Reading-Skills閱讀技巧

1、Reading SkillsIncreasing Word Power 擴(kuò)大詞匯量Words are the bricks to build up any language. How can we increase our word power?1. Read Extensively 2. Listen and Note. 3. Etymology4. Check Unfamiliar Words 5. Solve Crosswords 6. Use the Words You Learn Preventing Regression 防止回視Regression means rereading

2、 a word, phrase, or sentence out of habit and not because of need. Sometimes, it is necessary to reread something, especially in a difficult passage. But habitual, unnecessary regression really slows you down.To reduce the number of times that the eyes skip back to a previous sentence, run a pointer

3、 along the line as you read. This could be a finger, or a pen or pencil. Your eyes will follow the tip of your pointer, smoothing the flow of speed-reading. The speed at which you read using this method will largely depend on the speed at which you move the pointer.You can also use a card or paper t

4、o cover the text after you read it to prevent regression. Thiswill train your eyes to look forward, and eventually you won' t need the guide to focus your vision.Avoiding Vocalization and Inner Speech防止出聲閱讀Put a finger over your lips or on your vocal cords! Broadening Eye Span擴(kuò)大視幅Reading is comp

5、osed of a series of fixations 注視 which the eye makes while viewing a printed line. During these fixation pauses, the material viewed is translated into meanings by the brain. A good reader will make three to four fixations for ordinary line of print; the poor reader eight to twelve or more.To reduce

6、 fixations, take several words or chunk words together in parentheses. Practice seeing more than one word at a time, and increase the amount of words in parentheses each time you practice. With time, you may be able to read an entire line of text in one fixation.Reading in Thought Groups 按意群讀While m

7、aking constant efforts to improve your reading comprehension, you should try consciously to increase your reading speed. And to read in thought groups is an easy, yet effective way of picking up speed and fluency.It means when you read, try not to think of a sentence as a string of single words. Ins

8、tead, think of it as several thought groups. In other words, try to move your eyes group by group, not from word to word. In this way you will read faster.However, there are no solid rules for dividing longer sentences into thought groups. It really depends on the idea that you are trying to convey.

9、Taking notes 做筆記Taking notes during your reading at the recall stage keeps you active and concentrating. Besides, they provide a written record for revision. The content should include:1. The author ' s main ideas and any important details;2. The logical structure of his/her argument;3. Any impo

10、rtant references he/she mentions.Basic Reading Process 根本閱讀步驟It is preferable to read a passage at least twice: the first time, to get the main idea of the passage, and then a second time, to focus on the important details. Sometimes a third time is necessary tocheck the difficult points. Follow the

11、 basic reading method, and answer the questions respectively when you finish reading any materials t each time.Most people wish they read more. It is an activity that is both fun and enlightening. It can help us be more knowledgeable and successful. However, it is an activity that many people don

12、9;t engage in very much.The following are ten suggestions to help strengthen your reading habit ways to find andmake more time for reading.1) Always have a book around.2) Set a reading goal.3) Keep a log.4) Keep a reading list.5) Turn off the television.6) Listen when you can ' t read.7) Join a

13、reading group or book club.8) Visit the library or bookstore often.9) Build your own strategy.10) Drop Everything and Read. Skimming & Scanning 略讀和查讀 SkimmingAim: To identify the main ideas in the text quickly Some hints and tips for better skimming:1. Read the title, subtitles or subheading;2.

14、Look at the illustrations;3. Read the first and last sentence of each paragraph;4. Take in key words;5. Think about the meaning of the text.ScanningAim: To look for specific information in a text Some hints and tips for better scanning:1. Don ' t try to read every word;2. Use clues on the page,

15、such as headings and titles;3. Use theheader4. Think up or write down some questions;5. Many texts use A-Z order;6. There are many ways to practice scanning skills.Reading for Main Ideas 了解大意An important skill in reading is learning to comprehend the main idea of a text. This is accomplished by firs

16、t determining the thesis statement of the text. The thesis statement, or topic sentence, tells the reader what the text is about; it is the most important sentence in the text. Sometimes the main idea is implied rather than directly stated in a sentence and the reader must learn how to infer (make a

17、n educated guess) as to what the main idea of the text is in order to comprehend the material as a whole.Recognizing Important Facts or Details 掌握語(yǔ)篇中的事實(shí)和主要情節(jié)To understand the main idea thoroughly, you must recognize the important facts or details which help develop or support it. These facts and det

18、ails give you a deeper understanding of the main idea. Here are some ways to help you recognize the important facts or details:1. Read for the main idea. If you have identified the main idea, you can recognize more easily the important facts that support it.2. Keep it in mind that not all facts or d

19、etails are equally important. Look only for the facts related to the main idea.3. To check on your understanding of the material you have read, review the facts or details which you have decided are the most important. Then consider if they support what you have identified as the main idea. If addin

20、g up the facts or details does not lead logically to the main idea, you have failed either to identify the main idea or to recognize the important supporting details.Identifying the Author' s Purpose and T了n解作者的目的和語(yǔ)氣Purpose 目的1. Know the main idea of the passage;2. Identify the author 'spurp

21、ose according to the text.Tone 語(yǔ)氣positive, negative, neutral, critical, doubtful, suspicious, indifferent, concerned, pessimistic, optimistic, factual, impartial, objective, subjective, ironic, cynical, emotional, polite, humorous; disapproval, hate, admiration, disgust, gratitude, forcefulnessUnder

22、standing Text Coherence 理解語(yǔ)篇的連貫性1. Grammatical devices: such as tense and aspect, reference, substitution, time or place relater and parallel construction;2. Lexical devices: such as hyponymy, synonymy, complementarity, and metonymy and repetition;3. Logical connectors: such as“and, “but , “in addit

23、ion, “that is to say , etc.Drawing Conclusions 了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)論Careful and thoughtful readers always think about what they are reading, trying to interpret the ideas presented in a reading passage. In doing so they are able to draw conclusions based on what the author tells them.In order to draw reasonable c

24、onclusions we have to build our conclusions upon facts or evidence and not upon our own opinions, likes, or dislikes. Of course our experience may prove useful, but most of our conclusions must be based on what we read in the passage.To draw a conclusion about implied main ideas in paragraphs, you n

25、eed to do the following:1. Consider what each sentence says about the common topic;2. Ask yourself what general thought or idea emerges when you put all of those individual pieces of information together;3. Think of the idea that emerges as the author's implied main idea and the purpose of the p

26、assage.Paraphrasing 進(jìn)行信息轉(zhuǎn)換A paraphrase is a passage borrowed from a source and rewritten in your own words. A paraphrase should be true to the original author ' idsea, but is rewritten in your own words and sentence structure. Since you are using someone else ' idseas and expressing them in

27、your own words, it is very important to give credit to the source of the idea.A paraphrase should not use any of the original author' s words except incidental conjunctionsand common prepositions.The case study for guess ing vocabulary in En glish readi ngThe case study for guess ing words in En

28、 glish read ing falls into six categories.A. Accord ing to pun ctuati on1. Chongqing, China ' s nemesicipality, with a population of 30 million, has welcomed its first test-tube baby.2. This stream was made up of the tiny larvae n ewly-bor n an ts being carried out of the n est by the workers.3.

29、 They can make the abstract concrete; the elusive comprehensible; the unfamiliar familiar.4. Tornadoes (violent and destructive whirl wind) normally occur on hot, humid (a little wet) day, but not necessarily in the summer.B. According to signal word, including or, in other words, not, i.e. (that is

30、), however, rather than, un like, etc.1. People began to make their own paper money, or currency.2. It must be last ing and easy to recog ni ze, to divide, and to carry about. I n other words it must be durable, distinet, divisible and portable .3. I n fact, the direct-selli ng model has almost cert

31、ai nly bee n a boon, not a barrier, to Dell 'spla ns.4. Hedonism, that is, believing that pleasure is the purpose of life, seems to bring health, not illn ess.5. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.6. Retur n the money

32、 of your own volition rather tha n be forced to hand it over.7. Un like his sister, who is a warm, in terested pers on, Joh n is apathetic to every one and everyth ing.C. Accord ing to example1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, New Society, News week, or The Liste ner.2. Toda

33、y young couples who are just start ing their households ofte n spe nd lots of their money on appliances, for in sta nee, wash in g-mach in es, refrigerators and color televisi ons.D. Accord ing to defi niti on1. A pers on or thing bey ond comparis on, a model of excelle nee, is known as paragon.2. Ventilation, as you know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering.3. Defined most broadly, folklore includes all the customs, belief and traditi on that people have han ded dow n from gen erati on to gen er