ID控制的意義中英文翻譯資料

1、. The significance of PID controlThe current level of industrial automation industries to measure the level of modernization has become an important symbol. Meanwhile, the control also experienced the development of the theory of classical control theory, modern control theory and intelligent contro

2、l theory of three stages. Intelligent control is a typical example of fuzzy automatic washing machine. Open-loop control system can be divided into control systems and closed-loop control system. A control system including controller, sensors, transmitters, actuators, input and output interfaces. Co

3、ntroller's output through the output interface, the implementing agency, added to the charged system; control system, the amount charged, through sensors, transmitters, sent to the controller through the input interface. Different control systems, sensors, transmitters, actuators are not the sam

4、e. Such as pressure control system pressure sensor to be used. Electric heating control system sensor is a temperature sensor. At present, PID control and controller or intelligent PID controller (instrument) has a lot of products have been in the engineering practice has been widely applied, there

5、is a wide range of PID controllers, the major companies have developed PID parameter self-tuning capabilities of intelligent controller (intelligent regulator), which automatically adjusts the PID controller parameters are adjusted through the intelligent or self-correction, adaptive algorithms to a

6、chieve. PID control are achieved using pressure, temperature, flow, liquid level controller, PID control can achieve programmable controller (PLC), also allows PID control of PC systems, etc. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is to use the closed-loop PID control module to achieve control, program

7、mable logic controller (PLC) can be connected directly with ControlNet, such as Rockwell's PLC-5 and so on. PID control function also allows the controller, such as Rockwell's Logix product line, which can be connected directly with ControlNet, use the network to achieve its remote control f

8、unctions.1, the open-loop control system Open-loop control system (open-loop control system) is charged with the object output (controlled variables) on the controller (controller) did not affect the output. In this control system, not dependent on the amount will be charged against sending it back

9、to form any closed loops.2, closed loop control systemClosed loop control system (closed-loop control system) is characterized by the system control object output (controlled variables) will affect the controller against the output sent back to form one or more closed loop. Closed-loop control syste

10、m has positive feedback and negative feedback, if the feedback signal and system for a given value of signal contrast, is known as negative feedback (Negative Feedback), if the same polarity is called positive feedback, the general closed-loop negative feedback control systems are used , also known

11、as negative feedback control system. Many examples of closed loop control system. Such person is a negative feedback loop control system, the eye is the sensor, as feedback, the human system through constant correction to all the right moves last. If there are no eyes, no feedback loop, will become

12、an open-loop control system. Other cases, when a truly automatic washing machines have to continuously check whether clothes washed, and cut off the power automatically after cleaning, it is a closed loop control system.3, step response Step response is a step input (step function) added to the syst

13、em, the system outputs. Steady-state error is the response of the system into steady state, the system's expected output and actual output of the difference. Control system performance can be stable, accurate, fast and three words to describe. Stability is the stability of the system (stability)

14、, a system to work properly, first of all must be stable, from the step response appears to be that convergence; quasi-control system refers to the accuracy, control precision, usually stable state error to (Steady-state error) description, it said the system output and the expected steady-state val

15、ue of the difference; faster control system response is fast, usually the rise time to quantify.4, PID control principles and characteristicsIn engineering practice, the most widely used regulator control law is proportional, integral, differential control, referred to as PID control, also known as

16、PID regulator. PID controller has been developed for nearly 70 years, it is its simple structure, stable, reliable, easy to adjust and become one of the main techniques of industrial control. When the structure and parameters of the object and can not fully grasp, or lack of accurate mathematical mo

17、dels, control theory is difficult to use other technologies, the system controller structure and parameters must rely on experience and on-site commissioning to determine, when applied PID control technique is more convenient. That is, when we do not fully understand a system and the controlled obje

18、ct, or can not be an effective means of measurement to obtain system parameters, the most suitable PID control technology. PID control, in practice there are PI and PD control. PID controller is the error according to the system, using proportional, integral, differential calculation of the volume c

19、ontrol to control. Proportion (P) controlProportional control is the most simple control method. The controller's output and the input error signal proportional. When only a proportional control system output when there is steady-state error (Steady-state error). Integral (I) control In integral

20、 control, the controller's output and the input error signal proportional to the integral. An automatic control system into the steady state if there is steady-state error, claimed that this control system is called a steady-state error or poor system (System with Steady-state Error). In order t

21、o eliminate steady state error, the controller must introduce the "integral term." Integral term of the error depends on the time integral, as time increases, integral term will increase. Thus, even if the error is very small, integral term will increase over time to increase its promotion

22、 of the controller output increases to further reduce the steady-state error, until zero. Therefore, the ratio of + integral (PI) controller allows the system to enter steady state of no steady state error.Differential (D) control In the differential control, the controller output and differential i

23、nput error signal (ie, rate of change of error) is proportional to. Automatic control system to overcome the errors in the adjustment process of oscillation or even instability may occur. The reason is because of greater inertia components (links), or a lag (delay) component, can inhibit the role of

24、 error, the changes always lag behind changes in the error. The solution is to change the role of inhibition of error, "ahead", that is close to zero in the error and suppress the role of error should be zero. This means that the controller only the introduction of the "ratio" it

25、em is often not enough, the proportion of item only to enlarge the role of the magnitude of the error, but now need to increase the "differential item" that can change the trend of forecast errors, In this way, with the proportion of + differential controller, it can advance to the role of

26、 inhibition of the control error is zero, even negative, thus avoiding the charged amount of serious overshoot. Therefore have greater inertia or lag the controlled object, proportional + derivative (PD) controller5, PID controller tuning Tuning PID controller is the core of the control system desig

27、n. It is based on the characteristics of controlled process to determine the proportion of PID controller coefficients, integral time and derivative time, the size of the. PID controller tuning are many ways to sum up, there are two categories: First, tuning the theoretical calculation. It is mainly

28、 based on the mathematical model, through theoretical calculations to determine the controller parameters. This method the calculated data may not be directly used, it must adjust and revise engineering. Second, the tuning method works, it mainly relies on engineering experience, directly in the con

29、trol experiments carried out, and the method is simple, easy to master, in engineering practice is widely used. PID controller parameter tuning method works, mainly the critical ratio, reaction curve and attenuation. Three methods have their own characteristics, their common points are the experimen

30、t, and then follow the empirical formula works on the controller parameter tuning. But no matter which method used by the controller parameters are needed in the actual operation of the final adjustment and improvement. Now commonly used is the critical ratio method. PID controller using the method

31、parameter setting of the following steps: (1) first pre-select a short enough sampling period of the system to work; (2) by adding proportional control only part until the system appears critical step response input oscillation Note the amplification factor and the proportion of time critical oscill

32、ation period; (3) a certain degree of control in the formula be adopted under the PID controller parametersPID控制的意義目前工業(yè)自動化水平已成為衡量各行各業(yè)現(xiàn)代化水平的一個重要標(biāo)志。同時，控制理論的發(fā)展也經(jīng)歷了古典控制理論、現(xiàn)代控制理論和智能控制理論三個階段。智能控制的典型實例是模糊全自動洗衣機(jī)等。自動控制系統(tǒng)可分為開環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)和閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)。一個控制系統(tǒng)包括控制器、傳感器、變送器、執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)、輸入輸出接口。控制器的輸出經(jīng)過輸出接口、執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)，加到被控系統(tǒng)上；控制系統(tǒng)的被控量，經(jīng)過傳感器

33、，變送器，通過輸入接口送到控制器。不同的控制系統(tǒng)，其傳感器、變送器、執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)是不一樣的。比如壓力控制系統(tǒng)要采用壓力傳感器。電加熱控制系統(tǒng)的傳感器是溫度傳感器。目前，PID控制及其控制器或智能PID控制器（儀表）已經(jīng)很多，產(chǎn)品已在工程實際中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，有各種各樣的PID控制器產(chǎn)品，各大公司均開發(fā)了具有PID參數(shù)自整定功能的智能調(diào)節(jié)器，其中PID控制器參數(shù)的自動調(diào)整是通過智能化調(diào)整或自校正、自適應(yīng)算法來實現(xiàn)。有利用PID控制實現(xiàn)的壓力、溫度、流量、液位控制器，能實現(xiàn)PID控制功能的可編程控制器(PLC)，還有可實現(xiàn)PID控制的PC系統(tǒng)等等。 可編程控制器(PLC) 是利用其閉環(huán)控制模塊來實現(xiàn)

34、PID控制，而可編程控制器可以直接與ControlNet相連，如Rockwell的PLC-5等。還有可以實現(xiàn) PID控制功能的控制器，如Rockwell 的Logix產(chǎn)品系列，它可以直接與ControlNet相連，利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)來實現(xiàn)其遠(yuǎn)程控制功能。1、開環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)開環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)是指被控對象的輸出(被控制量)對控制器的輸出沒有影響。在這種控制系統(tǒng)中，不依賴將被控量反送回來以形成任何閉環(huán)回路。2、閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)的特點是系統(tǒng)被控對象的輸出(被控制量)會反送回來影響控制器的輸出，形成一個或多個閉環(huán)。閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)有正反饋和負(fù)反饋，若反饋信號與系統(tǒng)給定值信號相反，則稱為負(fù)反饋，若極性相同，則稱為正反饋

35、，一般閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)均采用負(fù)反饋，又稱負(fù)反饋控制系統(tǒng)。閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)的例子很多。比如人就是一個具有負(fù)反饋的閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)，眼睛便是傳感器，充當(dāng)反饋，人體系統(tǒng)能通過不斷的修正最后作出各種正確的動作。如果沒有眼睛，就沒有了反饋回路，也就成了一個開環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)。另例，當(dāng)一臺真正的全自動洗衣機(jī)具有能連續(xù)檢查衣物是否洗凈，并在洗凈之后能自動切斷電源，它就是一個閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)。3、階躍響應(yīng)階躍響應(yīng)是指將一個階躍輸入加到系統(tǒng)上時，系統(tǒng)的輸出。穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差是指系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)進(jìn)入穩(wěn)態(tài)后，系統(tǒng)的期望輸出與實際輸出之差?？刂葡到y(tǒng)的性能可以用穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)、快三個字來描述。穩(wěn)是指系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性，一個系統(tǒng)要能正常工作，首先必須是穩(wěn)定的，從階躍響應(yīng)

36、上看應(yīng)該是收斂的；準(zhǔn)是指控制系統(tǒng)的準(zhǔn)確性、控制精度，通常用穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差來描述，它表示系統(tǒng)輸出穩(wěn)態(tài)值與期望值之差；快是指控制系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)的快速性，通常用上升時間來定量描述。4、PID控制的原理和特點在工程實際中，應(yīng)用最為廣泛的調(diào)節(jié)器控制規(guī)律為比例、積分、微分控制，簡稱PID控制，又稱PID調(diào)節(jié)。PID控制器問世至今已有近70年歷史，它以其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、穩(wěn)定性好、工作可靠、調(diào)整方便而成為工業(yè)控制的主要技術(shù)之一。當(dāng)被控對象的結(jié)構(gòu)和參數(shù)不能完全掌握，或得不到精確的數(shù)學(xué)模型時，控制理論的其它技術(shù)難以采用時，系統(tǒng)控制器的結(jié)構(gòu)和參數(shù)必須依靠經(jīng)驗和現(xiàn)場調(diào)試來確定，這時應(yīng)用PID控制技術(shù)最為方便。即當(dāng)我們不完全了解一個系統(tǒng)和被控對象，或不能通