語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句教案

1、1 / 66語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)：定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)與知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)考點(diǎn)與知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)1.1.引導(dǎo)詞有幾個(gè)？引導(dǎo)詞有幾個(gè)？一共有 9 個(gè)：who, whom , whose,whose, thatthat, which, when, where, why, asas 與名詞從句相比：定從不能由定從不能由 whatwhat 和和 howhow 引導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；whichwhich 的含義的含義改變；定從內(nèi)部的介詞可以放引導(dǎo)詞前改變；定從內(nèi)部的介詞可以放引導(dǎo)詞前。2.2. 引導(dǎo)詞的功能有哪些？引導(dǎo)詞的功能有哪些？引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。代替先行詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。 （先行詞在從句中不再出現(xiàn)）3.3. 定語(yǔ)從句

2、的關(guān)鍵是什么？定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵是什么？首先，要能判斷出該從句是什么從句：首先，要能判斷出該從句是什么從句：放句首放句首沒(méi)有用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)的，一般是主語(yǔ)從句，也有可能是狀語(yǔ)沒(méi)有用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)的，一般是主語(yǔ)從句，也有可能是狀語(yǔ) 1 1從句，但從句結(jié)束后若有體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞，則一定是主從句，但從句結(jié)束后若有體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞，則一定是主語(yǔ)從句。語(yǔ)從句。放及物動(dòng)詞后放及物動(dòng)詞后，若及物動(dòng)詞不是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，后面一定是賓語(yǔ)從，若及物動(dòng)詞不是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，后面一定是賓語(yǔ)從 2 2句；若該及物動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，后面一般是主語(yǔ)從句（句；若該及物動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，后面一般是主語(yǔ)從句（It+It+ isis + + adj/n./d

3、one+adj/n./done+ that/whether/whenthat/whether/when）或狀語(yǔ)從句。）或狀語(yǔ)從句。放放 bebe 動(dòng)詞后，后面一定是表語(yǔ)從句，但動(dòng)詞后，后面一定是表語(yǔ)從句，但 “It“It is/wasis/was + + 從句從句 3 3( (被強(qiáng)調(diào)被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分成分) ) + + that”that”是強(qiáng)調(diào)句（強(qiáng)調(diào)句中是強(qiáng)調(diào)句（強(qiáng)調(diào)句中“非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)” ） 。 放名詞后放名詞后，一般是定語(yǔ)從句，但若該名詞有，一般是定語(yǔ)從句，但若該名詞有“內(nèi)涵內(nèi)涵/ /內(nèi)容內(nèi)容”(”( 4 42 / 66fact/truth/news/information/fact/truth

4、/news/information/ problem/suggestion)problem/suggestion)， 則很可能是同位語(yǔ)從句。則很可能是同位語(yǔ)從句。用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)的從句用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)的從句，一般是狀語(yǔ)從句或，一般是狀語(yǔ)從句或 as/whichas/which 引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的 5 5定語(yǔ)從句，也要注意用放在句中用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)的定語(yǔ)從句，也要注意用放在句中用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)的“插入語(yǔ)插入語(yǔ)”(however,(however, forfor example,example, believebelieve itit oror notnot 等等) )。 When he will be back remain

5、s unknown. When he came back he turned on the TV.I dont know when he will be back.It is unknown when he will be back.ItIt waswas because my alarm clock was broken thatthat I was late this morning. .其次，判斷出是定語(yǔ)從句后可以用其次，判斷出是定語(yǔ)從句后可以用“三個(gè)優(yōu)先三個(gè)優(yōu)先”法做題法做題：優(yōu)先選擇含優(yōu)先選擇含 whosewhose 的選項(xiàng)，能與空格后的名詞構(gòu)成的選項(xiàng)，能與空格后的名詞構(gòu)成“某人的某

6、某人的某 1 1物物”搭配，一般就是答案；搭配，一般就是答案；優(yōu)先選擇含優(yōu)先選擇含介詞介詞的選項(xiàng)，然后看該介詞與從句中的謂語(yǔ)是否能的選項(xiàng)，然后看該介詞與從句中的謂語(yǔ)是否能 2 2構(gòu)成符合邏輯的搭配構(gòu)成符合邏輯的搭配用用逗號(hào)逗號(hào)分開(kāi)的定從，優(yōu)先考慮分開(kāi)的定從，優(yōu)先考慮 asas 和和 whichwhich, ,若該空能翻譯為若該空能翻譯為 3 3“一件事一件事”而從句意思是通順的，則放句首就用而從句意思是通順的，則放句首就用 as,as,句末用句末用which(which(若該空能翻譯為若該空能翻譯為“如同如同” “像像一樣一樣”則應(yīng)用則應(yīng)用 as)as)再次再次, ,做定語(yǔ)從句題可以用做定語(yǔ)從

7、句題可以用“三問(wèn)法三問(wèn)法”來(lái)檢測(cè)是否出錯(cuò)來(lái)檢測(cè)是否出錯(cuò)：（1 1）先行詞先行詞本身是否為特殊的詞？本身是否為特殊的詞？ 先行詞特殊嗎？先行詞特殊嗎？wayway+ + inin which/that/which/that/省略省略 來(lái)源：來(lái)源：inin thisthis wayway 用這種方法用這種方法( (方式狀語(yǔ)方式狀語(yǔ)) )指物的不定代詞：指物的不定代詞：anything,anything, one,one, some,some, many,many, a a lot,lot, all,all, both,both, thatthat 等等 + + thatthat 指人的不定代詞或數(shù)

8、詞：指人的不定代詞或數(shù)詞：one,one, those,those, anyone,anyone, twotwo 等等 + + whowho既有人又有物：既有人又有物： + + thatthat“抽象的地點(diǎn)抽象的地點(diǎn)”condition,”condition, situation,situation, case,case, pointpoint + + wherewhere“抽象的時(shí)間抽象的時(shí)間”ones”ones stay/visitstay/visit + + whenwhen在特定語(yǔ)境中可以作在特定語(yǔ)境中可以作“地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)/ /位置位置”理解的詞：理解的詞：trousers/trouser

9、s/ sleevessleeves + + wherewhere（2 2）先行詞前面有無(wú)特殊的詞？）先行詞前面有無(wú)特殊的詞？ 先行詞前面有特殊詞嗎？先行詞前面有特殊詞嗎？有不定代詞修飾：有不定代詞修飾：all/every/little/much+all/every/little/much+ + + thatthat有最高級(jí)有最高級(jí)/ /序數(shù)詞修飾：序數(shù)詞修飾：thethe best/secondbest/second + + thatthat有有 justjust the/the/ thethe veryvery/ / thethe only/only/ thethe lastlast 等修飾

10、：等修飾：+ + thatthat （注意：（注意：thethe samesame thatthat justjust thethatthethat 正好是）正好是）有有 who/whichwho/which 疑問(wèn)詞：疑問(wèn)詞：+ + thatthat ( (避免重復(fù)避免重復(fù)) )有有 thethe samesame/ / suchsuch/ / asas 修飾：一般修飾：一般+ + asas ( (陷阱陷阱: : 第一個(gè)第一個(gè) 1 1asas 是否為一個(gè)以是否為一個(gè)以 asas 結(jié)尾的搭配，如結(jié)尾的搭配，如 regardasregardas； 區(qū)分區(qū)分 suchsuch 2 2asas（定從）

11、與（定從）與 suchsuch that“that“如此如此以至于以至于” ）（3 3）先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分？）先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分？ 從句內(nèi)部缺少成分從句內(nèi)部缺少成分嗎？嗎？當(dāng)心：從句中當(dāng)心：從句中 spendspend 后的后的“時(shí)間時(shí)間” ，以及，以及 visitvisit 后的后的“地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)” ，不是狀語(yǔ)，而是賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該用不定代詞不是狀語(yǔ)，而是賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該用不定代詞 仍然可以用仍然可以用“及物動(dòng)詞法及物動(dòng)詞法”解題：解題：若定從內(nèi)部若定從內(nèi)部“主謂賓主謂賓”或或“主謂表主謂表”完整，完整， 只能用只能用“關(guān)系關(guān)系 1 1副詞副詞”或或“介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”

12、引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。若定從內(nèi)部缺少若定從內(nèi)部缺少“主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)”或或“賓語(yǔ)（觀察及物動(dòng)詞或介詞賓語(yǔ)（觀察及物動(dòng)詞或介詞 2 2后有無(wú)賓語(yǔ)）后有無(wú)賓語(yǔ)） ” ，則一定用，則一定用“關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞” 。4.4. 只能用只能用 thatthat 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句有哪些情況？引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句有哪些情況？先行詞前為 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代詞時(shí)先行詞前有：all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等不定代詞修飾時(shí)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)先行詞前 onl

13、y, just, very, last 有等修飾時(shí)先行詞是表示人和物混雜的兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)主句是以 who, which,開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句或先行詞是疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)在修飾時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等先行詞時(shí)，只有用 that 代替 when, where等引導(dǎo)詞。例：Ill never forget the Sunday (that) you first arrived.Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink ?先行詞為 reason, way (意為“方法”)時(shí)，常用 that 代替 why, which, in which，也可省略引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，多用 th

14、at 引導(dǎo)先行詞是主句表語(yǔ)時(shí)例：It is a dictionary that will help you a lot.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)以 there be 開(kāi)頭時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞是數(shù)詞時(shí)同一個(gè)復(fù)合句里有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)用 which，另一個(gè)通常用that5.5. reasonreason 后面用什么引導(dǎo)？后面用什么引導(dǎo)？wayway 后面用什么引導(dǎo)？后面用什么引導(dǎo)？reason 后面的定于從句用 why 引導(dǎo)。way 后面定語(yǔ)從句用 in which 或 that 引導(dǎo) that 可以省略。6.6. whenwhen 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句等于什么引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句？引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句等于什么引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句？when 引導(dǎo)

15、的定語(yǔ)從句等于 介詞+ which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。7.7. wherewhere 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句等于什么引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句？引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句等于什么引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句？where 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句等于介詞which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。8.8. oneone ofof 和和 thethe (only)(only) oneone ofof 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句在主謂一致問(wèn)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句在主謂一致問(wèn)題上應(yīng)注意什么？題上應(yīng)注意什么？前者引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；后者用單數(shù)。9.9. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句有和區(qū)別？限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句有和區(qū)別？限制性定語(yǔ)從句是主句不可缺少的一個(gè)部分，缺少后主句

16、意思不完整。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，不要從句對(duì)主句意義無(wú)多大影響；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句前后有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。而且非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不能用 that。10.10. asas 和和 whichwhich 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在用法上有什么區(qū)別？引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在用法上有什么區(qū)別？as 和 which 都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句都可以代替主句中的整個(gè)內(nèi)容或某一成分as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以位于句首，并常和 know, see, expect 等詞連用意為：“正如” 而 which 不能位于句首11.11. asas 可以用于哪些結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句？可以用于哪些結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句？s

17、uch. as； the same. as； so . as. 12.12. thethe samesame asas 和和 thethe samesame thatthat 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句如何引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句如何區(qū)別？區(qū)別？the same as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句指的是相同事物，強(qiáng)調(diào)同類(lèi)the same that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句指的是同一物This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.（相同）This is the same pen that I borrowed from Mr. Li. (同一物) borrow 借進(jìn)，lend 借出 carry 攜帶：

18、 take 帶走， bring 帶來(lái)， fetch 去拿來(lái)= go and bring13.13. suchsuch asas 和和 suchsuch thatthat 如何區(qū)分？如何區(qū)分？such as 引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句as 必須代替先行詞在其引導(dǎo)的從句中充當(dāng)成分such that 引導(dǎo)的從句是狀語(yǔ)從句that 只是引導(dǎo)從句并不在其引導(dǎo)的從句中充當(dāng)成分在選擇填空首先看從句中是否缺句子成分，如果缺成分就要考慮是定語(yǔ)從句；如果不缺成分就要考慮是狀語(yǔ)成分14.14. whosewhose 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句有那些注意點(diǎn)？引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句有那些注意點(diǎn)？whose 作定語(yǔ),后面跟名詞.一般有三種表示形式.例:T

19、his is the dictionary whosewhose covercover has come off.= This is the dictionary thethe covercover ofof whichwhich has come off.= This is the dictionary ofof whichwhich thethe covercover has come off.15.15. “介詞介詞 + + 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞” 開(kāi)頭的定語(yǔ)從句有哪幾種情況開(kāi)頭的定語(yǔ)從句有哪幾種情況？ 注意：引導(dǎo)定從的引導(dǎo)定從的介詞后不能加介詞后不能加 who/thatwho/thatThis

20、 is the house.He once lived in thethe househouse.This is the house wherewhere he once lived. whichwhich he once lived in.inin whichwhich he once lived. The cover of thethe bookbook has come off. This is the school.the teachers of thethe schoolschool I like.（1 1）先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)替換）先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)替換 when/w

21、here/whywhen/where/why 的：的：in/on/from/for/ in front of + which/whomwhich/whom:（2 2） “of“of 所有格所有格”： thethe + +名詞名詞+ + ofof + + which/whomwhich/whom； ofof + + which/whomwhich/whom + the+名詞（3 3） “某個(gè)范圍中的多少某個(gè)范圍中的多少”： some/both/tsome/both/thehe formerformer + + ofof + + which/whomwhich/whom; ofof + + whi

22、ch/whomwhich/whom somesome（4 4）偶爾可用）偶爾可用“介詞介詞+ + whose”whose”和和“介詞介詞+where”+where” The boss in whose department Ms King works is a kind man. (來(lái)源：Ms King works in his department) He hid behind the door, _ he could see what was happening outside.A. from whichB. where C. from where D. from that (來(lái)源：he

23、could see from behind the door; 類(lèi)似: from across the sea, from beyond the riverbank) There is a tall tree in front of my home, the leaves _ have turned yellow.A. on which B. of which C. of whose D. where 注意：只有注意：只有“of“of which/whom”which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)才能在前面加名詞短語(yǔ)，引結(jié)構(gòu)才能在前面加名詞短語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)定從導(dǎo)定從一一. .定語(yǔ)從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)1

24、定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)用來(lái)限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用“的”表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任。此外，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，分詞，副詞，不定式以及介詞短語(yǔ)也可以來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，也可以由一個(gè)句子來(lái)?yè)?dān)任單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)。2定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句：定語(yǔ)從句是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語(yǔ)修飾主句的某個(gè)名詞性成分，相當(dāng)于形容詞，所以又稱(chēng)為形容詞性從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。3先行詞先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱(chēng)為先行詞。4關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞

25、稱(chēng)為關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞有 where, when, why 等。關(guān)系詞常有關(guān)系詞常有 3 3 個(gè)作用：個(gè)作用：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。代替先行詞。代替先行詞。在定語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。（注：關(guān)系代詞有主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ)之分。一般 whom 作為賓語(yǔ)。 ）定義：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的定義：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。詞叫先行詞。 The man who is shaking hands w

26、ith my father is a policeman. 主句：The man is a policeman.從句：who is shaking hands with my father. 用來(lái)修飾先行詞 the man關(guān)系詞 who 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 主句：The film was not interesting at all.從句：which they went to see last night 用來(lái)修飾先行詞the film關(guān)系詞 which

27、在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)The reason why he failed the examination is that he had not made any preparation for it. 主句：The reason is that he had not made any preparation for it.從句：why he failed the examination 用來(lái)修飾先行詞 the reason關(guān)系詞 why 在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)二二. .關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞

28、在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1.who1.who 指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.2. whomwhom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，常可省略。指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷?。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling i

29、s just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom 在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用 who 代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3.3. whichwhich 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4.4. thatthat

30、 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 whowho 或者或者 whomwhom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 whichwhich。在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。 (1) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5.5. whosewhose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中

31、做定語(yǔ) (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose 指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(

32、6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?（注意：（注意：thethe + + 名詞名詞 + + ofof which/whomwhich/whom ?？迹。┏？迹。┤? .介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 whom/whichwhom/which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句（重點(diǎn)?。┮龑?dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句（重點(diǎn)?。?關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常由介詞關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常由介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞引關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)(1) The school (that/which)(that/which) he once studied i

33、nin is very famous.(2) The school inin whichwhich he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which)(that/which) you asked forfor.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine forfor whichwhich you asked.(5) Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who)(whom/that/w

34、ho) we have often talked aboutabout.(6) Well go to hear the famous singer aboutabout whomwhom we have often talked. 注意：1.1. 含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開(kāi)使用含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開(kāi)使用，如：look for, look after, take care of 等(1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2.2

35、. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用 whomwhom，不可用，不可用 whowho或者或者 thatthat；指物時(shí)用；指物時(shí)用 whichwhich，不能用，不能用 thatthat；關(guān)系代詞是所有格；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用時(shí)用 whosewhose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) (2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is v

36、ery comfortable. (T) (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 3.3. “介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”前可有前可有 some,some, any,any, none,none, both,both, all,all, neither,neither, most,most, each,each, fewfew 等代詞或者數(shù)詞，構(gòu)成等代詞或者數(shù)詞，構(gòu)成 somesome ofof which/whomwhich/whom 等類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。等類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。( (

37、重點(diǎn)：?？迹≈攸c(diǎn)：?？?！) ) (1) He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him. (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. (3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 在特定語(yǔ)境中，可以用“介詞+ whose/where”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 The boss in whose depa

38、rtment Ms King once worked is a kind man.“從門(mén)后面” from behind the door“從海那邊”from across the sea四關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句四關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.1. whenwhen 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)when=during/when=during/ on/on/ in/in/ . whichwhich ( (介詞同先行詞搭配介詞同先行詞搭配) ) (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2

39、) The time when we got together finally came.2.2. wherewhere 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)where=in/where=in/ at/at/ on/on/ . whichwhich ( (介詞同先行詞搭配介詞同先行詞搭配) ) (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3.3. whywhy 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)，此時(shí)先行詞常

40、為指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)，此時(shí)先行詞常為reasonreason?？勺?yōu)椤？勺優(yōu)?forfor whichwhich（?？迹。ǔ？迹。?why=forwhy=for whichwhich(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is n

41、ot clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born. 五限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句五限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上不用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，不能刪除是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明

42、，刪除后意思仍完整譯法上翻譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)，“的”通常翻譯成主句的并列句關(guān)系詞的使用上A.做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略 B.可用 thatC.可用 who 代替 whomA.不可省 B.不用 thatC.不用 who 代替 whom限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is st

43、rict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 要注意區(qū)分以下幾個(gè)句子的不同(1)His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。 （他還有其他的哥哥）(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵(lì)他要考上

44、大學(xué)。 （他只有一個(gè)哥哥）課堂練習(xí)課堂練習(xí)一、把下列每對(duì)句子合并成含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . They dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teach

45、er. You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.11. Here is the girl. H

46、er brother works in this shop.12. Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.16. He used to live in a big house. In

47、 front of it grew many banana trees.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.20. She came into a big room. In th

48、e middle of it stood a large table.二、根據(jù)句子意思，在第一個(gè)空白處填入介詞，在第二個(gè)填入關(guān)系二、根據(jù)句子意思，在第一個(gè)空白處填入介詞，在第二個(gè)填入關(guān)系代詞代詞 whomwhom 或或 which:which:1. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil _ _ he was writing broke.3. Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.4. The

49、two things _ _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.5. Her bag, _ _ she put all her books, has not been found.6. The stories about the Long March, _ _ this is one example, are well written.三、選擇填空：三、選擇填空：1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. whoB.

50、 whichC. whomD. when2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whoseB. whoC. whomD. which3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily?A. whenB. where C. whichD

51、. who5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. when7. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. whenB. whereC. whichD. who8. Who is the woman _ is sw

52、eeping the floor over there?A. whoB. /C. thatD. when9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker.A. whoB. whomC. to whomD. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whomB. whenC. to whomD. which11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is

53、talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking 可以用可以用“及物動(dòng)詞法及物動(dòng)詞法”做從句題：做從句題： 判斷及物動(dòng)詞的方法：判斷及物動(dòng)詞的方法：“我我它它” ， “它被我它被我” 及物動(dòng)詞只有及物動(dòng)詞只有 2 2 種用法：（種用法：（1 1）加賓語(yǔ)；（）加賓語(yǔ)；（2 2）用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)）用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)態(tài) 定語(yǔ)從句少定語(yǔ)從句少“主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)”/“”/“賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)”：一定用關(guān)系代詞：一定用關(guān)系代詞 “主謂賓主謂賓/ /主謂表主謂表”完整：完整： 一定用關(guān)系副詞一定用

54、關(guān)系副詞 名詞從句少名詞從句少“主主/ /賓賓/ /表表”：一般用：一般用 whatwhat12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showedB. you showed himC. you showedD. where you showed破解：見(jiàn)到破解：見(jiàn)到“名詞名詞+sb”+sb”的結(jié)構(gòu)，只要該名詞并未修飾的結(jié)構(gòu)，只要該名詞并未修飾 sb,sb,則從則從 sbsb開(kāi)始一定是定從，且前面的名詞在定從中一定做賓語(yǔ)，并且開(kāi)始一定是定從，且前面的名詞在定從中一定做賓語(yǔ)，并且省略了關(guān)系代詞省略了關(guān)系代詞 This i

55、s the way he thought of _ the problem.A. solving B. to solve C. solved D. having solved13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard.A. of whomB. from whomC. about thatD. who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A. whereB. whoC. in whichD. which15.

56、Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. thatB. whomC. whenD. whose16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. that B. which C. whateverD. all17. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of themB. most of thatC.

57、most of whomD. most of those 一個(gè)句號(hào)內(nèi)有一個(gè)句號(hào)內(nèi)有“兩句話(huà)兩句話(huà)” ，有三種可能：，有三種可能： （1 1）用）用 and/but/or/and/but/or/分號(hào)分號(hào)/ /破折號(hào)破折號(hào) 連接的連接的“并列句并列句” ，2 2 者語(yǔ)法上者語(yǔ)法上無(wú)關(guān)系。無(wú)關(guān)系。 （2 2） “主從復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句”：其中一句不變，做主句；另一句用：其中一句不變，做主句；另一句用“引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞”引導(dǎo)，是從句。引導(dǎo)，是從句。2 2 者語(yǔ)法有聯(lián)系。者語(yǔ)法有聯(lián)系。 （3 3） “獨(dú)立主格獨(dú)立主格”：一句不變，做主句；另一句句首也不變，但：一句不變，做主句；另一句句首也不變，但“謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)”

58、部分變?yōu)椴糠肿優(yōu)椤胺侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”甚至不用動(dòng)詞。甚至不用動(dòng)詞。 （很多時(shí)（很多時(shí)候候“獨(dú)立主格獨(dú)立主格”都是由都是由“狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句”變化而來(lái)）變化而來(lái)） There beingbeing no buses, they had to walk back home. (=BecauseBecause there werewere no buses,) IfIf time permitspermits, I can do it better. = Time permittingpermitting, I can do it better.18. This is the very lette

59、r _came last night.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. as19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than I.A. whoeverB. whomeverC. anyoneD. the one 從句引導(dǎo)詞的主格或賓格問(wèn)題：從句引導(dǎo)詞的主格或賓格問(wèn)題：“就從不就主就從不就主”20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A. whereB. /C. whenD. what21. This is the fac

60、tory _ we worked a year ago.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. on which22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. /23. Jack is pleased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told him.A. that, whatB. what, thatC. which, whatD. that, which24. Do you work near th