colossaltiny/ miniscule （后面一般跟抽象名詞）be versatile/ be well-roundedbe well-acquainted withDistinguishedAppropriatequintessential （這個(gè)語(yǔ)氣非常強(qiáng)）precise/ accurateUnsightly159poor-qualitysubstandard(housin

25、g/ accommodation/ work/goods/ machines)the current ? / the existing （比如? the current160the present ?financial crisis/ the existing environmentalproblems)161outdatedantiquated/obsolete162highly-respectedEsteemed163complete(adj.)/ wholeEntire164spend a lot of moneylead an extravagant/ a lavish life165

26、openenlightened/ progressive（開(kāi)明的，逐步的，經(jīng)常用來(lái)形容 govern-ment或者 society ）166sth. must be carried out sth. is compulsory/ sth. is mandatory167with long history（后面經(jīng)常跟抽象名詞，比如time-honoredtradition/ practice/ methods/ heritage）168continuing foreverPerpetual169importantsignificant essential vital( 這三個(gè)詞的重要性依次遞增

27、)170very attractivevery appealing/ fascinating/ captivating171very carefulCautious172be very interested inbe absorbed in/ be engrossed in173be qualified forbe eligible for174disappointingFrustrating175wrongErroneous176long and a bitLengthyannoying177very difficultdaunting/ formidable178being spread

28、inrampant（后面經(jīng)常跟負(fù)面現(xiàn)象，比如crime,uncontrolled waypollution或者 discrimination ）179cruelinhumane/ merciless180fatoverweight/ obese （后面這個(gè)已經(jīng)胖出病了）181having wrong opinionsskewed/ biased （這兩個(gè)詞一般在 IELTS 媒體類話題使用，表示 “有偏見(jiàn)的”）182including many thingscomprehensive （綜合的，全面的）183enoughadequate/ sufficient/ ample/ abundant

29、 （注意這四個(gè)詞的語(yǔ)氣是逐漸遞增的)184too muchExcessive185very littleminimal（注意不是 minimum ）186 cause bad effects187 strict188 urgent189 quiet190 make sth. strong191 make sth. weak192 make sth. better193 make sth. worsecontrol?(a negative194trend)195 stop196 manage sth.197 appear198 die out199 fail to see200 set ? fr

30、ee201 beginnarrow/ bridge the gap202 between A and B( 注意這里 bridge 作動(dòng)詞）203 be forced to do sth.keep complaining204about sth.205 try hard to do sth.206 do sth.207 do not do sth.208 carry out209 turn ? into ?counterproductive （其實(shí)地道英文寫(xiě)作里這個(gè)詞不見(jiàn)得和生產(chǎn)有關(guān)， 只要阻止人們達(dá)到目的， 都可以寫(xiě)它 counterproductive)stringent （后面一般跟la

31、ws, measures或者 rules ）pressing (problems)tranquil and serene （美語(yǔ)中這兩個(gè)詞經(jīng)?？梢赃B在一起用）動(dòng)詞strengthen/ fortify/ reinforce/ consolidate sth.weaken/ erode （侵蝕）enhance/ better （很少看到國(guó)內(nèi)考生用 better 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞，其實(shí)在學(xué)術(shù)寫(xiě)作中 better sth 是.挺常見(jiàn)的表達(dá) ）aggravate/ exacerbate sth.curb ?(crime/ pollution/ economic recessions)Cease regulate

32、 sth./oversee sth.emerge/ arise （后者的主語(yǔ)一般是抽象概念，比如 debate ） goextinct neglect/overlookrelease (prisoners/ stress)commence/ initiate ( 后者跟抽象概念更多，比如 initiate the conflict)反義 widen the gap between A and B be compelled to do sth.grumble about sth. pursue sth.(one's goal/one's career/ business inte

33、rests/ maximum profit/ hegemony) perform/ conduct （注意這里的 perform 不是“表演”而是“從事”）refrain from doing sth.Implementconvert ? to/ into?210 decrease211 make a crime212 commit a crime again213 punish214 派生 punishment215 spread216 develop fast217 develop （這里作“培養(yǎng)”的意思218 相關(guān) fast-developing219 accept220 build22

34、1 gather222 measure223 teach sth.224 start225 support226 praise227 support228 prove/ confirm229 createdecline/ dwindle （特指逐漸緩慢的減少） / dip/ slip (后兩個(gè)詞用來(lái)指短促的下降 )commit a crime （注意作文中不要用 make a crime 這樣不地道的英文）revert to crime （這里的 crime 作不可數(shù)名詞）PenalizePenaltypropagate/ disseminate （這兩個(gè)詞后面經(jīng)常跟 information/

35、 ideas/ belief 這類名詞） flourish/ thrivecultivate/ foster/ nurture （這三個(gè)詞后面經(jīng)常跟和教育有關(guān)的名詞，比如 an interest in social issues ）Burgeoningadopt （注意這個(gè)詞不是 adapt 適應(yīng)，而是接納，采納的意思）Constructgarner ，但這個(gè)詞只能用在很正式的意思，而且略有貶義，比如 garner funding, garner support during the UN climate conference at Copenhagengauge, 比 measure 稍正式

36、一點(diǎn)impart sth./ inculcate sth.（注意如果teach 后面是人則不要替換）initiate 多用于政府類話題espouse ，后面跟某種重要的事業(yè)，類似的還有動(dòng)詞 champion （作動(dòng)詞不是冠軍的意思了）和動(dòng)詞 sanction （它作名詞則變成了“制裁”） compliment/ extol （后面這個(gè)語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)） buttress/ bolsterVerifygenerate （一般是大規(guī)模的產(chǎn)生，比如generateemployment opportunities/ generate tax revenue/electricity) breed （一般是產(chǎn)生消

37、極的東西，比如conflict/ crime/ resentment） spawn （一般是產(chǎn)生新事物，比如spawn inventions/ innovations）230 use231 use? again232 work hard233 get234 consider235 meet236 provide sth.237 need238 like sth. very much239 be unhappy about240 ask for241 raise242 look like sth.243 treat ? poorly244 consider sth. valuable245 ke

38、ep246 mix? together247 solve248 noticeunderstand ?to249mean ?/ to be ?choose sth./ choose to250do sth.251achieveappear in large252numbers253 make ? less serious254 pay? for (one's loss) utilize/exploit Recyclework assiduously acquire （注意 acquire/ gain knowledge比learn knowledge在地道英文中更加常見(jiàn)）contempl

39、ate/ reflect on/ponderencounter ，多用于政府，文化或者 success 這樣偏大一些的話題afford sth. （在正式英文寫(xiě)作中， afford 經(jīng)常可以表示“提供”require （注意主語(yǔ)如果是人稱則一般還需要使用 need ，但如果主語(yǔ)是事物，則可以改用 require ）have an affinity for sth./ have a strong attachment to plain about (v.)/ be discontended with (adj.)Requestelevate ，就是正式版的 raise ，但只是“提

40、高”而不能表示撫養(yǎng)小孩的意思resemble sth.mistreat? / abuse ?value sth./ treasure sth./ cherish sth. maintain/ preserve （這個(gè)詞后面經(jīng)常跟traditions/ cultural heritage/ wild animals/ natural resources 等）blend/ combine/ synthesizetackle/ combat/ addressDiscerninterpret ? as（ ?很多時(shí)候這個(gè)詞并不是口譯，而是把 ?理解為 ? ）opt for sth./ opt to do

41、 sth.fulfill (one's dream/ one's goal/ one's potential/one's obligation/ one's promise/ one's task)sprout up/ mushroomrelieve/ ease/ alleviate （作文中經(jīng)常用到的搭配有 relieve stress/ alleviate poverty/ ease the trafficcongestion 等）compensate ? for ?255 pay? for (one's effort)256 mak

42、e sth. faster257 join258 outweight259 contribute toprevent the260development of?261find out262encourage sb. to?263 like sth. very much264 dislike sth. very much265 hate266 limit267 avoid268is not limited to?269 be so surprised270 decide271 move to ?272 come from ?273 improve274 waste275 attack276 re

43、duce277 increase278 help279 help (n.)280 set up281 try to do sth.282 try hard to do sth.283 changereward ? for ?accelerate sth./ speed up sth.participate inprevail over （大家應(yīng)該已經(jīng)注意到了，新托福議論文的題目中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn) outweight 這個(gè)詞用來(lái)比較事物的重要性或者利弊， 在作文中最好不要重復(fù)考題中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的特征詞匯）promote/ facilitate （這兩個(gè)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞，所以不需要跟 to ）hinder/imp

44、ede/ inhibit/ obstruct? identifymotivate sb. to,adore sth.abhor/ detest/ loatheresent/ hold a grudge againstrestrict/ constrain bypass/ eschew/ shunis not restricted to? / is not confined （經(jīng) to 常用 ?來(lái)描述一個(gè) trend不僅限于某個(gè)范圍）be astonished/ be astounded/ be startledDeterminerelocate to ? / have been relocated to?originate from/ in?boost/ enhance （比如 boost solidarity增進(jìn)團(tuán)結(jié)/ enhance productivity 提高生產(chǎn)率） use ? lavishlyassail （語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)烈）curtail （多用于政府投資類話題） /diminish （多用于文化類或者發(fā)展類中的抽象話題）augment （多用于政府投資類話題）AssistAssistanceEstablishattempt to do s