初中英語八級下冊Unit4知識點語法精講

1、八年級下unit 4 cartoons and comic strips一 、 短 語 歸 納 ： ic strip連環(huán)漫畫 2.pop out張大，睜大3.decide on 決 定4.video camera 攝像機5.play against同競賽6.weather forecast 天氣預(yù)報7.thank goodness 謝天謝地8.make it獲得勝利9.think of考慮，想起，記得what do you think of . ？ 10.have a good idea 有個好想法11.think about摸索，考慮12. add.to.把添加到13. sound effe

2、cts 音響成效14. at the underground station在地鐵站 15.look like看上去像 16.put.together把放在一起 17.the same as 與相同18.be different from與不同19.a pair of一雙20. at the top of在頂部21. look out=take care=be careful當(dāng)心22. pick up撿起 23.in trouble在困境中二、重點詞匯：1. appear+to be +adj.she appears to be happy at the news. 她聽到這個消息時顯得很高興

3、；appear +to do sthyou appear to travel quite a lot.你似乎走過很多地方；2. a bit of = a little3. be ready to do sth.be/get ready for sth. 4.the same as和一樣be different from和不同 5.look,sound,taste,smell,feel連系動詞后接形容詞作表語；6 .in trouble在困境中have trouble with sb./sth.某人 /某物有毛病 get into trouble惹上麻煩have trouble in doing

4、 sth.做某事有麻煩take the trouble to do sth.費勁做某事7. succeed in doing 做成某事8. laugh at sb.嘲笑某人9. tell sb. sth.告知某人某事tell sb. not to do sth.告知某人做某事10. be used to do 被用來做used to do 過去經(jīng)常做 be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做三、學(xué)問點講解與拓展：1. character： n. 人物、角色yue fei is a great historical character.2. think of考慮、摸索im thinking o

5、f going to paris for vacation.拓展： think of ：想起、記起i cant think of his name.think of ：對有某種看法，常用于“what do you think of”句型中what do you think of the book ？3. addto& add toaddto把加到上please add some salt to the water.add to添加， 增加（歡快、 困難等抽象名詞）do you have anything to add to the list.4. record v. 錄音ive rec

6、orded the whole concert.拓展： record n. 記錄set the record 制造記錄break the record 打破記錄hold the record 保持記錄5. decide on 打算、選定what made you decide on plan a.6. basic adj. 基礎(chǔ)的，基本的拓展： base basis n.基礎(chǔ)basic adj. 基本的basically adv, 基本上7. here it is.以 here 和 there 開頭的句子，如后面的主語為人稱代詞，主謂不倒裝；如后面的主語為名詞，主謂倒裝；here you ar

7、e.給你；here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了；8. forget v. 遺忘forget to do遺忘要做某事（動作沒發(fā)生）i forget to turn off the light. forget doing遺忘做過某事（動作已發(fā)生）i forget opening the door.9. look like看上去像tom looks like his father.拓展：提問長相：what do/ dose sb. look like.提問性格：what is sb. like.10. appear v. 顯得，看來，似乎a woman suddenly appear

8、ed in the doorway.拓展： appear （ to be） + adj./ n.she appears to be happy at the news. appear to do sth.you appear to travel quite a lot.11. a little & a bit1) 兩者都可以作副詞用，用來修飾形容詞（原級或比較級），或動詞；im a little/ bit hungry.2) 用作形容詞做定語時，a little 修飾不行數(shù)名詞，而a bit 后面加 of 再加不行數(shù)名詞；theres a little water.= there s

9、a bit of water.12. be ready to do sth.已完成某事，預(yù)備好做某事the contract will be ready to sign in two weeks.拓展： be/ get ready for sth.為做好預(yù)備are you ready for your teast.13. as well as 并且，仍；用來連接并列成分；連接并列主語時，謂語動詞與前一主語保持一樣；she is clever as well as beautiful.14. how to do疑問詞 + to do i don t know how to do it.拓展： w

10、hat to do 做什么where to go 去哪里why to do 為什么做15. don t+動詞原形 .否定祈使句，意為“不要，禁止”don t play jokes on me, will you.16. the same as和一樣the twins look the same as each other.拓展： be different from與不同london was different from most european capitals.17. look連系動詞，意為“看起來，看上去”，厚街形容詞作表語；alice looks happy today.拓展：連系動詞

11、仍有：:be是, look 看起來 , feel 摸上去 , seem似乎是 , appear似乎、顯得 , prove 證明是 , smell 聞起來 , taste嘗起來 , sound聽起來 等18. let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事在 let 引導(dǎo)的祈使句中，sb 可以是名詞，也可以說代詞的賓格；let him go.let 是使役動詞，常用的使役動詞仍有：make， have， leave 等；they made me repeat the story.19. a pair of+不行數(shù)名詞 / 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)a pair of shoes20. look out= pa

12、y attention to當(dāng)心、留意look out ！ there is a car coming ！拓展： look out of向外看she stopped writing and looked out of the window.21. pick up撿起，撿起she pick up a flower on the road.拓展： pick up sth.撿起某物，當(dāng)sth.是人稱代詞的賓格時，放在pick 之后，如： pick it up ；當(dāng) sth.是名詞時，可以放在pick up 中間或 up 之后，如： pick the pen up= pick up the pen ；

13、22. in trouble在困境中hes in trouble, let s help him.拓展：與trouble 相關(guān)的短語： get into trouble 惹上麻煩have trouble （ in） doing sth.做某事有困難23. success n. 勝利i wish you success with your studies.拓展： succeed v. 勝利； succeed in doing sth.successful adj. 勝利的；his business is successful.24. tell sb sth. 告知某人某事he told me t

14、he reason.tell sb. to do sth.告知某人做某事the teacher told him to clean the classroom.tell sb. not to do sth.告知某人不做某事he told us not to buy clothes in this store.25. laugh at 嘲笑don t laugh at him, please.練習(xí)：1. what do you your hometown. it is very beautiful. i love it very much.a. look atb. talk aboutc. th

15、ink ofd. think over2. when i was in the supermarket, i forgot money with me.a. to takeb.to takingc. takingd. bringing3. could you give me some advice. i don ktnow . why don ytou wear this red shirt. a.when to wearb.what to wearc.how to weard.where to wear4. most of my classmates don ltike to talk to

16、 teir parents, but i am them.a. different fromb.surprised atc. the same as d. proud of5. wheresyour ticket. show , please.a. me itb.it mec.me to itd.it to me6. -tom, read books while you are walking in the street.it vesry dangerous. -ok, thank you.a. don tb. doesn tc. wontd. can t7. he a piece of wa

17、ste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag.a. picked upb. threw awayc. looked ford. handed in8. i sture our football team will thismatch.we rthee best.a. winb. failc. losed. beat9. our teacher often tells us in the river.it dsangerous.a. don stwimb. not swimc. not to swimd. not swimming10. thanks to

18、 the internet, different kinds of information in a short time.a. can be learnedb.has been learnedc.can learnd.has learned五、語法被動語態(tài)（2）一. 概念：表示動作與主語之間是被動關(guān)系的句子是被動語態(tài)；二. 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)之間如何轉(zhuǎn)換wevisitedthat factorylast summer主動語態(tài)主語謂語賓語狀語that factorywas visitedby uslast summer被動語態(tài)主語謂語賓語狀語三. 各種不同時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的對比時態(tài)主動

19、語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時am / is / are + p.p.一般過去時was / were + p.p.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am / is / are +being +p.p.過去進(jìn)行時was / were + being + p.p.現(xiàn)在完成時have / has + been + p. p.（ 1）do they speak french .（ 2）they don t use the room .（ 1） the hunter killed a tiger .（ 2） he wrote many stories last year . 1these workers are building a

20、new bridge.（ 2）he is mending his car .(1) he was selling books .(2) they were discussing the plan at that time .1she has learned many english words. 2he has finished the work.is french spoken by them.the room isn t used by them. a tiger was killed by the hunter.many stories was written by him last y

21、ear.a new bridge is being built by these workers. his car is being mended by him .books were being built by him .the plan was being discussed by them at that timemany english words have been learned by he the work has been finished by him .過去完成時had + been + p.p.(1) they has solved the problem . 2we

22、had told him the news by then .the problem had been solved by them . the news had been told to him by us .一般將來時shall / will be + p.p.過去將來時would be + p.p.was/ were going to be + p.p.（ 1） i shall make a plan .(2) they are going to fix the radio in an hour.（ 1） he told me they would paint the room .（ 2

23、） they were going to put on a play the next week .a plan will be made by me .the radio is going to be fixed by them in an hou he told me the room would be painted by them.a play was going to be put by them the next week.情態(tài)動詞can / may / must / should+ be + p.p.四. 如何正確使用被動語態(tài)（ 1） we should hand in our

24、homework .（ 2 ） youmustanswerthequestionin english .our homework should be handed in by us.the question must be answered in english by you .1. 有些動詞帶有兩個賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語，變被動語態(tài)時，可把其中一個賓語變成主語，另一個留在被動結(jié)構(gòu)謂語后面；需要留意的是：如把直接賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語，需要在間接賓語之間加上介詞“ to”；eg. hwe eofaternetoelfltseuns tiontledreinsttienrgesstotirn

25、iegss. to（rie主s動b語y h態(tài)im） .interesting stories are often told to us by h i m.常帶雙賓語的詞有：tell , show , lend , pass 等；（被動語態(tài)）2. 在主動語態(tài)中， 某些動詞之后帶有復(fù)合賓語，即賓語和賓語補足語，這個復(fù)合賓語由動詞不定式來充當(dāng)，to 被省略，但在被動語態(tài)中，這個to 仍要仍原；eg. i often hear her sing this popular song .（主動語態(tài)）賓語賓語補足語she is often heard復(fù)t合o s賓ing語this popular song

26、. （被動語態(tài)） 有這種用法的常用動詞有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice 等；3. 有些“ be + 過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動語態(tài)，它們可能是“系表結(jié)構(gòu)（即系動詞之后由過去分詞來充當(dāng)表語）；”the door isclosed. 門是關(guān)著的； 系表結(jié)構(gòu) the dgolaosrsiscblrooskeednb.y這f個en玻g璃pi杯ng是.這壞個的門是；由系馮表平結(jié)來構(gòu)關(guān)的；被動語態(tài) 比較： 1.2.the glass was broken bymary.這個玻璃杯是瑪麗弄壞的 ；被動語態(tài) 4. 只有及物動詞g和re可at有c

27、h賓a語ng的e動sh詞ave ta+ken placein china .正確 介詞詞組才可以有被動語態(tài)；gthre dtoclhpahningedsishaapvpeebaereednitnaktheen dpelaecpesineac.h正in確a . 錯誤 eg：the dolphinwas disappeared inthe deepsea. 錯誤 五、不能用被動語態(tài)的情形1. 不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)，如：appear， rise， die，happen， break out， take place 等2. 表狀態(tài)動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)，如：hold ， have， cost， c

28、ontain ， become， look like 等3. 某些動詞的進(jìn)行時可表示被動，如：the meat is cooking.肉正在煮著；4. 主動形式表示被動意義；1) 某些感官動詞和系動詞接形容詞可以表示被動意義，如：look ， smell， taste， feel， prove，wear，sound 等；eg： her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.2) 動名詞的主動形式表被動語態(tài)，如：want， deserve，need， require， take，worth 等；the book is worth reading.這本書值得讀；the

29、 children need looking after.孩子們需要照料；3) 某些做表語的形容詞后，用不定式主動形式表被動意義； the conversation is hard to understand.這個對話很難懂得； the fish is not easy to fish.魚不簡單上鉤；the passage is difficult to read.這段文章很難讀懂；練習(xí)：1. the mobile phone has influenced people s life a lot since it .a. inventsb. inventedc. is inventedd. w

30、as invented2. this listening material, together with its cd-roms, well.a. sellsb. sellc. is soldd. are sold3. the sports meeting next month.a. will holdb. is going to holdc. will be held4. excuse me. i'm looking for be the best of yourself. sorry. the book you ask for out.a. is sellingb. is sold

31、c. was sellingd. will be sold5. annie to the party. she had a wonderful time with us.a. invitesb. is invitedc. was invitedd. has invited6. many houses in the earthquake of april 20, 2021 in ya an.a. is destroyedb. are destroyedc was destroyedd. were destroyed7. han han s books are popular. they by m

32、any teenagers.a. is readb. was readc. are readd. were read8. teenagers allowed to drive.a. should not beb. should be notc. not should be9. at present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. more chances to students to learn from each other.a. offerb. are offeredc. have offeredd. are off

33、ering10. i want to borrow the book, but i don t know how long it may f_o_r_t.wo weeks.a. keepb. be borrowedc. borrowd. be kept11. many trees on the streets every years. so the air is very fresh now.a. plantb. are plantedc. plantedd. were planted12. didn't you see the sign "no parking."

34、 on the right. sorry, i didn't. but now i know parking here.a. wasn't allowedb. isn't allowedc. won't allowd. doesn't allow13. from may 6, pedestrians 行人 10 yuan if they run red lights, according to beijing traffic authorities.a. will fineb. were finedc. are fined. will be fined

35、14. what languages in that country'.german and englisha. are speakingb. are spokenc. speakd. is spoken15. a year has four seasons and it twelve different star signs.a. divided intob. is dividing intoc.divided intod is divided into16. the child without parents good care of by his teachers in this

36、 special school.a. is takenb. are takenc. taked. takes17. clark, your room is really in a mess. it needs sorry, mum. i'll do it at once.a. cleanb. cleanedc. to cleand. to be cleaned18. “ frog，” mo yan's latest novel, please. sorry, it just now. but it will come out again soon.a. sold outb. i

37、s sold outc. has sold outd. was sold out19. do you know earth day.sure. itin 1970 to tell us to protect our planet.a. sets upb. set upc. is set upd. was set up 20 a lot of trees around here every year ， and we can enjoy fresher air now a were plantedb are plantedc will plantd a才能提升；1. what do you yo

38、ur hometown. it is very beautiful. i love it very much.a. look atb. talk aboutc. think ofd. think over2. when i was in the supermarket, i forgot money with me. a.to takeb.to takingc. takingd. bringing3. could you give me some advice. i don t know .why don t you wear this red shirt.a. when to wearb.

39、what to wearc. how to weard. where to wear4. most of my classmates don t like to talk to teir parents, but i am them.a. different fromb. surprised atc. the same asd. proud of5. wheres your ticket. show , please. a.me itb.it mec.me to itd.it to me6. -tom, read books while you are walking in the stree

40、t. its very dangerous.-ok, thank you.a. don tb. doesntc. won td. cant7. he a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag.a. picked upb. threw awayc. looked ford. handed in8. im sure our football team will this match. were the best.a. winb. failc. losed. beat9. our teacher often tells us in

41、 the river. it s dangerous.a. don t swimb. not swimc. not to swimd. not swimming10. thanks to the internet, different kinds of information in a short time.a. can be learnedb. has been learnedc. can learnd. has learnedunit 4 cartoons and comic stripsic strip連環(huán)漫畫 2.pop out張大，睜大 3.decide on 決 定4.video

42、camera 攝像機5.play against同競賽6.weather forecast 天氣預(yù)報7.thank goodness 謝天謝地8.make it獲得勝利9.think of考慮，想起，記得what do you think of . ？ 10.have a good idea 有個好想法11.think about摸索，考慮 12.add.to.把添加到 13.sound effects 音響成效14. at the underground station在地鐵站15. look like看上去像16. put.together把放在一起 17.the same as 與相同

43、18.be different from與不同19.a pair of一雙20. at the top of在頂部21. look out=take care=be careful當(dāng)心22. pick up撿起 23.in trouble在困境中重點詞匯：1. appear+to be +adj.she appears to be happy at the news. 她聽到這個消息時顯得很高興；appear+to do sthyou appear to travel quite a lot.你似乎走過很多地方；2. a bit of = a little3. be ready to do s

44、th.be/get ready for sth.4. the same as和一樣be different from和不同5. look,sound,taste,smell,feel連系動詞后接形容詞作表語；6. in trouble在困境中have trouble with sb./sth.某人 /某物有毛病 get into trouble惹上麻煩have trouble in doing sth.做某事有麻煩 take the trouble to do sth.費勁做某事 7.succeed in doing 做成某事8. laugh at sb.嘲笑某人9. tell sb sth.

45、告知某人某事tell sb. not to do sth.告知某人做某事10. be used to do 被用來做used to do 過去經(jīng)常做 be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：should be 應(yīng)當(dāng)should not be 不應(yīng)當(dāng)must be 必需must not be 肯定不能can be 可以can not be 不行以現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：主語 +have/has been + 過去分詞after everything has been checked, it is ready to be played for everyone to enj

46、oy. the cartoon characters have been drawn carefully by the artists.才能提升；1. what do you your hometown. it is very beautiful. i love it very much.a. look atb.talk aboutc.think ofd.think over2. when i was in the supermarke, i forgot money with me. a.to takeb.to takingc.takingd.bringing3. could you giv

47、e me some advice. i don t know .why don t you wear this red shirt.a. when to wearb.what to wearc.how to weard.where to wear4. most of my classmates don t like to talk to teir parents, but i am them. a.different fromb.surprised atc.the same asd.proud of5. wheres your ticket. show , please.a. me itb.i

48、t mec.me to itd.it to me6. -tom, read books while you are walking in the street. its very dangerous.-ok, thank you.a. don tb.doesntc.won td.can t7. he a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag. a.picked upb.threw awayc.looked ford.handed in8. it sure our football team will this match.w

49、ere the best.a. winb.failc.losed.beat9. our teacher often tells us in the river. it s dangerous. a.don t swimb.not swimc.not to swimd.not swimming10. thanks to the internet, different kinds of information in a short time. a.can be learnedb.has been learnedc.can learnd.has learnedunit4 cartoons and c

50、omic strips詞匯26. character： n. 人物、角色yue fei is a great historical character.27. think of考慮、摸索im thinking of going to paris for vacation.拓展： think of ：想起、記起i cant think of his name.think of ：對有某種看法，常用于“ what do you think of”句型中what do you think of thebook ？28. addto& add toadto把加到上please add some

51、 salt to the water.addto添加， 增加（歡快、 困難等抽象名詞）29. record v. 錄音ive recorded the whole concert.do you have anything to add to the list.拓展： record n. 記錄set the record 制造記錄break the record 打破記錄hold the record 保持記錄30. decide on 打算、選定what made you decide on plan a.31. basic adj. 基礎(chǔ)的，基本的拓展： base basis n.基礎(chǔ)bas

52、ic adj. 基本的basically adv, 基本上32. here it is.以 here 和 there 開頭的句子，如后面的主語為人稱代詞，主謂不倒裝；如后面的主語為名詞，主謂倒裝；here you are.給你；here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了；33. forget v. 遺忘forget to do遺忘要做某事（動作沒發(fā)生）forget doing遺忘做過某事（動作已發(fā)生）34. look like看上去像tom looks like his father.i forget to turn off the light.i forget opening th

53、e door.拓展：提問長相：what do/ dose sb. look like.提問性格：what is sb. like.35. appear v. 顯得，看來，似乎a woman suddenly appeared in the doorway.拓展： appear （ to be） + adj./ n.she appears to be happy at the news. appear to do sth.you appear to travel quite a lot.36. a little& a bit1) 兩者都可以作副詞用，用來修飾形容詞（原級或比較級），或動詞

54、；im a little/ bit hungry.2) 用作形容詞做定語時，a little 修飾不行數(shù)名詞，而a bit 后面加 of 再加不行數(shù)名詞；theres a little water.= there s a bit of water.37. be ready to do sth.已完成某事，預(yù)備好做某事the contract will be ready to sign in two weeks.拓展： be/ get ready for sth.為做好預(yù)備are you ready for your teast.38. as well as 并且，仍；用來連接并列成分；連接并列主語時，謂語動詞與前一主語保持一樣；she is clever as well as beautiful.39. how to do疑問詞 + to do i don t know how to do it.拓展： what to do 做什么where to go 去哪里why to do 為什么做40. don t+動詞原形 .否定祈使句，意