高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法名詞性從句

1、上海高考英語(yǔ)備考訓(xùn)練上海高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)：名詞性從句 名詞性從句：在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。在復(fù)合句中能作主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等。形容詞性從句即定語(yǔ)從句；副詞性從句即狀 語(yǔ)從句；名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞1,從屬連詞五個(gè)：that無(wú)詞義，在從句中不做成分，在賓語(yǔ)從句中可省略。 whether, if有詞義，在從句中不做成分，不可以省略。as if, as though不做成分。2,連接代詞九個(gè)： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which

2、, whichever,有詞義，在從句中做成分，不可以省略。3, 連接副詞七個(gè)： when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, howeve柏詞義， 在從句中做狀語(yǔ)，不可以省略。二.主語(yǔ)從句1,主語(yǔ)從句：通常由下列詞引導(dǎo)：從屬連詞that, whether ;連接代詞what,who, which, whatever, whoever, whom；連接副詞 how, when, where, why 等。It is known to us how he became a writer.2,常用it作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單

3、數(shù) 形式。It is a fact that, It is an honor that, It is common, It is a pity that, It is said that, It seems that, It is natural that3, It作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較：It作形式主語(yǔ)是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)， 主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒(méi)有變化。it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無(wú) 論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that引導(dǎo)，強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)也可用 who。4,主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的情況： It is said /reported ; It happens/occurs ; I

4、t doesn' t matter how/whether結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不 可居于句首，含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?5, what與that在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ).表語(yǔ)，而 that則 不然。 What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is a consolation.三、賓語(yǔ)從句1, 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，

5、that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，常被省去。2, 用 who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，保持陳述語(yǔ)序。3, think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, expect, fancy, conside等動(dòng)詞弓I起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中，要否定前移。 doubt whether, don' t doubt that 4,后面不能接 tha

6、t 從句的動(dòng)詞有：condemn, force, take, forgive, dislike, refuse, let, like, love, help, admire, allow, celebrate, cause 但可以用不定式，動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。5, 動(dòng)詞 + it + if/when 從句,常用動(dòng)詞有 hate, enjoy, like, dislike, appreciate, preferI hate it if you say such things in public. Wel appreciate it if you book tickets for us.6,介詞+關(guān)系代

7、詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。It was a matter of who would take the position.Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests.定從： He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.Sarah hopes to have a friend, with whom she can share her interests.四、表語(yǔ)從句1、在復(fù)合句中，位于系動(dòng)詞之后作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)

8、表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān) 聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if。the reason is that It is - becauseIt appears/seems that It happens that tturns out that11 looks as ifIt s eems as if 2、當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because whether可引 導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但if不可以。You are saying that everyone should be equal and this is I agree處用where, 因 ag

9、ree為不及物動(dòng)詞，與 what I agree on同。五、同位語(yǔ)從句1、同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，that不可以省略，可由whether引導(dǎo)，不可用if.2、同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是一些有限的抽象性名詞，如belief, advice, demand,doubt, possibility, thought, proposal, case, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, request, suggestion, wish, word reaso

10、n, question, truth, conclusion, result. If 0而語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是任何物和人。3、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1)定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，與先行詞之間存在所屬關(guān)系，起修飾限定的作用。同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，與先行詞是同位或等同的關(guān)系，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用。2)定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，而同位語(yǔ)從 句中的that是連詞，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.定從The news that Tom would go abr

11、oad is told by him.同從，that 不可省略。3) What不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。I didn't have the idea what you mean.4) How, when, where, why的先行詞與從句意義相關(guān)時(shí)，它們是關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo) 定從。不相關(guān)時(shí)，這些詞是連接副詞，引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。It is a question how he did it. Do you have any idea where he lives.She had no idea why she thought of him suddenly.He solved t

12、he problem why the TV was out of order.There is some doubt whether he will come.以上都是同位語(yǔ)從句。whether, how不可引導(dǎo)定從。The reason why he was late is that he was ill.定從六、名詞性wh-從句wh-詞包括 who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接 代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。wh-從句的語(yǔ)法功能除了和that-從句 一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓

13、語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)等：主語(yǔ)： How the book will sell depends on its author.直接賓語(yǔ)：In one's own home one can do what one likes.間接賓語(yǔ)： The club will give whoever wins a prize.表語(yǔ)： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)： She will name him whatever she wants to.同位語(yǔ)：I have no idea when he

14、 will return.形容詞賓語(yǔ)：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.介詞賓語(yǔ)： That depends on where we shall go.七、what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1, what的五種用法1）表示“的東西或事情”，相當(dāng)于 "the thing that.; all that.; everything that.He saves what he earns. What Mary is is the secretary瑪麗的職務(wù)是秘書(shū)。2）表示“的人或的樣子”，相當(dāng)于the person thatHe is

15、 no longer what he was. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?3）表示“的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”相當(dāng)于the amount/number thatOur income is now double what it was ten years ago.4）表示“的時(shí)間”相當(dāng)于the time that:After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.5）表示“的地方”相當(dāng)于the place thatThis is what they call Salt Lak

16、e City.2,有時(shí)what可用作限定詞，其后修飾一個(gè)名詞I gave him what books I had.What后可以是復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，不能是單數(shù)可數(shù)。He gave me what money he had about him. I spent what little time I had with her.3, A is to B what C is to D what相當(dāng)于as,但在此句型不能用 as代替，what作 連詞用，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。Air is to us what water is to fish.八、whether與if在作是否的意思時(shí)1）可用if的情形：賓語(yǔ)從

17、句一般可用if或whether引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)否定的賓語(yǔ)從句， 只用 if.但 wonder, not sure 后可用 whether. I don ' t care if it doesn ' t rain.2）只用whether的情形1）賓語(yǔ)從句中，在decide, discuss后，有or not時(shí)，作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，if會(huì)引起歧 義時(shí)，從句放句首時(shí)必須用whether 02）引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句及接不定式時(shí)。Could you tell me if you know the answer ?Whether there is life on the moon is

18、an interesting question.Everything depends on whether we have enough money.九，需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should） do的情形表示驚奇、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣和表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義時(shí)，從 句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣"（should） +da ft is necessary （important, natural,strange ） that , It - is suggested （requested, proposed, desired） that句型的主語(yǔ)從 旬，demand、order、suggest

19、decide、insist, desire, urge, advice, propose, require, request, command, doubt , suggestion, order, requirement, advice, request, demand 等后的賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句，需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should） do。上海高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法練習(xí)名詞性從句 選擇填空1 .you have done might do harm to other people.A. That B. What C. Which D. This2 . They have no idea at all.A.

20、where he has gone B. where did he goC. which place he has gone D. where he has gone to3.1 eaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who4. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to.A. where he is most needed B. where he neededC. where he is mostly needed D. w

21、here is he mostly needed5. These photographs will show you.A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like6. Can you make sure the gold ring?A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where h

22、as Alice put7. No one can be sure in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like8. the Games will be held in Beijing is not known.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That9. It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.A. wh

23、ich B. that C. if D. for10. you don ' t like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether11. It is said was all he said.A. that that; that B. what what; what C. that which, what D. that that, what12. He asked for the violin.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did

24、I pay D. how much I paid13. Do you remember he came?Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if14. is a fact that English is accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It15. Sarah hopes to become a friend of shares her interests.A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D.

25、no matter who16. we can ' t get seems better than we have.A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what17. we ' ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where18. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. however B. whateve

26、r C. whichever D. whenever19. caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. Where20. It was a matter of would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever21. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. w

27、here22. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever23. These wild flowers are so special I would do I can to save them.A. that B. which C. whichever D. whatever24. she couldn ' understand was fewer and fewerstudents showed interest in her lessons

28、.A. That; what B. What; why C. What; because D. Why; that25. What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover fromthe serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why26. is no possibility Bob can win the first prize in thematch.A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether

29、27. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly he wants.A. what B. which C. when D. that28. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions need.A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improvedC. whe

30、re; improving D. when; improving29. Are you still thinking about yesterday' s game?Oh, that ' s.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited30. We cannot figure out quite a number of insects, birds, and animals aredying out.A. th

31、at B. as C. why D. when31. I think Father would like to know I've been up to so far, so I decideto send him a quick note.A. which B. why C. what D. how32. A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago .A. what B. which C. that D. where33. Parents are taught to understand importa

32、nt education is to their children ' s future.A. that B. how C. such D. so34. The road is covered with snow. I can't understand they insist on going bymotor-bike.A. why B. whether C. when D. how35. After Yang Li Wei succeeded in circling the earth,our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.

33、A. where B. what C. that D. how36. A story goes Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that beingsurrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A. when B. where C. what D. that37. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at I thoughtwas a dangerous speed.A. as B. which C. wha

34、t D. that38. Along with the letter was his promise he would visit me this comingChristmas.A. which B. thatC. whatD. whether39. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game .A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that40. Danby left word with my secretary he would call again in theafternoon.A. who B. t

35、hat C. as D. which41. The way he did it was differentwe were used to .A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which42. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize silly mistakes I hadmade.A. what B. that C. howD. which43. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his sea

36、t, feeling pleased he was a man of action.A. which B. that C. what D. whether44. We haven't settled the question of it is necessary for him tostudy abroad.A. ifB. where C. whether D. that45. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever4

37、6. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. what47. Peter insisted he pay the bill.A. on thatB. whatC. thatD. on which48. - What did your parents think about your decision?-They always let me do I think I should.A. when B. that C. how D. what49.

38、 Engines are to machines hearts are to animals.A. as B. that C. what D. which50. I just wonder that makes him so excited.A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is51. One advantage of playing the guitar is it can give you a great deal ofpleasure.A. how B. why C. that D. when52. He spo

39、ke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning his teammates had done.A. what B. which C. why D. while53. - It ' s thirty years since we last met.-But I still remember the story, believe it or not,we got lost on a rainy night.A. which B. thatC. whatD. when54. There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. that B. which C. until D. if55. Nobody