動(dòng)詞的各種形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則

1、 動(dòng)詞的各種形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則及應(yīng)用 1. 第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法(1) 一般情況下由動(dòng)詞后加-s構(gòu)成：work works，read - reads等。(2) 以s, x, z, sh, ch 以及字母o結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞，后加-es：guess - guesses, mix - mixes, go - goes, finish - finishes, catch-catches等。(3) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)將y改為i 再加-es：fly- flies, study -studies等。4.有個(gè)別的變化不規(guī)則，如have / has, be / is等。 詞尾-s和-es 讀音規(guī)則是：在s,

2、x, z, sh, ch 后的es讀作iz，其余的讀作z。二動(dòng)詞的ing形式/現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：1. 一般在動(dòng)詞后的加ing play-playing study-studying 2. 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的去e后再加ing. Come-coming live-living3. 以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母動(dòng)詞，要雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加 ing. Shop-shopping put-putting 4. 以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y,再加ing. Lie-lying die-dying 三. 過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法分規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。不規(guī)則變化需逐個(gè)記憶，兩種

3、動(dòng)詞的形式變化規(guī)則的基本一致。規(guī)則變化如下：(1) 一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞后加ed構(gòu)成：work- worked, stay - stayed, shout - shouted等。(2) 在以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞后只加d：close - closed, like- liked, live-lived, smile / smiled等。(3) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)將y改為i 再加-ed：study / studied, carry / carried等。4.以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母動(dòng)詞，要雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-ed：stop / stopped, admit / adm

4、itted, refer / referred, prefer / preferred等。英語語法中的時(shí)態(tài)（tense）是一種動(dòng)詞形式，不同的時(shí)態(tài)用以表示不同的時(shí)間與方式。是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。因此，當(dāng)我們說時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。英語時(shí)態(tài)分為16種：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時(shí)，以及這四者的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)下面就英語中常見的十種基本時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行闡述，其它的時(shí)態(tài)都是在這十種時(shí)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合而成的。時(shí)態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。2.時(shí)間狀語：always,usually,often,som

5、etimes,every week(day,year,month),once a week, on Sundays,3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞原形/第三人稱單數(shù)形式（如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式）4.否定形式：am/is/are+not; 謂語動(dòng)詞若為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。5.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。6.例句：She is shy I usually come here at 8. She goes there by

6、bus 時(shí)態(tài)二、一般過去時(shí)1.概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。2.時(shí)間狀語：ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,last(year,night,month),in1989,just now,attheageof5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞的過去式4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞did提問，同時(shí)

7、還原行為動(dòng)詞。6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.I didn't know you were so busy.時(shí)態(tài)三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。2.時(shí)間狀語：now,at this time,look,listen3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+doing4.否定形式：be+not+doing.5.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。6.例句：How are you feeling today?He is doing well in his lessons.時(shí)態(tài)四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正

8、在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。2.時(shí)間狀語：at this time, yesterday,at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等。3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)s+was/were+doing4.否定形式：s+was/were+not+doing.5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。(第一個(gè)字母大寫）6.例句：At that time she was working in a factory.When he came in,I was reading a newspaper.時(shí)態(tài)五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持

9、續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2.時(shí)間狀語：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段，recently,lately,in the past few years,etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+done4.否定形式：have/has+not+done.5.一般疑問句：have或has。6.例句：I've written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.時(shí)態(tài)六、一般將來時(shí)1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)

10、及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。2.時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow,next day(week,month,year),soon,in a few minutes,by,the day after tomorrow,etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+am/is/are+going to+do； will/shall+do.4.否定形式：am/is/are not going to do；will/shall not do。5.一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It i

11、s going to rain.時(shí)態(tài)-九種時(shí)態(tài)所謂“時(shí)”就是行為發(fā)生的時(shí)段或狀態(tài)存在的時(shí)段，即：現(xiàn)在、過去、將來和過去將來四種；所謂“態(tài)”就是行為或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)說呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，有一般狀態(tài)、進(jìn)行狀態(tài)、完成狀態(tài)或完成進(jìn)行狀態(tài)四種。由時(shí)和態(tài)結(jié)合，便形成下列九種時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來進(jìn)行時(shí)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，將來完成時(shí)；非謂語動(dòng)詞：（不定式：to play / ing形式/playing./過去分詞done.一 在句中做主語：Watching TV is fun. To watch Tv is fun.用不定式做主語，習(xí)慣上用it代替不定式做主語，而將

12、真正的主語放在句未。To watch Tv is fun=It is fun to watch TV.(非謂語動(dòng)詞做主語時(shí)，看作第三人稱單數(shù))Having many friends is good.二 用在謂語動(dòng)詞后的非謂語動(dòng)詞。He came to see me.1. 絕大多數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞后的非謂語動(dòng)詞用不定式。He helps to do homework.He allowed to go.2. 少量謂語動(dòng)詞后接非謂語動(dòng)詞必須用動(dòng)名詞。（ing 形式）Finish, mind, practice enjoy. Cant help(情不自禁) I finish doing homework./I

13、 often practice playing basketball.3，有些動(dòng)詞后既可以接不定式，也可以接動(dòng)名詞。意義完全一樣。（like,start,begin.I start to do homework=I start doing homework.4.有些動(dòng)詞后既可以接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞，但意義不一樣。（stop, remember, forget）Stop to do。 停下來去做某事Stop doing 停止做某事。The teacher is coming, please stop talking.Remember to do sth, 記住要做某事。Remember doi

14、ng ,記住做過某事。Forget to do sth: 忘記要做某事。Forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事。三 注意非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中做賓補(bǔ)。He helps me do homework.I see her come here.賓補(bǔ)的非謂語動(dòng)詞(由謂語動(dòng)詞決定)1 絕大多數(shù)非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)用動(dòng)詞不定式。I asked her to do homework. He allowed me to leave.2少數(shù)的謂語動(dòng)詞后賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞用省to的不定式。（一感：feel二聽 listen to.聽（動(dòng)作） Hear 聽見：（結(jié)果）三使（let, make,have），四看(see, look at,watch, observe)I let her k