以思維為核心淺析概要寫作中存在的問題及對策

1、    以思維為核心，淺析概要寫作中存在的問題及對策    【摘 要】本文通過對學(xué)生的概要寫作習(xí)作片段進(jìn)行分析，著重分析了學(xué)生習(xí)作中暴露出來的文章思維能力方面的問題，進(jìn)而提出一些應(yīng)對策略，以期達(dá)到促進(jìn)概要寫作教學(xué)的目的?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】概要寫作;學(xué)生習(xí)作片段;思維方面的問題;應(yīng)當(dāng)策略g633.1 a 2095-3089（2019）21-0-02一、研究的緣起2018年11月、2019年6月浙江高考英語卷終于在連續(xù)幾次讀后續(xù)寫后兩次考查了學(xué)生的概要寫作能力。筆者有幸參加了這兩次高考閱卷工作。在閱卷過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)考生25分的概要寫作得不了理想的分?jǐn)?shù)（平均分10分左右）

2、，從學(xué)生的答題情況來看，存在很多問題：理解文章有偏差;要點(diǎn)抓不住;句與句、段與段的邏輯理不清;表述時不能脫離原文，把想說的內(nèi)容用自己的語言清楚地表達(dá)出來;詞匯貧乏，語法結(jié)構(gòu)單一;行文語言錯誤多，等等。這些錯誤除了暴露出考生語言能力不扎實(shí)外，也可以看出學(xué)生的思維能力同樣欠缺。本文著重就學(xué)生習(xí)作中暴露出來的文章思維能力方面的問題，尋求一些對策，希望達(dá)到促進(jìn)教學(xué)的目的。二、概要寫作中存在的思維方面的問題最近，筆者讓高三學(xué)生讀了一篇21世紀(jì)網(wǎng)站上的“why we love dinosaurs”的文章，然后要求對該文進(jìn)行概要寫作。該文如下：it's no secret that kids lov

3、e dinosaurs.many of them have even gone through what's called a "dinosaur phase"，a period of time when they can't stop talking about dinosaurs，can't sleep without hearing a dinosaur bedtime story，and use a backpack with a dinosaur pattern on it.adults may have long grown out of

4、 their dinosaur phase，but somehow the appeal is still there.the proof is in the success of steven spielberg's 1993 film jurassic park，and every following installment of the series.and in jurassic world：fallen kingdom，which was released in chinese mainland cinemas on june 15，these ancient beasts

5、are taking over the modern world once again.national geographic has an explanation behind the animals' popularity：dinosaurs are "where science and imagination meet"，which is probably what makes them so appealing，to kids and adults alike.dinosaurs are often compared to dragons，but are s

6、een as cooler because they're real.the huge skeletons in museums prove their existence millions of years ago on the same earth that we now live on.meanwhile，new discoveries have been made in different parts of the world that open up a bigger picture of these ancient species.and how they went ext

7、inct is also a popular subject of scientific studies.however，we still seem to know so little about dinosaurs，and have to rely on our imagination when it comes to questions like "how did they live？"，"what did they sound like？" and "how fast could they run？".it's this

8、 sense of mystery that adds to dinosaurs' attraction compared to other fierce animals like lions and tigers，animals that can easily be seen in today's zoos.but there's more to this dinosaur appeal.according to guardian reporter brian switek，humans are fascinated by dinosaurs not just bec

9、ause we're interested in their history，but also because we're trying to have a better understanding of human history."dinosaurs can be hollywood monsters，objects of scientific fascination and everything in between，but at the root of it，our fascination with them stems from wanting to kno

10、w more about the prehistory we share，" he wrote."the dinosaur story is part of our own."筆者在此就這篇文章對學(xué)生的習(xí)作進(jìn)行分析，來闡述學(xué)生概要寫作中存在思維方面的問題。（一）加入無關(guān)信息學(xué)生習(xí)作片段一：do you like dinosaurs？ many kids like dinosaurs.第一句明顯是無關(guān)信息，不用寫在概要之中。（二）段落內(nèi)的句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系錯誤學(xué)生習(xí)作片段二：kids like dinosaurs very much，because many fi

11、lms about dinosaurs are very successful該文第一段the proof is in the success of steven spielberg's 1993 film jurassic park，and every following installment of the series.從中可以看出，孩子喜歡恐龍，不是因?yàn)橛嘘P(guān)恐龍的電影成功，而是從此類電影的成功可以證明孩子喜歡恐龍?；蛘哒f因?yàn)楹⒆映扇硕枷矚g恐龍，所以和恐龍有關(guān)的電影才如此成功。因此我們可以這樣概括第一段：kids and adults love dinosaurs，which c

12、an be proved by the success of the dinosaur-themed films.the success of the dinosaur-based films shows that both kids and adults love dinosaurs.dinosaurs are fascinating to both kids and adults.thats why dinosaur-themed films have achieved great success.（三）文章的段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系沒理清。學(xué)生習(xí)作三：because children and

13、 adults love dinosaurs，jurassic park made a success.dinosaurs are real.the skeletons in museum proves it and many scientists from different parts of the world have done some new dinosaur studies.however，we know little about dinosaurs so we add other fierce animals to dinosaurs attraction.fascinated

14、by dinosaurs，we are interested in their history and human history.可以看出該生不能很好地理解文章以及理清文章段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。就這篇文章而言，它的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)該是這樣的：第一段：人們喜歡恐龍，這能從以恐龍為主題的電影的受歡迎可以得到證明。第二段：national geographic的對此的解釋：dinosaurs are "where science and imagination meet"，第三段：從science的層面解釋恐龍受歡迎的理由：真實(shí)存在，它是怎么滅絕的還是一個受歡迎的科學(xué)研究話題。第四段

15、：從imagination的層面解釋恐龍受歡迎的理由：我們對恐龍的了解還很少，對有些問題只能靠想象。這種神秘感也增添了吸引力。第五段：brian switek的解釋：人類對恐龍著迷的還有一個原因是：通過對恐龍的研究，希望更好地理解人類的歷史。所以我們可以這樣概括：dinosaurs are fascinating to both kids and adults.thats why dinosaur-themed films have achieved great success.（要點(diǎn)1）according to national geographic，the attraction of di

16、nosaurs partly lies in the fact that they really existed on the earth before and that their extinction has interested scientists.（要點(diǎn)2）another reason is that the mystery of dinosaurs stimulates peoples imagination.（要點(diǎn)3）but brian switek thinks apart from these，hoping to better understand human history

17、 also contributes to peoples obsession with dinosaurs.（要點(diǎn)4）     75w三、對策（一）提高閱讀能力要提升學(xué)生的思維能力，如果沒有好的閱讀能力就無從做起了?？床欢恼?，抓不住要點(diǎn)，就無法進(jìn)行概要寫作。所以教師首先要在學(xué)生的閱讀上下功夫。（二）分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)讓學(xué)生在閱讀時理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，看清段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，這樣才能在概要中寫清句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，不至于出現(xiàn)銜接詞亂用等問題。（三）分析段落中句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系在文章的同一段落中，理清句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，避免出現(xiàn)因果顛倒等錯誤。（四）教一些技巧1.不要隨意添加無關(guān)

18、信息2.段落主題句不一定是首句或尾句;有些是要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上概括。3.段落中的轉(zhuǎn)折 but，yet，however，nevertheless，讓步 though，as，although though，as，although，結(jié)果 as a result，so，therefore及其他如 in fact，as a matter of fact等是要點(diǎn)提示詞;4.如有設(shè)問，與答案合并成為要點(diǎn);5.如有例證，簡要?dú)w類概括成為點(diǎn);6.沒有可以直接提取的，思考該段落作用;7.當(dāng)某一要點(diǎn)下包含若干次要點(diǎn)，不能將其略去。四、結(jié)語思維品質(zhì)是英語學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)的重要組成部分，提升學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì)成為新時期課程的目標(biāo)，其中邏輯性、批判性和創(chuàng)新性思維能力是關(guān)鍵。閱讀是一種憑借思維來理解信息符號的心理過程，閱讀的實(shí)質(zhì)是思維。概要寫作考查的是考生對于文本的概況歸納能力，