名詞形容詞副詞復習

1、A.個體名詞, B.集體名詞, C.物質(zhì)名詞, D.抽象名詞,如如如如一般在詞尾直接加-s,如books,boys 等 o以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加 等。以輔音字母加"y”結(jié)尾的名詞,-es,如 buses, boxes , watches變“y”為“i”，再加.es,如名詞復習語言實踐與內(nèi)容梳理：一、名詞的種類名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞。專有名詞指某個人、 地方、機廂等好定名詞，如Lucy , Beijing 普通名詞一加殳指一類人 或東西，或是一個抽象的概念的名稱。從四方面掌握worker, book 等；family , class 等;glass, coffee 等；

2、life, love等。其中個體名詞和集體名詞合成為可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞合成為不可數(shù)名詞。名詞的數(shù) 不可數(shù)名詞，包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞，從某種意義不能計 數(shù)，只有單數(shù)形式。可數(shù)名詞，包括個體名詞和集體名詞，通常有單 復數(shù)的區(qū)別?？蓴?shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式一般在單數(shù)后面加s構(gòu)成，加-s 詞尾的主要方式有以下幾 點：family families, story stories,citycities 等。以f, fe結(jié)尾的名詞通常變f,以為v,讓后再加knife- knives, wife一 wives等。（注意：以o結(jié)尾的名詞變復數(shù)，不同的語 咨教材對此規(guī)定不一。為記 憶方便，一般認為：初中教材常

3、見的單 詞， 如 tomatotomatoes, potato potatoeso 其他 photo photos, radio radios ,piano pianos, kilo kilos ,zoo zoos 等。）少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則復數(shù)形式，如： man men, womanwomen, foot feet, child children, tooth teeth, mouse mice 等。一些名詞單復數(shù)形式相同，如 Chinese, Japanese eer, sheep, people, cattle, fish 等。還有些名詞通常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，如clothes, glasses

4、, thanks, noodles 等。在two men doctors, some women eurse這s類短語中更要注意此處的 men, women的用法 問題了。二、名詞的格名詞的格，分主格、賓格以及所有格。名詞主賓格在句 法上沒有拼寫區(qū)別，一般不作為學習的重點。名詞的所有格指 有些名詞可以在后面加s來表示所有關(guān)系。如露西的書包,Lucy' sbag o bookso Nurses1 Day Teachers' Day名詞的所有格一般在后面加s,如上例，還有一些其他表現(xiàn)形式一個名詞如其復數(shù)形式以s結(jié)尾，直接在S后打，如 the students'如其復數(shù)形式特

5、唳，不以s結(jié)尾，在后加s,如Children 1 Dsayo Mother ' s Day the teacher ' s desk如一個東西為兩者共有，只在第二者后加 s表現(xiàn)為AandBI例This is Lily and Lucy 1 rsoom.如兩魯分別擁有，則分別加，s表現(xiàn)為A' asndB，s如These areLily ' asnd Lucy 1 rsooms名詞所有格主要用于表示有生命的東西的名詞但如表示時間、距離、國家、城市、團體等無生命的名詞，也可以用亭后加/勺方法，如 ten minutes 1 walk, today ' s ne

6、ws, the People1 s cinema凡不能力口 飛的名詞，都可以與of構(gòu)成所有 關(guān)系，如the map of China, the name of themovie等。雙重所有格是一種特殊形式，of結(jié)構(gòu)與名詞所有格飛結(jié)合使用，如a friend of my father rSo of加名詞性物主代詞也可以構(gòu)成雙重所有格,如 a friend of mine。三、加后綴變名詞川ness sicknessA. adj+ness變成名詞goodness sadness blindness kindnessrichness fitnessdarkness happy-happinessug

7、ly-uglinessbusy-business lazy-lazinessB. V+ion變成名詞attract-attractionact-action collect-collectioninstruct-instructiondiscuss-discussion suggest-suggestionprotect-protectionconnect-connectioninvent-inventiondecide-decisionpollute-pollutioneducate-educationinvite-invitationrealize-realizationdonate-do

8、nation celebrate-celebrationoperate-operationorganize-organizationintroduce-introductionpronounce-pronunciation*describe-description compete-competition CV+ing變成名詞meet-meeting clean-cleaning wash-washing feel-feeling paint-paintingspell- spellingtrain-trainingskate- skating ski-skiingswim-swimmingbe

9、gin-beginningsay-saying end-ending mean-meaninghunt-huntingdive-divinghike-hiking ride-riding cycle-cyclingshop-shoppingjog-joggingD V/adj +th變成名詞 high-height,weigh-weight, long-length,grow-growth, warm-warmth (hotheat,beautiful-beauty, proud-pride, dangerous-danger,safe-safety, deaddeath, angry-ang

10、er, hungry hungerserve-servicepossible-possibility)E +er/or構(gòu)成名詞1 .力口 er: speaker, teacher, farmer reporter,waiter2 . 雙些t司尾力口 er: winner,beginner, runner, swimmer3 .有 e 力口 匚writer, dancer4 .力口 or: vis計or, actor director,editor inventor, sailor,survivor5 . 力口 (r)ess, actress,hairdress, waitress6 .力口 i

11、st: science-scientist piano- pianist tour-tourist art-artist type-typist四、名詞加后綴變形容詞careful/less useful/less cheerful/less colorful/less helpful/less homeful/less hopeful/less harmful/less meaningful/less thoughtful/less thankful/less powerful/tasteful/tasteless (tasty) wonderful delightful grateful-

12、ungrateful successfulunsuccessful peaceful- unpeaceful endless noisy-noiseless形容詞加前綴構(gòu)成反義詞1 un-ablecomfortable countable friendly grateful happy helpful healthy kind known like lovely lucky natural necessary selfish thankful usual welcome willing certain popular important 2in- activecomplete correct

13、formal 3.ir-regularsleepless (sleepy)4.im- polite possible patient5.dis- abled like honest appear agree六、名詞變形容詞A單詞+y變成形容詞health-healthy luck-lucky rain-rainy snow-snowy wind-windy cloud-cloudy sleep-sleepy frost-frosty mist-misty noise-noisy taste-tasty shine-shiny shining ice-icy sun-sunny fun-funn

14、y fog-foggyB 方位名詞 +ern 構(gòu)成形容詞 eastern southern, western, northern, 七、形容詞變副詞（1）直接加ly ,especially carefully excitedly polit ely mostly, recently （注，總: true-truly）以Ie結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加y構(gòu)成副詞possible-possibly simple- simply probable-probably comfortable-comfortably terrible-terribly suitable- suitably able-ably ge

15、ntle-gentlynoisy-noisily以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞，改y為i加ly happy-happily heavy-heavily healthy-healthily lucky-luckily angry-angrily（4） good-well（better,best）near weekly既可作形容詞也可作副詞的單詞Well hard early fast high wide close（6） compare （比較 1）: true- truly ,safe-safely（adj寬廣的;compare （比較 2） : hard （adj 困難的 /adv 努力） har

16、dly （ adv.幾乎不）widea wide road）（adv廣闊地，全力地 open your mouth wide） widely（adv.廣泛地，English is used widely） close （adj/adv 靠近的, 親密的，接近）sit close to, a close friend closely （adv.緊密）work closely with UNICEFdeep adj 深的 a deep holeadv.深地 dig a hole deepdeeply adv.深深地（感情）I was moved deeply by the story.（7）注意：

17、有些單詞有l(wèi)y,它不是副詞，而是一個形容詞friendly 5 lovely, likely （可能的）,lively lonely,elderly,用在系動詞之后,名詞之前。八、形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級（一）形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成:1 .單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞比較級和最高級的規(guī)則變化:規(guī)則原級比較級最局）級1 .在詞尾后直接加- er/esttall stricttallertallest2.詞尾是e,只加-r/stnicenicernicest3.以輔苜字母加y結(jié)尾 的，把y變i再加c/cc+happy tiny sillyhappierhappiest4.重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只

18、有一個輔音字母，雙 寫這個輔音字母，再fin八“/八八4thin sad fat slimthinnerthinnest2.其他雙音節(jié)詞或多音節(jié)詞，在該詞前面加-more/most beautifulmorebeautiful (the) most beautiful3 .由形容詞加ly構(gòu)成的雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，都是在該詞前加- more/most. quickly more quickly (the) most quickly difficultly 一more difficultly (the) most difficultly4 .不規(guī)則變化：good/wellbetterbestbad

19、/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar oldfarther/ further older/elderfarthest/ furthest oldest/eldest二）形容詞比較級和最高級的用法：1 .原級的用法：用于兩者之間對比，意思為“和相同”A+v.+as.+形容詞原級 +as B Tom is as honest as Jack. Her skin is aswhite as snow. My dog is as old as that one. He is not as (=so) tall as I. The

20、 weather here is not as(=so)cool as the weather in Harbin.2 .比較級的用法：1) A+形容詞比較級 +than+ B Susan is happier than Jane. His brother is two years younger than me. Beijing is more beautiful than Osaka.形容詞比較級前還 可以用 much, even, still, a little , far, a lot, a bit, much /far more 來修飾。Very, so, too, quite不能修

21、飾比較級，只能加原級。2)數(shù)字+形容詞比較級+thanI m two years older than you.She is a head taller than me.3)比較級+and+比較級，表示"越來越 "The earth is gettingwarmer and warmer. China becomes more and more beautiful4）the +比較級，the +比較級結(jié)構(gòu),表示“越就越” The more I study it, the more I like it.5) which/who +is + 比較級,A or B? Which

22、city is bigger, Beijing or Tianjin?Who is happier, you or me?6) the + 比較級(one )of the twoLily is the taller (one)of the twoDaniel chose the cheaper (one)of the two wathches.7) a+比較級+單數(shù)或比較級+復數(shù)I m sorry. This dress is too expensive. Do you have a cheaper one? These trousers are too short. Would you li

23、ke to show me longer ones?8) much , far, even,a little 等 + 比較級Today is foggy. And I ' m afraid tomorrow will be much foggier. You will have a even tastier meal tonight than yesterday evening.3.最覆級用法：1）用于三者及以上的人或事物的比較，最高級前加the,最高級前 有物主代 詞，序數(shù)詞和名詞所有格時，不加定冠詞.Most people like apples.Most of the boys

24、are good.It is our nearest neighbor in space.2）最高級后面跟帶in （在某范圍內(nèi)）或of （同一種事物或人）表范圍的短語。Mum is always the busiest in my family.Mum is always the busiest of usIn spaceOf the planets3） oneofthe+最高級+名詞復數(shù)Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities of the ten cities. Our city is one of the safest cities in

25、the world.4） the +序數(shù)詞+最高級+名詞單數(shù)Chang Jiang is the first longest river in China, the second highest building5最高級、比較級、原級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：例句最iWj級She is the best in her class.比較級She is better than any other student in her class. She is better than the other students in her class.She is better than all her other classmates .She is better than any other of her classmates . No other student in her class is better than she.原級