新編英語(yǔ)教程3Unit5languagework

1、unit 5text ii. writing skillsthis text is an argumentative essay in which the writer argues for a proposition:there is no need to have a telephone because it brings more trouble than help he makes his argument effective by setting forth clearly what is to be proved and what he is against (see p77-p7

2、8)il language pointsl takefor granted regard sth as true or as certain to happen 認(rèn)為是真的; 認(rèn)為.是理所當(dāng)然的；認(rèn)為沒(méi)問(wèn)題eg: we took his co-operation for granted.paraphrase the following, using this sentence pattern:1) don't think he will certainly help you.(don't take his help for granted.)2) he thinks that

3、everything is true.(he takes everything for granted.)3) i want myself not to think that everything is true.(i want myself not to take everything for granted.)4) my mother thought he would certainly come.(my mother took his coming for gran ted.)take it for granted that.認(rèn)為.是理所當(dāng)然的事eg: she took it for g

4、ranted that he would feel ashamed of his wrongdoingsparaphrase the following:1) i thought she would certainly stay with us.(i took it for granted that she would stay with us.)2) we felt sure that he would study hard(we took it for granted that he would study hard.)3) i think it is natural for studen

5、ts to help one another.(i take it for granted that students help one another.)4) we think parents should give their children eno ugh money to spe nd.(we take it for granted that parents will give their children enough money to spend.)2. grant grant (vt.)a) consent to give or allow (what is asked for

6、)允許給予，同意給予，答應(yīng)(請(qǐng)求等) grant sb. sth. / grant sth to sbeg: the general granted us permission to visit the military base.the government will grant land to anybody who is willing to farm it.paraphrase1) the firm agreed to give him a pension.(the firm granted him a pension.)2) the premier agreed to intervi

7、ew him.(the premier granted him an interview.)3) the headmaster gave us an extra holiday.(the headmaster granted us an extra holiday.)b) agree (that sth. is true)承認(rèn)(某事是真的) grant sth.eg: he granted the truth of what he said.i granted his honesty.he granted that point.grant thateg: i granted (that) wh

8、at you said is correct.he granted (that) he didn't like english.change the following simple sentences into complex ones:1) i grant his honesty.(i grant that he is honest.)2) he granted the truth of the matter-(he granted that the matter was true.)3) she granted her wrongdoings(she granted that w

9、hat she did was wrong.)4) the boy granted his theft.(the boy granted that he stole something.) conj. granted / grantinggranted / granting that.盡管，即使=suppose/supposing/provided/providing/on condition that =if/even ifeg: granted/granting that he is honest, he may make mistakes.granted/granting this is

10、 true, what conclusion can you draw? granted (adv.) (used to admit the truth of a statement before introducing acontrary argument)(用于肯定某事物屬實(shí)，然后提出相反的論點(diǎn))eg: granted, it's a splendid car, but have you seen how much it costs!granted, he is very rich, but he is mcaru grant (n.) sth. granted (money or

11、 land from a government)賜與之物(一份給予的土地或筆津貼)eg: you can get a grant to improve your housestudents in this country receive a grant from the government.3. lil ring you up. = i'll telephone/phone you.ell give you a call.hl call you (up).4. pose pose (vja) (derog 貶)behave in an unnatural or affected wa

12、y in order to impresspeople裝腔作勢(shì)eg: stop posing and tell us what you really think.pose as + nvadjeclaim or pretend to be sb./sth.自稱(chēng)/裝成是某事物或某人eg: he poses as an expertdon't poses as a man who knows everythinghe always poses as unusual/uncommon/iearnedb) sit or stand in a particular position in ord

13、er to be painted, drawn or photographed擺好姿勢(shì)以便畫(huà)像或拍照pose (for sb.)eg: the artist asked her to pose for him.he had to pose wearing a laurel wreath.(他得擺好戴著刀桂花的姿勢(shì)) pose (nja) (derog 貶)unnatural or affected way of behavings intend to impress peopleeg: his concern for the poor is only a posei hate to see h

14、is pose.b) . position in which a person poses or is posed(為畫(huà)像或拍照而擺好的)姿勢(shì)，姿態(tài)eg: please present a pose for the camera.she adopted an elegant posestrike an attitude/a pose 一 hold or put the body in a certain way or use gesturesto emphasize what one says or feels; speak or write about one's opinion;

15、intentionsor feelings in a dramatic or artificial way (裝腔作勢(shì))eg: he struck a pose/an attitude of defiance with a typically hard-hitting speech.(他以慣用的強(qiáng)碩言辭作出違抗的姿勢(shì)。)she struck a pose/an attitude to protest5. pest troublesome or annoying or destructive thing or anima; nuisanceeg: flies and mice are pests

16、.some insects are pests.pest control 一 destruction of pest (with poison, traps etc.)eg: people always try to have pest control. (informal) annoying person or thingeg: the child is an absolute pest he keeps ringing the doorbell and runningaway.6. engage engage (v.)a) obtain the right to employ or occ

17、upy 雇傭9聘用，租用eg: he will engage a servant.we will engage a young man as a guide/an interpreter.paraphrase1) our company needs to employ a new secretary.2) she was employed as an interpreter.3) they will hire a camera for their outingb) take part in： be busy with, work at (often used in passive)忙于&quo

18、t;從事，做著be engaged (in.>)eg: he is engaged in business/writing a novel.paraphrase1) xiao li was busy writing letters when i saw him.2) john and his brother are busy with a plan.3) he is taking part in violent argument.4) she is having a conversation.c) cause sb. to take part in or be occupied in s

19、th.使某人參加某人或某事engaged (sb) in sth.eg: i engaged him in conversationi have no time to engage in gossipd) promise or agree to marry (passive) 訂婚be engaged (to sb.)eg: tom and anne arc engaged.tom is engaged to anne.my sister is engaged to an armyman.e) promise (to do sth.)保證(做某事)engaged oneself to do s

20、th.eg: we engage ourselves to fulfil our obligation.he engaged himself to pay back the money.i engage myself to be there on time.paraphrase1) he promised to come and help me.2) our teacher promised to tell us a story.3) the students promised to study harder.4) my mother promised to make me a new dre

21、ssf) when telephoning, someone is using the line (passive)eg: the line/number is engagedg) attract (passive)eg: his attention is engaged engagement (n.)a) , promise or undertaking esp. one that is formal or made in writing(約言，契約)eg: he only has enough money to meet his engagement.she never breaks he

22、r engagement.b) . arrangement to go somewhere, meet sb or to do sth. 約會(huì)eg: i have an engagement at four today.he cancelled all his engagementsshe has quite a few engagements for next week.i have an engagement with the doctor tomorrowc) . agreement to marry 婚約eg: their engagement was announced in the

23、 newspaper.she has broken off her engagement. engaging(adj.) likely to attract or occupy the attention; charmingan engaging smile/manner/person7 asphyxiate asphyxiate(vt) make ill，cause the death of, through lack of enough air in the lungs使窒息，悶死eg: the men in the coal-mine were asphyxiated by the ba

24、d gas.the old man was asphyxiated when swimming.the room will asphyxiate us. ik asphyxiation/asphyxia = suffocation u condition caused by lackof air in the lungseg: the miners died of asphyxiation/asphyxia/asphyxia asphyxiation (n.)窒息劑，窒息器& flavour/flavor flavour/flavor (n.) c u-taste and smell,

25、 esp. of food 味道，滋味eg: adding salt to food improves the flavour.i donrt like the flavour of onionshe likes ice cream with a chocolate flavour.this food has strong flavour. flavour/flavor (vt.) - give a flavour to調(diào)味，加味于；使有特殊風(fēng)味 flavour sth. with sth.eg: she flavoured the cake with chocolatewhat do peo

26、ple flavour chicken with? (. ginger, onion, sauce, garlic )i don't like meat strongly flavoured with pepper.(sth) flavour stheg: onion flavours fish.chocolate flavours ice cream and milk.be flavored with = be filled with the smell ofeg: the room is flavoured with stale vegetable.the telephone bo

27、oth is flavoured with sweat. flavouring (n.) c u thing added to food to give it flavor 調(diào)味料eg: the orange drink contains no artificial flavourings.the soup needs more flavouring.9. chill chill (v.)make or become cold使寒冷9變得寒冷eg: doni chill their enthusiasmhe was chilled to the bone. chill (n.)a) unple

28、asant feeling of coldness 寒意eg: there is a chill in the air.take the chill of the water, (warm it a little)(fig) the bad news cast a chill over the people.b) illness caused by cold and dampeg: he caught a chill, (caught a cold) chilly (adj.)coldeg: it is chilly today.10. fidget fidget (v.) (cause sb

29、. to) move the body about restlessly; make nervous(使)坐立不安eg: when the bell rings, the boys begin to fidget.hurry up, your father is fidgeting.fidget about witheg: ifs bad manners to fidget about with the cutlery at the table.(用餐時(shí)擺弄刀叉是不禮貌的) fidget (n.)a) c person who fidgets 煩躁不安的人eg: youte such a fi

30、dget.b) the fidget restless movements (坐立不安)eg: i always get the giddiest during long meetings. fidgety (adj.) restlesseg: he is a fidgety child.11. tend tend (v.)a) be inclined to do sth; have a direction 容易做某事；傾向tend to do stheg: people tend to get fat when they grow older.i tend to agree with you

31、.paraphrase1) he is inclined to drive too fas匸2) it is easy for my mother to get tired in the evening.3) you always make silly mistakes in your dictation.4) he always pitches the ball too high.tend to/towards sth.take a certain direction 朝某方向eg: his opinion tends to mine(fig) he tends towards extrem

32、e views.b) take care of or look aftereg: the nurses tend the patients carefullythe shepherds tend their sheep tendency (nj turning or inclination; a way a person or a thing tends to beshow/have a tendency to (do) sth.eg: business is showing a tendency to improveshe has a tendency to fatness.use the

33、noun form 'tendency' to take the place of the verb form 'tend' in the following:1) milk tends to go sour in hot weather.2) wood tends to swell if it gets wet.3) boys tend to fight.4) old people tend to forget things.12. ignore ignore (vt.)a) , take no notice of; refuse to take notice

34、 of 不顧，忽視ignore sth>/sb>eg: miss li ignored my questions-say the following sentences in another way，using 'ignore':1) she took no notice of my presenee.2) they took no notice of this rubbish3) i am sitting here, but she takes no notice of me.b) . pay no attention to 不理睬：不理會(huì)eg: they ign

35、ored traffic regulationsparaphrase1) he paid no attention to his parents* advice2) my mother paid no attention to the ringing of the bell. ignorant (adj.)a) (of persons) knowing little or nothing; not aware 不知道的,無(wú)知的eg: he is so ignorant that he can't write his namehis ignorant behavior at the di

36、nner table caused much embarrassment.b) . (of sth.) showing ignorance; resulting from ignorance.c.g an ignorant replyignorant conduct/look/starebe ignorant of/about(not aware of)eg: martin was ignorant of literatureparaphrase1) she docsnft know what life really is-2) he didrft know my absence from t

37、he meeting.3) we don't know what has happened.4) they are unaware of our presence. ignorance (nj u the state of being ignorant; want of knowledge 不知,無(wú)知eg: if he did wrong, it was only through ignorance.be in (complete) ignorance of“.eg: i am in complete ignorance of his plan.use the noun form &#

38、39;ignorance' in the following:1) we are ignorant of his plot.2) they were unaware of the true facts.3) the teacher didn't know what the students had done.13 daze daze (vt.)a) , make sb. feel stupid or unable to think clearly 使人惶惑或眩暈daze sb.eg: so much work dazed me.if anyone gives you a blo

39、w on the head, you'll feel dazedb) surprise and bewilder sb.eg: i was dazed by her sudden offer. dazed (adj.)eg: a dazed look/manner茫然的神態(tài)或舉止 daze (nj the state of being dazedin a daze in a confused state 處于茫然狀態(tài)eg: ifve been in a complete daze since i heard the news.14. assure assure (vt.) cause

40、sb. to be sure, to feel certain assure sb>/oneself of sth.eg: i can assure you of my full support for your plan. peter assured me of his interest in books.paraphrase1) fll make him believe what i said is true.2) he tried to make me feel sure that he would welcome me.assure sb. that向保證eg: we tried

41、 to assure him that we were right.they assured him that nothing would happen to him.change the following into simple sentences:1) i assured them that they would be perfectly safe with us.2) they tried to assure me that what they said was true.3) i can assure you that i'll fully support you.assur

42、e oneself that“ make sure.確實(shí)弄清楚，確保eg: the man assured himself that the bridge was safe.paraphrase1) the boy made sure that he could catch the train.2) being going to bed, she make sure that she had locked the door. assured (adj.) definite 肯定的，自信的eg: there is an assured demand for goodshe spoke in hi

43、s assured tone.(3) assurance (nj certainty, confidence 確信，信心do sth. with assuranceeg: he answered the question with assurance.he often speaks with assurancehave assurance of eg: i have full assurance of his honesty.1 have assurance of his supportgive sb. one's assurance 向保證eg: he gave me his ass

44、urance that he would help me.15. indiscreet indiscreet (adj.) “ cautious; not careful 不審慎，不穩(wěn)重 discreet adj.carefuleg: don't tell her any secrets, she is so indiscreet. discretion (nj indiscreet conduct; lack of discretion 不謹(jǐn)慎的言行eg: he often commits youthful discretion.16. circulation n< numbe

45、r of copies of a newspaper or books to the public 發(fā)行量eg: yangchcng evening is a newspaper with a daily circulation of 2 million.he has just published a book with a circulation of 100 thousand17. envious envious (adj.) full of envy; jealousbe envious of羨慕，嫉妒eg: i am envious of your success.she was en

46、vious of jane's good fortune. we are envious of her beauty. envy (vj be envious ofenvy sb/stheg: i envy your good fortuneshe envied his wealth envy (n.)sb's envy at sth</of sbeg: his envy of his brother soon turned to jealousy.she is filled with envy at my success.18. be in (much/more) ev

47、idence be clearly or easily seeneg: the first signs of spring are in evidenceparaphrase1) mrs. jones in a bright dress was very clearly seen.2) she is the sort of woman who likes to attract attention.3) if you want to thumb a lift, you must stand in a place easily seen.19. it serves sb. right his fa

48、ilure, misfortune etc. is deserved; he is notworth sympathy 某人活該eg: a: xiao li failed in the examb: i say it serves him right because he doesn't work hard.20. inquisitive adjfond of inquiring into other people's affairs 好管閑事的eg: she is an inquisitive woman.be inquisitive abouteg: she is inqu

49、isitive about my friends/my personal affairs.2l be bent on have the mind set on =be absorbed ineg: you should be bent on your english learning.what should a teacher be bent on?22. elope v (of a woman) run away from home with a lover elope with sb.eg: she eloped with her lover/with a rich man.23. obs

50、tinacy obstinacy (n.)u being not easy to give way to argument; stubbornnesseg: sheer obstinacy prevented her from apologizing.她固執(zhí)得就是不道歉。 everybody knows his obstinacy. obstinate (adj>) not easily giving way to argumenteg: everybody knows that he is obstinatethe obstinate old man refused to go to

51、hospital.as obstinate as a muleeg: he is as obstinate as a mule.24. willfulness willfulness (n.) obstinacy 任性，固執(zhí) willful adj.a) , obstinate, determined to have onefs own wayeg: he is a willful child.b) . intentional 故意的eg: this is willful murder.這是故意殺人。25. escape escape (v.) escape (n.)(3) escapism

52、(m) trying to forget unpleasant realities by means of entertainment etc.逃避現(xiàn)實(shí) escapist n. a person who tries to find escape 設(shè)法消遣者,逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)的人 eg: drug-taking is a form of escapism for some people.don't be an escapist.26. justify justify (vt.) show that (a person, statement, act etc.) is right 證明正確eg: the prime mini