聚丙烯工藝中英文描述

1、unipol pp process descriptionunipol pp工藝過程描述1description of the contract plant 合同工廠描述2unipol pp process unit unipol聚丙烯工藝裝置3auxiliary process facilities 輔助工藝裝置unipol pp process descriptionunipol pp工藝過程描述1 description of the contract plant 合同工廠描述the contract plant consists of a polypropylene process u

2、nit designed to produce 400 kta of pelleted polypropylene from propylene based on unipol pp technology licensed by union carbide chemicals & plastics technology llc, a subsidiary of the dow chemical company. the unipol pp process is a low-pressure gas-phase fluidized bed process for the manufact

3、ure of pp resins.合同工廠包含一套基于unipol pp 技術(shù)的生產(chǎn)40萬噸/年的聚丙烯工藝裝置，該技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓自陶氏化學(xué)公司下屬的聯(lián)合碳化物（聯(lián)碳）化學(xué)和塑料技術(shù)公司。 unipol pp 工藝技術(shù)是一項用于生產(chǎn)聚丙烯樹脂的低壓氣相流化床工藝。in addition to the unipol pp process, resin handling and blending facilities are also included in the contract plant battery limits. other auxiliary facilities include uti

4、lity distribution, flare and plant infrastructure systems. the pdp provides adequate information to allow these systems to be easily designed by the engineering contractor, resulting in savings to the licensee. the product bagging area is outside the contract plant battery limits and will be designe

5、d by the licensee. 在unipol pp 工藝之外，樹脂處理和摻混也包括在本合同工廠范圍之內(nèi). 其他輔助工藝設(shè)施包括公用工程分配，火炬，工廠基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。工藝包提供了足夠的信息使工程承包商能很容易的設(shè)計這些系統(tǒng),從而使專利受讓方節(jié)省投資. 產(chǎn)品包裝區(qū)域是在合同工廠之外，由該技術(shù)買方設(shè)計。2unipol pp process unit unipol聚丙烯工藝裝置the unipol pp plant isbl is comprised of the following process areas. unipol聚丙烯工廠界區(qū)由下列工藝單元組成：a.raw material supp

6、ly and purification 原料供應(yīng)和精制b.propylene purification丙烯精制c.reaction聚合反應(yīng)d.resin degassing樹脂脫氣e.vent recovery尾氣回收f.resin additive handling添加劑的加入g.pelleting造粒each is described in detail in the following sections. no catalyst preparation is necessary shac catalyst is delivered to the plant ready to use. n

7、o gas/solid separation is needed due to the unique design of the reactor and product discharge system. the process units listed above are included in the licensors process design package (pdp). 每一單元都將在下面的章節(jié)詳細(xì)描述催化劑制備是不需要的，因為賣方會將直接可用的shac催化劑運到工廠。由于特殊的反應(yīng)器和產(chǎn)品下料系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計，也無需單獨的氣固分離裝置以上所列的工藝裝置都包含在專利商的工藝設(shè)計包(pd

8、p)中a.raw material supply and purification (part 1) 原料供應(yīng)及精制（第1部分）ethylene, nitrogen, and hydrogen are delivered to the battery limits by pipeline. co-catalyst, t2, is received from vendor shipping containers with these shipping containers stored in the isbl area.乙烯，氮氣和氫氣通過管線送至界區(qū)邊界。助催化劑三乙基鋁則來自儲存在界區(qū)內(nèi)的廠

9、商運輸過來的儲罐。ethylene from battery limits is compressed to 635 psig in the ethylene compressor (k-1003) and heated to 100°c in the ethylene preheater (e-1006) before passing through the co removal vessel (c-1008). the ethylene is then cooled down to 40°c in the ethylene after-cooler (e-1010) b

10、efore being fed to the ethylene dryer (c-1012) for removal of water, miscellaneous polar compounds and carbon dioxide. finally, ethylene is passed through the ethylene filter (y-1002) to remove particulate contamination before it is sent to the reaction area.從界區(qū)外來的乙烯先經(jīng)過乙烯壓縮機(k-1003)壓縮至635 psig，然后通過乙

11、烯預(yù)熱器(e-1006)加熱至100°c，再進(jìn)入脫一氧化碳床(c-1008)。然后乙烯通過乙烯后冷卻器(e-1010)冷卻至40°c， 再通過乙烯干燥器（c-1012）以除去水、各種極性成分和二氧化碳。最后，乙烯再經(jīng)乙烯過濾器（y-1002），去掉顆粒雜質(zhì)，而后才被送至反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)。nitrogen is received from the boundary limits and the flow is split between different end users. nitrogen not requiring purification is passed through

12、 a filter (y-1101) before being sent to the process. purification bed regeneration nitrogen is fed directly to the n2 regeneration heater (e-2114) without purification or filtration. nitrogen for both purified and high pressure purified end uses is passed through the nitrogen dryer (c-1112) to remov

13、e water. from the dryer outlet, nitrogen passes through the nitrogen filter (y-1115) to remove particulate contamination. a portion of this filtered nitrogen is fed to a small booster compressor (k1102) which is used to increase the pressure of the nitrogen to its normal operating pressure of about

14、660 psig (4,551 kpag) for feed to the pp reaction system. high pressure nitrogen is passed through a filter (y1116) to remove particulate contamination prior to being fed to the process. 由界區(qū)外來的氮氣分流至不同的最終用戶。不需要精制的氮氣，只需在送至工藝區(qū)之前通過過濾器(y-1101)。 精制床再生氮氣不需要經(jīng)過精制或過濾就可直接送到氮氣再生加熱器(e-2114)。 需要精制的氮氣和高壓精制的氮氣會經(jīng)過氮氣

15、干燥床(c-1112)去除水。從干燥床出來的氮氣經(jīng)過氮氣過濾器（y-1115）去除顆粒雜質(zhì)。 這股過濾氮氣的一部分會進(jìn)入一個小的壓縮機(k-1102)， 升高氮氣的壓力至進(jìn)入聚丙烯反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)的正常操作壓力 660 psig (4,551 kpag)。 高壓但其在進(jìn)入工藝系統(tǒng)之前通過一個過濾器(y-1116)去除顆粒雜質(zhì)。 hydrogen from the boundary limits is passed through the methanator heater (e-1204) which increases the hydrogen temperature to between 100&

16、#176;c and 150°c. at that temperature, the hydrogen enters the methanator (c-1205) for the removal of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. the catalyst contained in the methanator converts the co and co2 to methane and water. methane is an inert in unipol reactor. the hydrogen leaving the methan

17、ator is cooled in the methanator aftercooler (e1206). from the aftercooler, hydrogen passes through the hydrogen dryer (c-1207) for the removal of both the water contained in the incoming hydrogen and that formed through the methanation reaction. the hydrogen then passes through the hydrogen filter

18、(y-1211) to remove particulate contaminants before it is sent to the reaction system. 來自界區(qū)的氫氣通過甲烷化預(yù)熱器（e-1204）將氫氣溫度升至100°c至150°c之間。 在此溫度下，氫氣進(jìn)入甲烷轉(zhuǎn)化器(c-1205)去除二氧化碳和一氧化碳。在甲烷轉(zhuǎn)化起中的催化器將一氧化碳和二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化成甲烷和水。 甲烷在unipol反應(yīng)器中是一種惰性氣體。離開甲烷轉(zhuǎn)化器的氫氣在甲烷化后冷卻器(e-1206)中進(jìn)行冷卻，然后氫氣通過氫氣干燥器(c-1207)去除進(jìn)料氫氣中所含的水和在甲烷化反應(yīng)中生成的

19、水。 脫水后的氫氣然后通過氫氣過濾器(y-1211)除去顆粒雜質(zhì)， 然后進(jìn)入反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)。 liquid t2 is fed under nitrogen pressure from its respective shipping containers to the liquid full t2 feed pot (c-1505). the feed pot has a two hour hold time and is equipped with level indication to indicate when t2 container change out is required. from

20、 the t2 feed pot the liquid t2 flows to the alkyl charge pumps (g-1503/g-1504). the pumps build pressure to roughly 3.9 mpag for feeding the h/r reactors and 3.1 mpag for feeding the impact reactor. all vents from the system are routed to seal pot (c-1502) equipped to trap emissions for later dispos

21、al. 液態(tài)三乙基鋁在氮氣壓力下從其運輸罐進(jìn)入烷基鋁進(jìn)料罐（c-1505）。該進(jìn)料罐有兩小時的保持時間并裝有料位計以便了解何時容器排空。三乙基鋁從進(jìn)料罐進(jìn)入烷基鋁送料泵（g-1503/g-1504）。送料泵將壓力增至3.9 mpa（表壓）以進(jìn)入抗沖共聚反應(yīng)器，增至3.1 mpa（表壓）以進(jìn)入均聚和無規(guī)共聚反應(yīng)器。系統(tǒng)中的排放物都收集在密封罐（c-1502）中，等待將來進(jìn)一步處理。a mineral oil system consisting of a drum pump (g-1514) and blow tank (c-1512) is provided for flushing eleme

22、nts of the alkyl system prior to maintenance. waste mineral oil/alkyl is collected in the seal pot (c-1502). periodically, the seal pot is drained and recharged with fresh mineral oil. the drained mineral oil/alkyl mixture is transferred to disposal tanks for offsite disposal. 在進(jìn)行維修之前，會使用一個由回轉(zhuǎn)泵（g-15

23、14）和礦物油卸料罐（c-1512）組成的礦物油系統(tǒng)來沖洗烷基鋁系統(tǒng)。廢礦物油/三乙基鋁收集在密封罐（c-1502）中，密封罐定期的排放并重新注入新鮮的礦物油。 排放的廢礦物油/三乙基鋁混合物將轉(zhuǎn)移到處理罐送到界區(qū)外處理。b.propylene purification (part 2) 丙烯精制（第2部分）facilities are provided to purify and pump propylene to the reactor. trace amounts of catalyst poisons, such as water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ca

24、rbon monoxide, alcohols, and ketones are reduced to acceptable levels in the purification system. 這部分包括精制液態(tài)丙烯以及將丙烯泵入反應(yīng)器的設(shè)施。微量的反應(yīng)毒物例如水，氧，二氧化碳，一氧化碳，乙醇和酮等在精制系統(tǒng)內(nèi)被減至聚合反應(yīng)可以接受的水平。liquid propylene from the battery limits feeds directly into the propylene degassing column (c2008). the column is equipped with

25、 a water-cooled condenser (e2009) and a steam-heated reboiler (e2010). cooling water pressure for the condenser is boosted with the degassing column condenser water pump (g-2007). a small stream of overhead gas, containing propylene and stripped light contaminants (o2, co, co2, etc.), is vented to b

26、attery limits. the bottom product passes through the propylene cooler (e2011). from the cooler the propylene passes through one of two propylene dryers (c-2016 and c-2018) for removal of any trace water and other remaining polar compounds.液態(tài)丙烯從界區(qū)邊界直接進(jìn)入丙烯脫氣塔（c-2008）。塔上裝有一臺水冷的冷凝器（e-2009）和一個蒸汽加熱的再沸器（e-

27、2010）。冷凝器的冷卻水靠脫氣塔冷凝水泵（g-2007）泵出。一小股含有分離出的輕組分雜質(zhì)（氧氣、一氧化碳、二氧化碳等）的塔頂餾出氣體被送出界區(qū)。塔底排出物則流經(jīng)丙烯冷卻器（e-2011）。經(jīng)過丙烯冷卻器后，丙烯直接進(jìn)入兩臺丙烯干燥床(c-2016, c-2018)中的一臺去除任何殘存的痕量水和其它殘留的極性化合物。following polar impurity removal, the propylene pressure is boosted by the propylene charge pump (g2012). the propylene is then filtered thr

28、ough the propylene filter (y2020) for removal of particulate contaminants and flows forward to the reaction system. 在脫除了丙烯中的極性雜質(zhì)后，接著使用丙烯加料泵（g-2012）增加丙烯壓力。丙烯然后通過丙烯過濾器（y-2020）以去掉顆粒雜質(zhì)，進(jìn)入反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)。nitrogen from the supply header is heated by the regeneration heater (e2114) to the required temperature for reg

29、eneration of the purification beds in part 1 and part 2. 從供應(yīng)源頭來的氮氣由再生加熱器(e-2114)加熱至第一和第二部分的精制床再生需要的溫度。 the propylene purification area design will include a drain line from each purification bed which will allow propylene in the purification beds to be drained back to the degassing column prior

30、 to regeneration, prior to removing a bed from service, or for other operational/maintenance reasons. the degassing column (at the outlet of the propylene cooler) will also have a drain line to the osbl to also allow the draining of propylene from the column for similar operational/maintenance reaso

31、ns. the licensors standard practice for draining propylene from equipment uses high pressure nitrogen. 丙烯精制區(qū)的設(shè)計將為每個精制床安裝一條排放線，這樣就可以將精制床里所含的任何丙烯在再生、床層停止操作、或任何其他操作/維護(hù)活動之前送回到脫氣塔。基于同樣的原因，（位于丙烯冷卻器輸出端的）脫氣塔本身也會配有一條排放線，以便把丙烯排向界區(qū)外。專利轉(zhuǎn)讓方的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操要求在排放設(shè)備中的丙烯時使用高壓氮氣。c.reaction (part 4a) 聚合反應(yīng)（第4a部分）the polymerization

32、 reaction takes place in a fluidized bed reactor (c4001) at a nominal pressure of 3.38 mpag and a nominal temperature of around 67° c. catalyst and reactants are fed continuously to the reactor, and the granular product is removed intermittently. reactants in the vapor phase are continuous

33、ly cycled from the reactor through a centrifugal cycle gas compressor (k4003) and water-cooled cycle gas cooler (e4002) and back through the reaction bed. this cycle gas flow serves to fluidize the reaction bed for good back mixing, supply raw materials to reaction sites, and remove heat generated b

34、y the exothermic polymerization reaction.聚合反應(yīng)是在流化床反應(yīng)器（c-4001）內(nèi)在3.38 mpa （表壓）的公稱壓力和約67ºc的公稱溫度下發(fā)生。催化劑和反應(yīng)物被連續(xù)加入反應(yīng)器，而產(chǎn)品粉料則以批次的方式被移出反應(yīng)器。氣相中的反應(yīng)物不斷地離開反應(yīng)器，經(jīng)過離心式循環(huán)氣壓縮機（k-4003）和水冷的循環(huán)氣冷卻器（e-4002）， 再回到反應(yīng)器。這股循環(huán)氣的功能包括對反應(yīng)器中的固體床層進(jìn)行流化以達(dá)到充分的返混、將原料帶入反應(yīng)器，并移走聚合反應(yīng)放出的反應(yīng)熱。resin properties are controlled primarily by t

35、he type of catalyst used and by cycle gas composition. the computer can maintain closed loop control of the resin properties in the reactor by making instantaneous predictions of the resin properties in the reactor and adjusting variables as necessary. resin properties do not vary with production ra

36、te.反應(yīng)器所生產(chǎn)的樹脂的性質(zhì)主要是由所使用的催化劑種類以及循環(huán)氣組成來決定的。計算機可以通過即時地對在反應(yīng)器中的樹脂性質(zhì)進(jìn)行預(yù)測并在必要的情況下對反應(yīng)器變量做出調(diào)整來維持對樹脂性質(zhì)的閉環(huán)控制。樹脂性質(zhì)并不隨產(chǎn)率的變化而變化。the reactor is a skirt-supported vessel with an expanded top section for disengagement of solids from the cycle gas stream.反應(yīng)器有塔裙支持，頂部有一個擴(kuò)大段，用于更好地分離循環(huán)氣流中的固體。the cycle gas compressor is a

37、single-stage, constant-speed, centrifugal compressor with a double dry mechanical seal. the typical outlet pressure from the cycle gas compressor is 3.48 mpag. the cycle gas circulation flow rate is controlled by either inlet guide vanes or discharge throttling on the discharge piping of the machine

38、. the cycle gas compressor maintains the optimal superficial gas velocity for all products through the cycle gas loop. 循環(huán)氣壓縮機是單段、定速、離心式、使用雙層干機械密封的壓縮機。該壓縮機的典型出口壓力為3.48 mpa （表壓）。循環(huán)氣的循環(huán)速率是由壓縮機的進(jìn)口閥門或是出口管節(jié)流閥來控制的。對所有產(chǎn)品床層，循環(huán)氣壓縮機可保持最佳的表觀氣體速度。 the cycle gas cooler is a single pass shell and tube heat exchang

39、er. cycle gas flows through the tubes and cooling water circulates through the shell side. a pump back water system provides reactor temperature control by recirculating hot cooling water discharged from the shell of the cycle gas cooler and recycling it back to mix with the fresh incoming cooling w

40、ater supply to the exchanger using the cycle water pump (g4004). the cycle gas cooler is also used as a heater for reaction start-up by injecting steam through a sparger into the cooling water inlet of the cycle gas cooler.循環(huán)氣冷卻器是單程的管殼式換熱器。循環(huán)氣從管內(nèi)流過，而冷卻水則從殼層流過。反應(yīng)器的溫度由一個泵回流水系統(tǒng)控制，從循環(huán)氣冷卻器殼層出來的熱水與新鮮的冷卻水混

41、合，一起通過循環(huán)水泵（g-4004）再泵入冷卻器。在反應(yīng)器啟動開車時，循環(huán)氣冷卻器也可為加熱器。此時將蒸汽從循環(huán)氣冷卻器的冷卻水入口噴入。reactor pressure is controlled by varying the propylene feed rate. the concentrations of hydrogen, ethylene, and propylene in the cycle gas are measured by an on-line cycle gas analyzer, and flows are automatically controlled as ne

42、cessary to maintain the required cycle gas composition.反應(yīng)器壓力是通過改變丙烯進(jìn)料速度來控制的。循環(huán)氣中氫氣、乙烯和丙烯的濃度由一臺在線循環(huán)氣分析儀來測量，而它們的流量在必要時會自動調(diào)節(jié)，以滿足所要求的循環(huán)氣組成。the polymerization catalyst is received in drums as a slurry in mineral oil. a drum tilter (s-4046) is used on the end of a fork-truck to handle and tilt the drums.

43、to prevent catalyst solids from settling, the drums are rolled on the drum tumbler (s4045). the drums are unloaded using the unloading pump (g4054) into the slurry feed tank (c4040), which has an agitator (y-4041). the catalyst is pumped from this vessel to the reactor by the slurry feed pump (g4043

44、). the production rate is controlled by varying the amount of catalyst pumped to the reactor by controlling the speed of the slurry feed pump. a mineral oil drum pump (g-4055) is provided to unload mineral oil from shipping drums to flush out the system. mineral oil is stored in the mineral oil stor

45、age tank (c-4056).聚合催化劑與礦物油混合為淤漿狀，成桶裝運。叉車的尾部安有一個桶罐翻轉(zhuǎn)裝置（s-4046），幫助傾斜和搬運這些桶。為防止催化劑沉淀，用滾桶器（s-4045）不停地轉(zhuǎn)動這些桶。通過卸料泵（g-4054）將催化劑卸至帶有攪拌器（y-4041）的淤漿進(jìn)料罐（c-4040）。催化劑再由淤漿進(jìn)料泵（g-4043）打入反應(yīng)器。產(chǎn)率的控制是通過控制淤漿進(jìn)料泵的速度（進(jìn)而控制進(jìn)入反應(yīng)器的催化劑的量）來實現(xiàn)的。使用一個礦物油回轉(zhuǎn)泵（g-4055）將礦物油從運輸用桶中卸出，用來沖洗該系統(tǒng)。礦物油儲存在礦物油儲存罐（c-4056）中。provisions are also made

46、 for addition of donor to the cycle gas system through the additive feed pots (c4060 and c-4062). donor is unloaded from shipping drums using the additive drum pump (g-4069). the donor is pumped from these vessels to either reactor by the aditive pumps (g-4061 and g-4063).給電子體可以通過給電子體添加罐（c-4060，c-40

47、62）加入到循環(huán)氣系統(tǒng)中。首先用給電子體回轉(zhuǎn)泵（g-4069）把給電子體從運輸桶中卸下。再將給電子體通過給體泵（g-4061，g-4063）打入各個反應(yīng)器。the reactor has two pairs of product discharge systems, which can be operated in an alternating mode or independently. each system consists of two product chambers and two product blow tanks. the granular product drops seq

48、uentially from the product chamber (c4101, c-4105, c-4106, and c-4107) to the product blow tank (c4103, c4108, c-4110, and c-4112) from which it is conveyed directly to the product purge bin (c-5009), during homopolymer/random production, or directly to the transfer tank filters (y-4312 and y-4322),

49、 during impact production.反應(yīng)器有兩套產(chǎn)品卸料系統(tǒng)，可以交互運行，也可以獨立運行。每套系統(tǒng)包括兩個產(chǎn)品倉和兩個產(chǎn)品卸料罐。產(chǎn)品粉料依次從產(chǎn)品倉（c 4101，c-4105, c-4106 和c-4107）進(jìn)入產(chǎn)品卸料罐（c-4103, c-4108, c-4110和c-4112）。從那里，產(chǎn)品直接被送進(jìn)產(chǎn)品接收器 （c-5009， 當(dāng)生產(chǎn)均聚物和無規(guī)共聚物時）或是送往輸送罐過濾器（y-4321， 當(dāng)生產(chǎn)抗沖共聚物時）。during a process upset, the polymerization reaction can be stopped or slowed

50、 down with the kill system. the kill injects hundreds of times more co than the required stoichiometric amount into the reactor. the excess amount insures a complete kill even if the mixing of co is not completely uniform. the kill system hardware consists of 8 cylinder bottles (4 in use with 4 as b

51、ack-up) containing modifier c at 13.0 - 15.2 mpag pressure with a system of distribution piping and motor operated valves to release the modifier c into the reactor when the kill system logic is actuated. the cycle gas turbine (kt-4003) is used to drive the cycle gas compressor at a reduced speed in

52、 the case of electrical failure, loss of cycle gas flow indication, and most compressor shutdowns. reaction may be quickly reinitiated by purging the poison from the bed to the flare, thereby reactivating the reaction of the polymerization catalyst.當(dāng)出現(xiàn)工藝故障時，可以通過“殺死系統(tǒng)”（或叫“反應(yīng)終止系統(tǒng)“）使聚合反應(yīng)停止或減慢。殺死系統(tǒng)將比正常要

53、求的化學(xué)計量高百倍以上的一氧化碳注入反應(yīng)器。過量的注入確保即使在一氧化碳混合不充分的情況下也能完全終止反應(yīng)。殺死系統(tǒng)的硬件由8個氣瓶（用4個，備4個）組成，其中裝有壓力在13-15.2 mpa （表壓）的“殺死劑”c、一套分布管道系統(tǒng)以及在殺死系統(tǒng)邏輯被觸發(fā)時將“殺死劑”c注入反應(yīng)器的由馬達(dá)控制的閥門。當(dāng)發(fā)生斷電、循環(huán)氣流量顯示失靈以及壓縮機停車時，循環(huán)氣透平（kt-4003)被用來驅(qū)動循環(huán)氣壓縮機。想要迅速恢復(fù)反應(yīng)時，將毒物從反應(yīng)床排出，通往火炬，這樣便可以重新激活聚合反應(yīng)。the instrumentation nozzles are kept clear of resin by purg

54、ing with vaporized propylene from the propylene vaporizer (e4005).丙烯蒸發(fā)器（e-4005）送來的氣態(tài)丙烯用來吹掃儀表接口，使其不被樹脂堵塞。reaction (part 4b) (impact production) 反應(yīng)部分（第4b部分）- （抗沖生產(chǎn)）the impact portion of the polymerization reaction takes place in a second fluidized bed reactor (c4301) at a nominal pressure of 2.07 mpag

55、 and a nominal temperature of around 70° c. the impact polymerization reactor receives homopolymer resin, with contained catalyst, intermittently from the reactor no. 1 product discharge system. reactants are fed continuously to the impact reactor, and the granular product is removed inter

56、mittently. reactants in the vapor phase are continuously cycled from the reactor through a centrifugal cycle gas compressor (k4303) and water-cooled cycle gas cooler (e4302) and back through the reaction bed. this cycle gas flow serves to fluidize the reaction bed for good back mixing, supply raw ma

57、terials to reaction sites, and remove heat generated by the exothermic polymerization reaction.聚合反應(yīng)的抗沖部分在第二個流化床反應(yīng)器（c4301）中進(jìn)行，公稱反應(yīng)壓力為2.07 mpag，公稱反應(yīng)溫度約為70ºc。含有催化劑的均聚物樹脂從1號反應(yīng)器的產(chǎn)品卸料系統(tǒng)間歇性地進(jìn)入抗沖聚合反應(yīng)器。反應(yīng)物被連續(xù)注入抗沖反應(yīng)器；生產(chǎn)出的產(chǎn)品粉料則以間歇方式被移走。汽相的反應(yīng)物不斷地從反應(yīng)器進(jìn)入循環(huán)氣壓縮機（k-4303），水冷的循環(huán)氣冷卻器（e-4302），再回到反應(yīng)器。這股循環(huán)氣的作用主要是：流化反

58、應(yīng)床層以提供良好的返混效果、將原料攜帶入反應(yīng)部位以及為放熱的聚合反應(yīng)撤熱resin properties are controlled primarily by the type of catalyst used and by cycle gas composition. the computer can maintain closed loop control of the resin properties in the reactor by making instantaneous predictions of the resin properties in the reactor, an

59、d adjusting variables as necessary.樹脂性質(zhì)主要是由催化劑種類和循環(huán)氣組成決定的。計算機通過實時預(yù)測反應(yīng)器中樹脂的性質(zhì)并在必要時相應(yīng)地調(diào)整參數(shù)值，對反應(yīng)器內(nèi)樹脂性質(zhì)進(jìn)行閉路控制。the reactor is a skirt-supported vessel with an expanded top section for disengagement of solids from the cycle gas stream.反應(yīng)器有塔裙支持，頂部有一個擴(kuò)大段，用于分離循環(huán)氣流中的固體。the cycle gas compressor (k-4303) is a single-stage, constant-speed, centrifugal compressor with a double dry mechanical