人教版初二上英語知識(shí)點(diǎn) 單元

1、初二英語上冊(cè)u(píng)nit 1 where did you go on vacation ?1. anywhere adv. 否/疑問/條件狀從somewhere adv.肯形容詞放其后eg. you can go anywhere interesting if you want.-did you go _b_last summer holiday?-yes. i went to shanghai disney.a. somewhere special b. anywhere special c. special somewhere d. special anywhere2. 形容詞修飾不定代詞ev

2、erywhere 肯“到處” nowhere 不在任何地方-反-anywhere任何地方some-， any-, every-, no-, 加 one, -body, -thinganything 復(fù)合不定代詞 否/疑， if/whether之后 形容詞放其后something 肯e.g. do you have anything to say ?last night i saw someone strange lying on the ground near my home.if you have anything important to tell me, please call me.-

3、tom, please come here. i have_c_ to tell you.-ok. im coming.a. anything important b. important something c. something important d. important anything3. how do you like? 你覺得怎么樣=what do you think of? = how do you feel about?eg. how do you like your new job?=what do you think of your new job?=how do yo

4、u feel about your new job?4.bored 人 感受 -edboring 物 事物的特征 -inge.g. she is bored with her job.the lecture was deadly boring. do you find yourself getting impatient or _a_ with people over由于unimportant things?a. bored b. boring c. tiring d. tired5.because of +n. 短語，代詞等because +句子e.g. and because of the

5、 bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.and we couldnt see anything below because the weather was bad.1、please be brief because i am in a hurry. 我有急事，請(qǐng)長話短說。2、i did not go to the cinema because of the intense cold. 我因?yàn)閲?yán)寒沒出去看電影。3、i didn't buy it because it was too expensive. 我沒有買是因?yàn)樗F了。4、he i

6、s here because of you (that). 他為你(那事)而來這里。5、he lost his job because of his age. 由于年齡關(guān)系他失去了工作。6.enough adj. i have enough money to buy a new book. adv. he is not old enough to go to school.adj. + enough + to do sth. 足夠做she is old _enough_ _to_ make her own decision.7. 一般過去時(shí) 過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)（1）肯：主語+was/were

7、/v-p +其他 we were pupils two years ago.i went to the zoo last week.（2）否：主語+was/were + not ; 主語+ didnt + v原 + 其他he wasnt here just now.he didnt go to school last friday.（3）一般疑問句： was/were + 主語 + 其他 ？did + 主語 + v原 + 其他 ？you were at home this morning.were you at home this morning?your brother played com

8、puter games last sunday.did you brother play computer games last sunday?unit 2 how often do you exercise ?1. 不得不；必須have to 客觀需要 must 主觀愿望、看法we had to walk to school yesterday.its too late, i have to go now.you must finish the work before.we have to finish the work before lunch.2. want to do sth. 想要做

9、sth.i want to go shopping.want sb. to do sth. 想要sb.做sth. v +賓+賓補(bǔ)she wanted me to read it again.類似的動(dòng)詞：ask, teach, tell, wish, invite, order3. be good +介詞be good to 對(duì)很好 she is good to everyone.be good for 對(duì)有益/有好處 eating vegetables is good for your health.be good at 擅長 he is good at speaking english.be

10、 good with 與相處得好 he is very good with the children.do harm to=be bad for=be harmful to 對(duì)有害 nowadays, almost everyone knows air pollution is harmful to peoples health.it not only disturbs others, but also does harm to peoples hearing.4. it 作形式主語 動(dòng)詞不定式做真正的主語it is/was + adj. + to do sth. 做sth.(adj.)it

11、is everyones duty to obey the law.it is difficult for a foreigner to learn chinese.it is/was + adj. (for sb.) + to do sth. 對(duì)sb.來說做sth.是的 adj. 表事物的特征，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossiblee.g. its very hard for him to learn two foreign languages.it is/was +adj. of sb. + to do sth. sb. 做sth.，

12、真(adj.)adj. 表人物的性格、品德，常表示主觀感情或態(tài)度，如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolishe.g. its very nice of you to help me.5. 頻率副詞always總是；永遠(yuǎn)；始終 100% usually 通常；經(jīng)常 75%often 時(shí)常；常常 50% sometimes 有時(shí) 20%hardly幾乎不 5% never 從不 0%6. how often/soon/long/farhow often“多久一次”頻率 e.g.-how often do you visit your mother? -once a we

13、ek.how soon “多久之后”多久能完成 對(duì)（從即時(shí)起）到將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻間的時(shí)間長短提問，回答通常為 in+一段時(shí)間 e.g. how soon will he be back？-in an hour.how far “多遠(yuǎn)” 路程 e.g.-how far is it from here to the zoo? -its 6 kilometers.how long “時(shí)間多久；物體多長”一段時(shí)間/長度一般對(duì)過去發(fā)生的時(shí)間提問e.g. how long did he stay here? -about two weeks.對(duì)物體長度提問e.g.-how long is the board?

14、 -about one meter.7.through,across 介詞 穿過through 內(nèi)部/中間 如人群中，陽光中，物體中間等等；可用于抽象e.g. the sunlight comes through the glass. i don't know how they get through these cold winters. across表面 go across 與cross（v./n.） 同義across是介詞，有“橫跨，橫穿，穿越”之意。e.g. go across (cross) the road, and you will find the post

15、office on your right.the great green wall is across the northwest of china.綠色長城橫跨中國西北unit 3 im more outgoing than my sister1. both做主語常與介詞of連用，構(gòu)成bothofe.g. both of us like watching the talent show.both and “兩者都”鏈接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) e.g. both my father and my mother are english teachers. practice: -please

16、turn down the music. _c_dad_ mom are sleeping. -sorry, ill do it right away. a. neither; nor b. either; or c. both; and d. not only; but also2. 反意疑問句的用法 規(guī)則：“前肯后方，前否后肯” 陳述部分+反義部分 希望證實(shí)所敘述的內(nèi)容兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定陳述+否定疑問 e.g. the students enjoy playing football, dont they?否定陳述+肯定反意疑問e.g. you didnt go, did you?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be

17、/have(has)done/doi can speak english, _cant i_?i cant speak japanese, _can i_?she hasnt been to japan, _has she_?i didnt go to school, _did_i_? practice: he has few friends in his new school, _b_?a. hasnt he b. does he c. is he d. doesnt heshe is a nurse, _isnt_she_?she has eaten dinner, _hasnt_she_

18、?i have a house, _dont_ _i_?i have bought a car, _havent _ _i_?i have a cold, _dont _ _i_?she likes me, _doesnt_ _she_?he played cards, _didnt_ _he_?如何回答，根據(jù)事實(shí)回答yes/no, 是否符合陳述部分“前否后肯” 的回答yes或no與漢語正好相反。這種省略回答的yes要譯成“不”，no要譯成“是”。 they work hard, dont they?他們努力工作，不是嗎？yes, they do.對(duì),他們工作努力。/no, they don&

19、#39;t.不，他們工作不努力。they dont work hard, do they? 他們不太努力工作，是嗎？yes, they do. 不，他們工作努力。/no, they don't. 是的， 他們工作不努力。以lets開頭的祈使句，附加問句用shall we；以let us開頭的，則用 will youe.g. lets go home， shall we？咱們回家吧，好嗎？let us go home， will you？讓我們回家吧，好嗎？2. lets 和let uslets中us包括對(duì)方e.g. lets try again.咱們?cè)僭囈幌掳蒷et us 不包括對(duì)方e

20、.g. let us know the time of your arrival.告訴我們你到達(dá)的時(shí)間practice: mom, lets go shopping.媽媽，我們一起去購物吧 mom, let us go shopping. 媽媽，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我們?nèi)ベ徫?. asas 的用法 “像一樣”用于同級(jí)比較 “as + 形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as” 表示兩者在某一方面相同或相等e.g. mary works as carefully as linda. “not as/soas” 不像一樣e.g. spring isnt as/so cold as winter. “as much/many+u

21、/n+as” 可用于表示數(shù)量 e.g. i havent got as much money as i thought. 我不像原來想象的有那么多錢。 practice: my father think writing is as _a_ as reading.a. interesting b. interested c. more interesting d. more interested4. have fun 的用法 “玩得高興，過得快樂”have fun (in) doing sth. 做sth.有樂趣have a good time enjoy oneselfe.g. we have

22、 fun (in) reading english novels.practice: -did you have _a_ good time yesterday? -yeah, i really had _ fun at the party.a. a; / b. a; the c. /; the d. the; a5. makemake sb. do sth. 讓/使sb. 做sth. e.g. his words made us feel so excited. the boss made the workers work day and night.see, watch, look at

23、三看 hear, listen to 兩聽feel一感 以及l(fā)et, have, make 三個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞后跟省略to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)e.g. did you hear him go out? i often see him play basketball in the playground.practice: the child is crying. please do something to make him_b_.a. stop to cry b. stop crying c. to stop crying6. as long as “只要”條件狀從 e.g. you may take t

24、his book away as long as you return it on time. practice: -whats your opinion on friends? 你對(duì)于朋友的觀點(diǎn)是什么 -they are like books. we dont need a lot of them _a_ they are good. a. as long as b. as soon as c. so that d. as if7. the same as 和一樣 e.g. your opinion is the same as mine. practice: its not necessa

25、ry to find a friend who is the same _b_ you.a. in b. as c. to d. from8. be similar to sb./sth. 與sb./sth.相似 e.g. my problems are similar to yours. practice: nana is _d_ to her father in many ways. for example, they are both tall.a. different b. kind c. friendly d. similar9. be different from 和不同 反義詞t

26、he same as e.g. my job is different from his. practice：-are you different _ your friend? -no, we are similar _ each other. a. from, to b. to, from c. from, from d. in, from different adj. difference n.不同點(diǎn) important adj. importance n. 重要性10. 形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)比較級(jí)/最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則：變化規(guī)則例詞單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加-er/ -estsma

27、ller, taller, higher以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾加-r/-stfiner, nicer, later以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，y變i 加-er/-esteasier, earlier, heavier, happier重度閉音節(jié)詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫加-er/-estbigger, fatter, thinner,多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞前加more/mostmore outgoing/interesting常見不規(guī)則many/much變more, mostgood/well變better, best bad/ill變worse, worstlittle變less, leastfar變far

28、ther/further, farthest/furthestold變older/elder, oldest/eldest 10.1 比較級(jí)特別用法和句型（1）同級(jí)比較倍數(shù)比較：your room is twice as big as mine.this bridge is three times as long as that one.my handwriting is not half as good as yours.asas possible 表示盡可能 he is coming here as fast as possible.= he is coming here as fast

29、as he can.（2）可用于修飾比較級(jí)的詞主要包括：much, a bit, a little, a lot, rather, far, even, still, a great deal, twice, many times, one third, any等tom is much shorter than his brother.don't go by plane. it's a lot more expensive.in my eyes, susan is pretty while lucy is even prettier.my sister is two years

30、 younger than me.it is one-fourth cheaper than the market price.比較級(jí)比較級(jí),表示“越,就越the more money you make, the more you spend.the younger you are, the easier it is to learn.the faster i type, the more mistakes i make.（3）the+比較級(jí)+ of the two, “兩個(gè)中比較的”of the two girls, lynn is the more beautiful girl.he is

31、 the better of the two.mary is the taller of the twins.（4）表示倍數(shù)our classroom is twice bigger than theirs.this rule is three times longer than that one.10.2 最高級(jí)其他用法（1）“主語+ be + one of the adj.最高級(jí) + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 范圍”表示“是中最之一”computer is one of the most important inventions in the world.this is one of the most

32、 interesting stories i have ever heard.（2）adj. 最高級(jí)前可加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾最”the yellow river is the second longest river in china.11. both, all, neither, none, either的用法both: 兩者都both兩者都 neither 兩者都不all三者都none 三者都不both of my friends are friends.both he and his brother are students.all of us like to eat apples. =

33、we all like to eat apples.all of the oil is used up.neither of my parents （v單數(shù)）is coming here.neither james nor i am from canada.（就近原則）none of us agreed with him.unit 4 whats the best movie theater?1. be close to 離近the supermarket is close to my house.close adj. 親密的，密切的she is a close friend of their

34、s.close v. 關(guān)閉please close the window before leaving the office.-where is shenzhen concert hall? how can we get there?-it is close to the bookshop.a. behind b. opposite c. near2. some 的特殊用法 通常some 肯定句 any 否定句/疑問句 there are some letters for you. are there any letters for me?在表示請(qǐng)求或建議的疑問句中，希望得到肯定回答時(shí)，通常用

35、some不用anymay i have some paper?can you lend me some money?why not give her some flowers?would you like some bananas?shall i get some water for you?-would you like_ coffee?-no, thanks. i dont want _ drinks now.a. any, any b. any, some c. some, any d. some, some3. have in common“有相同特征；（想法、興趣等方面）相同” ha

36、ve nothing in common 沒有共同點(diǎn) the two sisters have nothing in common.所有這些文章都有一個(gè)共同之處。all these articles have one thing _ _.play a role 發(fā)揮作用，有影響play an important role in 在中起重要作用若要進(jìn)一步引出具體內(nèi)容用介詞in, “在起重要作用或承擔(dān)某種角色”the media play a major role in influencing peoples opinions.the internet _ an important _ in pe

37、oples work and life.4. look like, take after, be similar to look like 看起來像 （外觀上像）you look like your father. take after 長得像，行為、性格等像，有時(shí)相當(dāng)于be similar to mary really takes after her mother.be similar to 用法廣泛，相似的物品或情景的對(duì)比上my pen is similar to yours.unit 5 do you want to watch a game show?1. mind 介意 常用于否定句

38、、疑問句 介詞-would you mind lending me your bike?-of course not.plan 名詞make a plan for sth. 為某事制定計(jì)劃 a plan to do sth. 制定計(jì)劃做sth.作動(dòng)詞plan to do sth. 計(jì)劃做sth.-what are you going to do tonight?-i plan_ days of our past.我們逝去的日子a. watch b. watching c. to watch d. watched2. hope hope to do sth. 希望做sth. 但是不能接“賓語+不

39、定式”，可跟that（that可省）從句i hope to arrive home as soon as possible.i hope (that) you can help me with my math.（不能說i hope you to help me with my math.）we hope to see you again.= we hope we can see you again.she said she hoped _ her daughter.a. to see b. you to see c. seeing3. famous be famous for 因而出名beij

40、ing is famous for many places of interest.名勝古跡be famous as 作為而出名sun yang is famous as a swimmer.4. ready be ready to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備好、樂于做某事he is always ready to help others. be/get ready for sth. 為sth.準(zhǔn)備im ready for my english test. try ones best to do sth. 盡某人最大努力去做sth.i plan to try my best to help the

41、old man.5. look, see, watch, notice look看 (強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作 集中注意力有意識(shí)的行為)look！ the bus is coming. see 看見，看到 (強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果)can you see the ufo in the sky. watch 觀看 (強(qiáng)調(diào)專注地看，有欣賞意味，多指看電視節(jié)目、比賽)do you often watch this tv program? notice 注意到 (常指無意識(shí)的行為)he passed by me without noticing me.6. expect, hope, wish, look forward to

42、 expect “期望、待”（相信有實(shí)現(xiàn)可能的） n./ to do/賓語+賓補(bǔ)we expect him to come to help us. hope 主觀愿望，(對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)有信心 ) to do短語/that從句，不可接賓語+ 不定式i hope to spend a year in america after i leave school. wish “但愿，希望” (未完成或不能完成) to do 短語/雙賓語/賓+賓補(bǔ)/that從句we wish him to feel well again soon. look forward to“盼望，期望”(向往某事) 其中to為介詞we a

43、re looking forward to seeing you soon.6. happen, take place 發(fā)生 無被動(dòng) happen 偶然或突發(fā)事件an accident happened in that street. take place 一般指安排或計(jì)劃發(fā)生的when will your wedding take place.unit 6 i m going to study computer science.1. 1. 表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2. 將來某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)例句1. he will get married. 他就快結(jié)婚了 1

44、0; 。2. she will have a daughter.她就會(huì)有個(gè)女兒了。3. the cat will have a master.貓要有主人了。4. the dog will have a house. 狗就要有窩了。5. telephone me this evening. i will be at home. 今晚給我打電話，我會(huì)在家。6. i shall/will do a better job next time. 下次我要干得好7. the car wont start.車開不了啦。8. oil and water will not mix. 油水沒法混在一起。

45、9. will you do your homework on sunday？10. will she go to shanghai next year？11. will tom wash his clothes tomorrow?12. mary isnt here now；she will be back in an hour.13. if i give him five books，he will be happy.14. 特別注意：will是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其后面必須跟動(dòng)詞原形。如果，后面是副詞（back是副詞），或者是形容詞（happy是形容詞），要在will后面加上be?？隙ň洌褐髡Z+

46、be going to do /主語+will+ 動(dòng)詞原形否定句：主語+ be not going to do /主語+ will not(wont)+ 動(dòng)詞原形疑問句：be動(dòng)詞+主語+ going to do /will+主語+ 動(dòng)詞原形簡略回答：（肯）yes,主語shall/will (否) no,主語 shall/will not特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（就主語提問時(shí)，以疑問 詞who開頭的疑問詞除外）- why will you be here on sunday?（周日你為什么將要在這兒？）-i will have a meeting on sunday（我將要在周日舉行一

47、個(gè)聚會(huì)）（對(duì)特殊疑問句要進(jìn)行具體回答）一般疑問句：be或will提到句首，some改any, and改or，第一二人稱互換we are going to go on an outing this weekend.-are you going to go on an outing this weekend?被動(dòng)句：will/shall+be+v.ed(及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞）the letter will be sent tomorrow.這封信明天將寄出去we shall be punished if we break the rule.如果我們違反規(guī)定，我們將受到懲罰。shall 僅用于第一人稱，

48、will用于所有人稱will, be going to be going to 主觀計(jì)劃、打算、安排不宜用be going to 的情況： 臨時(shí)決定將要做 someone is knocking the door, and ill open it.客觀必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事 tomorrow will be sunday.2. tooto太而不能he is too young to join the army.too +adj./adv. (原級(jí)) + to +v. 原有時(shí)可帶由介詞for引出的邏輯主語 the box is too heavy for the boy to carry. tooto與

49、sothat之間的轉(zhuǎn)換that 后從句為否定式 主句主語和從句主語相同（主主從主相同）sothat 可用tootohe was too tired to walk on.= he was so tired that he couldnt walk on. 主句主語和從句主語不一樣（主主從主不同）sothat可用toofor sb. tothe bag is too heavy for her to move.=the bag is so heavy that she cant move it. tooto有時(shí)可與motenough to 互換she is too young to go to

50、school.= she is so young that she cant go to school.=she is not old enough to go to school.the train travelled _ fast for us to see much outside the window.a. quite b. very c. too d. so unit 7 will people have robots?1. 一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成“助動(dòng)詞will + 動(dòng)詞原形”人稱肯定式否定式疑問式第一人稱i/we will goi/we will not goshall i/we go

51、 第二人稱you will go you will not gowill you go第三人稱he/she/it/they will gohe/she/it/they will not gowill he/she/it/they gohe will get married. 他就快結(jié)婚了 1  。she will have a daughter.她就會(huì)有個(gè)女兒了。the cat will have a master.貓要有主人了there be 句型的一般將來時(shí)there will be 是there be 的一般將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：“there will be + 主+

52、 其他” “there is/are going to be +主+ 其他” there will be more flowers. there is going to be a basketball match this afternoon.否定句there will not/wont be +主一般疑問will there be +主肯定回答yes, there will.否定回答no，there wont.there wont be more cars in the future.-will there be more cars in the future?-yes, there wil

53、l.-no, there wont.the tv news reports that there _ a storm the day after tomorrow.a. is b. was c. will be d. has been2. a few (肯) 一些；幾個(gè)few (否) 幾乎沒有a little （肯）一點(diǎn)little (否) 幾乎沒有hes lived here for a long time but has few friends.hes lived here for a short time but has already had a few friends.3. it t

54、akes + 時(shí)間+ to do sth. it takes/ took/ will take sb. some time to do sth.某人花費(fèi)一段時(shí)間做某事it took us half an hour to cook dinner.4. hundred/thousand 與數(shù)字連用，用單數(shù)i have two hundred and thirty-five books. hundreds/thousands of 不與具體數(shù)字連用，表示不確定的數(shù)時(shí)“大量；許多；數(shù)百計(jì)的；成百的”“成千上萬的；數(shù)千計(jì)的”there are hundreds of books on the desk.in our hometown, _ villagers leave for big cities to look for jobs.a. two hundreds of b. hundred of c. hundreds of d. two hundreds5. cost, take, pay, spendco