船用金屬腳手架培訓(xùn)課程3

1、marine metal scaffolding course for scaffoldersmarine metal scaffolding course for scaffoldersday 3第三天第三天marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.1 safety rules to be observed in the erecting and dismantling of scaffolds搭建和拆除腳手架時(shí)必須遵守的安全規(guī)則搭建和拆除腳手架時(shí)必須遵守的安全規(guī)則a. warning signboard to be prominent

2、ly displayed. 必須有明顯的警示牌b. ensure firm ground condition (e.g should not erect on ground affected by tidal changes). 保證地面堅(jiān)固（不能搭建在受潮汐影響的地面上）c. standard plumb and well supported. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的鉛垂和好的支撐d. standard spacing not more than 2.5m. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間隔不超過(guò)2.5me. foot tie-correctly fitted and secured. 底部橫撐正確安裝并且加固f. ledgers

3、 and transoms to be fitted horizontally and connected to standard with right angle coupler. 橫木和橫梁必須用直角連接件水平連接在支柱上。marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.1 safety rules to be observed in the erecting and dismantling of scaffolds搭建和拆除腳手架時(shí)必須遵守的安全規(guī)則搭建和拆除腳手架時(shí)必須遵守的安全規(guī)則f. longitudinal and transve

4、rse bracing to be connected to standard with swivel couplers. 縱向和橫向支撐應(yīng)該用旋轉(zhuǎn)連接件連接在支柱上。g. tie back to be fitted according to the drawing. 橫梁應(yīng)按照?qǐng)D紙安裝。h. each board should have at least three supports unless its thickness or span in enough to prevent any sagging under load. 除非木板跨距和厚度足夠，否則為避免木板載重時(shí)松垂每個(gè)木板至少有

5、3個(gè)支撐。i.the board should overhang by between 50mm 150mm. 木板應(yīng)該懸于50mm-150mm之間。j. where boards need to butt, putlog must be doubled and spaced so that no board overhangs by more than 150mm. 如果板需要對(duì)接時(shí)，橫木必須為雙層的且150mm以上沒(méi)有板懸掛。marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.1 safety rules to be observed in t

6、he erecting and dismantling of scaffolds搭建和拆除腳手架時(shí)必須遵守的安全規(guī)則搭建和拆除腳手架時(shí)必須遵守的安全規(guī)則j. the surface of the work platform should be even. all boards should lay closely together along their length. every work platform should have at least 3 planks. 工作平臺(tái)表面必須平整。所有板必須緊密排在一起，每個(gè) 工作平臺(tái)至少有3個(gè)支架。m. planks to be laid clo

7、se together with a gap not more than 30 mm. 支架必須在裂縫附近30mm以內(nèi)。n. planks must be of correct thickness. 支架必須有一定的厚度。o. gap between shipshides /structure and scaffold should be less than 300mm. 結(jié)構(gòu)和腳手架之間距離少于300mm。p. scaffold ladders should not rise vertically for more than 9m. 腳手架梯子不超過(guò)9m。marine metal scaff

8、olding course for scaffolders-工作平臺(tái)工作平臺(tái)-立柱立柱-腳手架板腳手架板-趾板趾板-對(duì)接對(duì)接-橫梁橫梁-橫木橫木-橫木和橫木和900連接件連接件-伸出物厚板不超過(guò)板厚伸出物厚板不超過(guò)板厚4 倍或是低于倍或是低于50mmmarine metal scaffolding course for scaffoldersscaffold should be plumbed as well as speed level.腳手架必須是垂直的腳手架必須是垂直的900marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.2 causes

9、 and prevention of marine scaffold accedents 腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防a. common accidents 常見事故a. fall down from height 從高處落下 b. hit by falling objects 被落下的物體擊中 c. physical injuries during material handling eg. hand or leg injuries 處理材料時(shí)的傷害。如手或腿受傷。marine metal scaffolding course for scaffoldersdont ride

10、 on mobile scaffold push only from ground level不要騎在可移動(dòng)的腳手架上不要騎在可移動(dòng)的腳手架上marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.2 causes and prevention of marine scaffold accedents 腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防 b. causes 原因a. failed to use personal protective equipment. 個(gè)人防護(hù)用品使用不當(dāng) b. unguarded opening/edges. 未加保護(hù)的

11、的開孔和邊緣 c. defective materials (eg. damaged timber board/ couplers) 有缺陷的材料（損壞的木板和連接件） d. ladder not properly secured. 梯子不牢固 e. damaged or missing ladder rung. 梯子圍欄損壞或丟失。 f. failed to anchor safety harness. 安全帶固定點(diǎn)沒(méi)掛好marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.2 causes and prevention of marine sca

12、ffold accedents 腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防b. causes contd 原因（反面） f. timber board not properly secured. 木板不牢固 g. couplers not properly tighten. 連接件沒(méi)擰緊 h. unsafe acts. 不安全行為 i. negligence 疏忽行為 j. tripping hazards on working platform. 工作平臺(tái)上絆倒marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.2 causes and pre

13、vention of marine scaffold accedents 腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防b. causes contd 原因（反面） k. incompetent scaffold erector. 不合格的腳手架工 l. failure of scaffold (damaged by user, unauthorized alteration, weak foundation) 腳手架故障（使用者損壞，未經(jīng)允許的更改，不牢固的底座） m. fatigue疲勞。 n. wrong procedure or erection/dismantling. 搭建/拆除程序

14、錯(cuò)誤 o. working under bad weather.惡劣天氣工作marine metal scaffolding course for scaffoldersdont introduce bending stresses to scaffold members. 禁止給腳手架材料應(yīng)用彎曲應(yīng)力禁止給腳手架材料應(yīng)用彎曲應(yīng)力.marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.2 causes and prevention of marine scaffold accedents 腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防c. preven

15、tion 預(yù)防a. use personal protective equipment. 使用個(gè)人防護(hù)用品 b. erector must be trained. 腳手架工必須經(jīng)過(guò)培訓(xùn) c. follow safety regulations. 遵守安全規(guī)則 d. no horse play. 不能在腳手架上嬉鬧 e. use suitable scaffold materials. 使用合格的腳手架材料 f. follow standard procedure for erection /dismantling of scaffold. 搭建/拆除腳手架嚴(yán)格按照程序執(zhí)行 g. safe ha

16、ndling of scaffold materials. 腳手架材料的可靠處理marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.2 causes and prevention of marine scaffold accedents 腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防c. prevention contd 預(yù)防（反面）g. couplers properly tightened. 連接件擰緊h. timber board properly secured. 木板固定牢固i. adequate tie-back and bracing.

17、 適當(dāng)?shù)臋M梁和支撐j. no tripping hazards on the joining of timber board. 木板連接處沒(méi)有絆倒的危險(xiǎn)k. good communication. 良好的溝通marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.2 causes and prevention of marine scaffold accedents腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防腳手架事故的原因和預(yù)防c. prevention contd 預(yù)防（反面）l. knots must not cause tripping hazards. 連接的地方

18、不能引起絆倒m. no unguarded opening. 沒(méi)有保護(hù)的開孔n. physically fit. 身體健康o. do not stand under suspended loads. 不要站在懸空的負(fù)載下面p. cut or trim securing pre-heated wires. 切除預(yù)加熱線marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.3 cause of the collapse of a scaffold腳手架倒塌的原因腳手架倒塌的原因a. substandard materials. 不合格的材料b. unsk

19、illed erector. 不熟練的腳手架工c. weak foundation. 不牢固的底座d. scaffold damaged by user. 腳手架被使用者損壞e. insufficient tie back or bracing. 沒(méi)有充足的橫梁和支撐f. unauthorised removal of scaffold component such as guard rail, bracing, tie back , ledger, etc. 未經(jīng)允許去除腳手架材料，例如護(hù)欄、支撐、橫梁、橫木marine metal scaffolding course for scaffo

20、lders3.3 cause of the collapse of a scaffold腳手架倒塌的原因腳手架倒塌的原因g. unauthorised modification of scaffold structure. 未經(jīng)允許對(duì)腳手架進(jìn)行修改結(jié)構(gòu)h. standard not vertical / plumb. 支柱不是垂直的。i.failed to comply standard guideline. 沒(méi)有遵守標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定。j. lack of co-ordination during the process of gas cutting resulting the falling of

21、cut off material landing on scaffold. 氣割過(guò)程中缺少協(xié)調(diào)-以至于從切割處落下k. dont mix different system in the same scaffold. 同一個(gè)腳手架不同系統(tǒng)不要混淆。marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.4 requirement of sound metal scaffolds可靠金屬腳手架的要求可靠金屬腳手架的要求a. use sound materials. 使用可靠的材料b. scaffold erected by competent erecto

22、r. 由合格的腳手架工進(jìn)行搭建c. firm base. 牢固的基礎(chǔ)d. standard properly spaced (max 2.5m) & plumb. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的間距（最大2.5m）和垂直測(cè)量e. ledger, transom and putlog properly spaced and secured. 橫木、橫梁間隔合適且牢固。marine metal scaffolding course for scaffoldersf. platform properly fixed. 平臺(tái)固定牢固g. toe board properly fixed. 腳踏板牢固h. guard

23、rail correctly spaced and secured. 護(hù)欄間隔適中且牢固。i.all joints properly secured. 所有的接頭必須牢固j. adequate and effective bracing and tie back. 適當(dāng)且有效的支撐和橫梁。k. no overloading. 不要過(guò)載。3.4 requirement of sound metal scaffolds可靠金屬腳手架的要求可靠金屬腳手架的要求marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.4 requirement of sound

24、 metal scaffolds可靠金屬腳手架的要求可靠金屬腳手架的要求l. regular inspection 定期檢查。m. properly maintenance. 適當(dāng)保養(yǎng)n. scaffold erected as per drawing. 根據(jù)圖紙搭建腳手架o. ladder properly fixed. 梯子固定牢靠p. no unguarded opening. 沒(méi)有未防護(hù)的開孔q. use suitable couplers. 使用相配的連接件marine metal scaffolding course for scaffoldersplace scaffold st

25、andards or frames systematically on sole plates.腳手架支柱或結(jié)構(gòu)放在底板上腳手架支柱或結(jié)構(gòu)放在底板上.marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.5 statutory requirements of sound marine metal scaffolding可靠金屬腳手架的法定要求可靠金屬腳手架的法定要求a. construction and materials. 建造和材料b. scaffold erectors. 腳手架工c. maintenance. 維修保養(yǎng)d. repair of

26、 damaged scaffolds. 損壞腳手架的修補(bǔ)e. scaffold to be free of all substances which endanger safety. 所有危及安全都是被禁止的marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.5 statutory requirements of sound marine metal scaffolding可靠金屬腳手架的法定要求可靠金屬腳手架的法定要求f. opening only for access. 只有維修開孔g. stairs or ladders. 樓梯或梯子h. s

27、caffolds not to be overloaded. 腳手架不能過(guò)載i. standards, ledgers and putlogs. 支柱、橫木j. working platforms. 工作平臺(tái)k. boards, planks and decking. 木板、支架和蓋板marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders3.5 statutory requirements of sound marine metal scaffolding可靠金屬腳手架的法定要求可靠金屬腳手架的法定要求l. guard rails and toe boa

28、rds. 護(hù)欄和腳踏板m. ties. 綁帶n. bracing. 支撐o. transoms. 橫木p. spigots, joint pins etc. 套管、接頭銷q. foundations of scaffolds. 腳手架基礎(chǔ)r. prevention of sway. 防止搖擺marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolderscase study no.1案例分析案例分析1category 類別類別:falling from height 從高處落下從高處落下 job 工作工作 task 任務(wù)任務(wù):erecting of hanging

29、 scaffolds inside tank 艙內(nèi)搭建懸掛式腳手架艙內(nèi)搭建懸掛式腳手架:erecting scaffold 搭建腳手架搭建腳手架marine metal scaffolding course for scaffoldersbackground 背景背景l(fā) an oil tanker was docked in the shipyard for a conversion project. 一艘油輪在船廠進(jìn)塢進(jìn)行改裝工程l work to be carried out included the blasting and coating of the tanks. 工作包括艙內(nèi)打砂和

30、油漆l hanging scaffolds were to be erected to facilitate the blasting and coating work on the under deck of the vessel. 搭建懸掛式腳手架以便于甲板下的打砂油漆l a scaffolding supervisor fell to his death during the erection of the hanging scaffolds inside the vessels tank. 一名腳手架主管在搭建過(guò)程中摔落致死m(xù)arine metal scaffolding course

31、 for scaffoldersdescription of accident 事故描述事故描述l a scaffold supervisor was erecting a hanging scaffold inside the port cargo oil tank of the vessel together with two other scaffold erectors. 一個(gè)腳手架主管與兩名腳手架工在左舷貨油艙內(nèi)搭建懸掛式腳手架。l the scaffold supervisor positioned himself on a triangular bracket of the 3r

32、d side longitudinal frame to erect the supporting frames of the hanging scaffold. 腳手架主管在3層的三角支架上豎起一個(gè)支撐結(jié)構(gòu)。l the scaffold supervisor coupled a 6 meters pipe (transom of the hanging staging) and a 3 metres pipe (ledger of the hanging staging) with a meal coupler. 腳手架主管用一個(gè)混合連接件連接一個(gè)6米的管（懸掛腳手架的橫梁） 和一根3米的管

33、（腳手架上的橫木）。marine metal scaffolding course for scaffoldersdescription of accident (cont) 事故描述（反面）事故描述（反面）l he looked down and then saw the scaffold supervisor lying on the 4th longitudinal frame at the tank bottom. 他向下看看到腳手架主管躺在艙底4層縱向結(jié)構(gòu)上。l the scaffold supervisor had fallen about 25 meters to the bot

34、tom of the tank. he died from multiple injuries sustained from the fall. 腳手架主管落到艙底大約25米。他死于創(chuàng)傷過(guò)多。l a 9 meters wire rope was passed to the scaffold supervisor be one of the ecaffold srectors for him to tie it to the pipes with a clove hitch knot. 通過(guò)腳手架主管的一根9米的繩子是由其中一名腳手架工幫他用一個(gè) 丁香結(jié)綁在管子上的。l after the sc

35、affold erector had placed the 9 meters wire rope through a scallop opening at the under-deck of the tank, he looked towards where the scaffold supervisor was working and found him missing. 腳手架工將繩子通過(guò)艙內(nèi)甲板下的過(guò)焊孔后，他看見腳手架主管正在工 作而且發(fā)現(xiàn)他的失手。marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders-左舷艙第四個(gè)間隔左舷艙第四個(gè)間隔-第三層縱

36、向結(jié)構(gòu)第三層縱向結(jié)構(gòu)-死者站在這里死者站在這里,在三角支架上工在三角支架上工作作.marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders6m管管(橫梁橫梁)連接兩管的連接兩管的金屬連接件金屬連接件3m管管(橫木橫木)這里是丁香結(jié)這里是丁香結(jié),用用9m繩子綁的繩子綁的死亡地點(diǎn)死亡地點(diǎn),艙底艙底4層層縱向結(jié)構(gòu)縱向結(jié)構(gòu)9m繩繩就是就是綁在綁在這根這根管子管子上上.-落下落下25m至艙底后至艙底后,死者落地時(shí)的管子的位置死者落地時(shí)的管子的位置,在第在第4隔間隔間管子末端置于管子末端置于通向第三間隔通向第三間隔開孔下方的扁開孔下方的扁鋼條上鋼條上marine me

37、tal scaffolding course for scaffoldersobservations & findings 觀察和發(fā)現(xiàn)觀察和發(fā)現(xiàn)l the deceased was wearing his safety belt. 死者佩戴了安全帶。l even though the deceased was wearing his safety belt, there was no lifeline or other forms of secured anchorage provided for him to anchor his safety belt. 即使死者佩戴了安全帶，但沒(méi)

38、有安全索或是其他的可以讓他的安全帶固定的地方。l according to his fellow scaffold erectors, it was the deceaseds duty to ensure that lifelines were provided before work commenced. 通過(guò)他手下的腳手架工，死者在開始施工作前應(yīng)該保證有安全索。l the clove hitch knot tied on the pipe was found to be incomplete. 綁在管子上的丁香結(jié)并沒(méi)有綁好。marine metal scaffolding course

39、for scaffolderscause of accident 事故原因事故原因l the incomplete clove hitch knot tied on the pipes indicates that the victim had probably fallen while he was tying the clove hitch knot on the pipes. 未綁好的丁香結(jié)表明死者在懸空時(shí)有可能跌落。l no lifeline was provided for the victim to anchor his safety belt, there was no prot

40、ection to prevent this fatal fall. 沒(méi)有安全索以供死者鉤掛他的安全帶，且跌落前沒(méi)有預(yù)防措施。marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolderslessons learnt 教訓(xùn)教訓(xùn)l scaffold supervisors and erectors should be educated and constantly reminded on the hazards involved and safe work practices to follow when working at height. 腳手架主管和腳手架工

41、在高空作業(yè)時(shí)應(yīng)該接受教育并不斷提醒安全規(guī)則。l sufficient and secured anchorage for anchoring of double lanyard and shock absorber, by means of lifeline or otherwise, must be provided before the erection or dismantling of hanging scaffolds. 足夠的和牢固的鉤掛設(shè)施及減震器，通過(guò)安全索或其他方法實(shí)現(xiàn)； 且必須在搭建/拆除懸掛式腳手架前提供。l scaffold supervisors must be re

42、minded to carry out their duties diligently and avoid at-risk behaviour. 腳手架主管在履行他的責(zé)任必須得到提醒以避免危險(xiǎn)行為。marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolderscase study no.2案例分析案例分析2category 類別類別:falling from height 從高處落下從高處落下 job 工作工作 task 任務(wù)任務(wù):erecting of tower scaffolds inside tank 艙內(nèi)塔式腳手架的搭建艙內(nèi)塔式腳手架的搭建:erect

43、ing scaffold 搭建腳手架搭建腳手架marine metal scaffolding course for scaffoldersbackground 背景背景l(fā) an oil tanker was schedules for a conversion project in the shipyard. 一艘油輪計(jì)劃在船廠內(nèi)進(jìn)行改裝。l the conversion project involved modification work on an existing extended spindle at the tank. 改裝項(xiàng)目包括對(duì)艙內(nèi)現(xiàn)有的延伸軸進(jìn)行修改。l a scaffol

44、d erector fell to his death while erecting he tower scaffold from the tank bottom. 一個(gè)腳手架工在搭建腳手架時(shí)摔到艙底致死。marine metal scaffolding course for scaffolders description of accident 事故描述事故描述l the extended spindle, which was about 23 meters in length, ran vertically along the bulkhead of the tank from the t

45、ank bottom to the main deck. 延伸軸，大約23米長(zhǎng)，順著艙壁方向由艙底伸向主甲板。l a group of scaffold erectors was instructed to erect a tower scaffold at the tank to facilitate the modification work on the spindle. 一組腳手架工被要求搭建一個(gè)塔式腳手架以便于進(jìn)行修改工作。l two scaffold erectors were stationed at the butterworth opening on the main dec

46、k to lower scaffold materials using a long fibre rope. 兩個(gè)腳手架工在主甲板的臨時(shí)開孔處用一根長(zhǎng)的纖維繩將腳手架材料放下。l another three scaffold erectors were stationed at the bottom of the tank to receive the materials being lowered to them for the erection of scaffolds, as well as to erect the tower scaffolds in the tank. 另外3個(gè)腳手

47、架工在艙底接著搭建腳手架需要的材料，同時(shí)在艙內(nèi)進(jìn)行搭建腳手架。marine metal scaffolding course for scaffoldersdescription of accident (cont) 事故描述（反面）事故描述（反面）l after the first lift level of the scaffold had been erected, scaffold erector a signaled to the scaffold erector b who was stationed on the main deck to hoist down a 4 meter

48、 steel ladder. 當(dāng)?shù)谝粚哟钇饋?lái)時(shí)，腳手架工a通知主甲板上的腳手架工b放下一個(gè)4米的鋼制梯子。l scaffold erector a then straddled a vertical standard to receive the ladder from scaffold erector b. 腳手架工a跨坐在一個(gè)垂直的支柱上來(lái)接腳手架工b放下的梯子。l when the scaffold erector a extended his hand to receive the steel ladder, he lost his balance and fell into the

49、bottom of the tank. 當(dāng)腳手架工a伸出手接梯子的時(shí)候，他失去平衡掉到艙底部。l scaffold erector a suffered a severe cut on his left shoulder when he fell 3 meters into the tank bottom. 腳手架工a掉下3米到艙底時(shí)他的左邊肩膀受傷。l scaffold erector a eventually succumbed to his injuries due to acute haemorrhage of the torn right brachial artery. 腳手架工最

50、終由于肩部大出血致死。marine metal scaffolding course for scaffoldersview of the erected tower scaffold. the scaffold was only erected to the first-lift level.-塔式腳手架圖塔式腳手架圖,這個(gè)腳手架只搭建了一層這個(gè)腳手架只搭建了一層-死者最后站在死者最后站在這里去夠梯子這里去夠梯子.-延伸軸延伸軸marine metal scaffolding course for scaffoldersthe deceased fell from the scaffold

51、and landed onto the tank bottom.死者從腳手架上死者從腳手架上掉掉 下下,摔到艙底摔到艙底marine metal scaffolding course for scaffoldersobservations & findings 觀察和發(fā)現(xiàn)觀察和發(fā)現(xiàn)l there was no tag line attached to the steel ladder. a tag line would have made it easier for the victim to receive the steel ladder. 鋼制梯子上沒(méi)有附繩子。一根繩子就會(huì)讓死者很